Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at s_NN=5.02 TeV

North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Physics letters. Section B Vol.772 No.-

We present the charged-particle pseudorapidity density in Pb-Pb collisions at s<SUB>NN</SUB>=5.02 TeV in centrality classes measured by ALICE. The measurement covers a wide pseudorapidity range from -3.5 to 5, which is sufficient for reliable estimates of the total number of charged particles produced in the collisions. For the most central (0-5%) collisions we find 21400+/-1300, while for the most peripheral (80-90%) we find 230+/-38. This corresponds to an increase of (27+/-4)% over the results at s<SUB>NN</SUB>=2.76 TeV previously reported by ALICE. The energy dependence of the total number of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions is found to obey a modified power-law like behaviour. The charged-particle pseudorapidity density of the most central collisions is compared to model calculations - none of which fully describes the measured distribution. We also present an estimate of the rapidity density of charged particles. The width of that distribution is found to exhibit a remarkable proportionality to the beam rapidity, independent of the collision energy from the top SPS to LHC energies.

Production of Σ(1385)^+/- and Ξ(1530)⁰ measured by ALICE in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

ALICE Collaboration,Song, J. North Holland Pub. Co 2017 Nuclear physics. A Vol.967 No.-

The measurement of resonances in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions allows one to study the properties of the hadronic medium. Resonances with short lifetimes compared to the duration of the time span between chemical and kinetic freeze out are good candidates to probe the interplay of particle re-scattering and regeneration in the hadronic phase, which result in a modification of their measured yields. Measurements of Σ(1385)<SUP>+/-</SUP> and Ξ(1530)<SUP>0</SUP> have been performed with the ALICE detector in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies. We report on p<SUB>T</SUB>-integrated yield ratios as function of charged-particle multiplicity density, <dN<SUB>ch</SUB>/dη<SUB>lab</SUB>>, which is used as a proxy for the size of collision system. These results complement the information derived from the measurement of other resonances such as K<SUP>@?</SUP>(892)<SUP>0</SUP> and φ(1020). The system size dependence of the yield ratio of short-lived resonances to longer-lived particles with the same strangeness content is discussed and compared to predictions from pQCD-inspired models, statistical hadronization models and EPOS.

Heavy flavour decay muon production at forward rapidity in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV

ALICE Collaboration,Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamova, D.,Adare, A.M.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agocs, A.G.,Agostinelli, A.,Aguilar Salazar, S.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmad Masoodi, A.,Ahn, S.U.,Aki North-Holland Pub. Co 2012 Physics letters: B Vol.708 No.3

The production of muons from heavy flavour decays is measured at forward rapidity in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV collected with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The analysis is carried out on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L<SUB>int</SUB>=16.5 nb<SUP>-1</SUP>. The transverse momentum and rapidity differential production cross sections of muons from heavy flavour decays are measured in the rapidity range 2.5<y<4, over the transverse momentum range 2<p<SUB>t</SUB><12 GeV/c. The results are compared to predictions based on perturbative QCD calculations.

Charge correlations using the balance function in Pb-Pb collisions at s_NN=2.76 TeV

North-Holland Pub. Co 2013 Physics letters: B Vol.723 No.4

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, the correlations between the emitted particles can be used as a probe to gain insight into the charge creation mechanisms. In this Letter, we report the first results of such studies using the electric charge balance function in the relative pseudorapidity (Δη) and azimuthal angle (Δφ) in Pb-Pb collisions at s<SUB>NN</SUB>=2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The width of the balance function decreases with growing centrality (i.e. for more central collisions) in both projections. This centrality dependence is not reproduced by HIJING, while AMPT, a model which incorporates strings and parton rescattering, exhibits qualitative agreement with the measured correlations in Δφ but fails to describe the correlations in Δη. A thermal blast-wave model incorporating local charge conservation and tuned to describe the p<SUB>T</SUB> spectra and v<SUB>2</SUB> measurements reported by ALICE, is used to fit the centrality dependence of the width of the balance function and to extract the average separation of balancing charges at freeze-out. The comparison of our results with measurements at lower energies reveals an ordering with s<SUB>NN</SUB>: the balance functions become narrower with increasing energy for all centralities. This is consistent with the effect of larger radial flow at the LHC energies but also with the late stage creation scenario of balancing charges. However, the relative decrease of the balance function widths in Δη and Δφ with centrality from the highest SPS to the LHC energy exhibits only small differences. This observation cannot be interpreted solely within the framework where the majority of the charge is produced at a later stage in the evolution of the heavy-ion collision.

Measurement of electrons from beauty hadron decays in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

ALICE Collaboration,Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamova, D.,Adare, A.M.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agocs, A.G.,Agostinelli, A.,Aguilar Salazar, S.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmad Masoodi, A.,Ahn, S.A.,Ahn North-Holland Pub. Co 2013 Physics letters: B Vol.721 No.1

The production cross section of electrons from semileptonic decays of beauty hadrons was measured at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.8) in the transverse momentum range 1<p<SUB>T</SUB><8 GeV/c with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at a center of mass energy s=7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 2.2 nb<SUP>-1</SUP>. Electrons from beauty hadron decays were selected based on the displacement of the decay vertex from the collision vertex. A perturbative QCD calculation agrees with the measurement within uncertainties. The data were extrapolated to the full phase space to determine the total cross section for the production of beauty quark-antiquark pairs.

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at s_NN=2.76 TeV

North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.754 No.-

<P>The centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV over a broad pseudorapidity range is presented. This Letter extends the previous results reported by ALICE to more peripheral collisions. No strong change of the overall shape of charged-particle pseudorapidity density distributions with centrality is observed, and when normalised to the number of participating nucleons in the collisions, the evolution over pseudorapidity with centrality is likewise small. The broad pseudorapidity range (-3.5 < eta < 5) allows precise estimates of the total number of produced charged particles which we find to range from 162 +/- 22(syst.) to 17170 +/- 770(syst.) in 80-90% and 0-5% central collisions, respectively. The total charged-particle multiplicity is seen to approximately scale with the number of participating nucleons in the collision. This suggests that hard contributions to the charged-particle multiplicity are limited. The results are compared to models which describe dN(ch)/d(eta) at mid-rapidity in the most central Pb-Pb collisions and it is found that these models do not capture all features of the distributions. (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.</P>

Multi-strange baryon production in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with ALICE

ALICE Collaboration,Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamova, D.,Adare, A.M.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agocs, A.G.,Agostinelli, A.,Aguilar Salazar, S.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmad Masoodi, A.,Ahn, S.U.,Aki North-Holland Pub. Co 2012 Physics letters: B Vol.712 No.4

A measurement of the multi-strange Ξ<SUP>-</SUP> and Ω<SUP>-</SUP> baryons and their antiparticles by the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presented for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The transverse momentum (p<SUB>T</SUB>) distributions were studied at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) in the range of 0.6<p<SUB>T</SUB><8.5 GeV/c for Ξ<SUP>-</SUP> and Ξ@?<SUP>+</SUP> baryons, and in the range of 0.8<p<SUB>T</SUB><5 GeV/c for Ω<SUP>-</SUP> and Ω@?<SUP>+</SUP>. Baryons and antibaryons were measured as separate particles and we find that the baryon to antibaryon ratio of both particle species is consistent with unity over the entire range of the measurement. The statistical precision of the current data has allowed us to measure a difference between the mean p<SUB>T</SUB> of Ξ<SUP>-</SUP> (Ξ@?<SUP>+</SUP>) and Ω<SUP>-</SUP> (Ω@?<SUP>+</SUP>). Particle yields, mean p<SUB>T</SUB>, and the spectra in the intermediate p<SUB>T</SUB> range are not well described by the PYTHIA Perugia 2011 tune Monte Carlo event generator, which has been tuned to reproduce the early LHC data. The discrepancy is largest for Ω<SUP>-</SUP> (Ω@?<SUP>+</SUP>). This PYTHIA tune approaches the p<SUB>T</SUB> spectra of Ξ<SUP>-</SUP> and Ξ@?<SUP>+</SUP> baryons below p<SUB>T</SUB><0.85 GeV/c and describes the Ξ<SUP>-</SUP> and Ξ@?<SUP>+</SUP> spectra above p<SUB>T</SUB>>6.0 GeV/c. We also illustrate the difference between the experimental data and model by comparing the corresponding ratios of (Ω<SUP>-</SUP>+Ω@?<SUP>+</SUP>)/(Ξ<SUP>-</SUP>+Ξ@?<SUP>+</SUP>) as a function of transverse mass.

Locating and Utilising Inherent Qualities in an Expanded Sound Palette for Solo Flute

Alice Bennett(알리스 베넷),Vincent Giles(빈센트 길레스) 한국전자음악협회 2015 에밀레 Vol.13 No.-

플루트 독주 특유의 즉흥적 음악언어를 추구하면서, 전통적이고 현대적인 연주기법의 범위를 넘어 컴퓨터를 이용한 악기의 확장이라는 영역으로 넘어가야 할 필요성을 종종 느낄 때가 있다. 이러한 이유로 알리스 베넷Alice Bennett의 창작 작품은 실용적인 사운드 팔레트를 확장시키는 새로운 전자음향적 기술을 탐색케 한다. 이 글은 빈센트 길레스Vincent Giles가 실시간으로 분광 영역 마이크로사운드 증폭 소프트웨어SDMAS(Spectral Domain Microsound Amplification Software)를 사용한 플루트 연주에 관하여 기술한다. 분광 영역 마이크로사운드 증폭 소프트웨어SDMAS는 실시간으로 입력된 소리가 특정 음량 기준점 주변 배음들의 음량을 변화시켜, 작은 소리를 상대적으로 큰 음량으로 증폭시킨다. 그 결과 들을 수 없었을 [작은] 배음들이 큰 음량의 배음들과 같이 커져, 기존의 악기 혹은 변형된 악기 음색과도 확연히 다른 음색을 얻게 된다. 이는 연주자/작곡가가 순전히 어쿠스틱 악기에서 얻을 수 있는 것과 다른 음색을 보여줄 뿐 아니라 보다 넓은 영역의 음색을 활용할 수 있게 해준다. 이는 초월적 악기의 확장형태instrument configuration에 기반한, 음향적으로 풍부하고 독특한 즉흥적 음악언어를 이끌어 낼 것이다. In the search for an idiosyncratic improvisatory language of solo flute performance, it is sometimes necessary to move beyond the scope of traditional and extended techniques into the world of instrument-extension through computers. To this end, Alice Bennett’s creative work leads to the exploration of new electroacoustic techniques, searching for ways to expand the available sonic palette. This paper documents an electronically-extended flute performance utilising Vincent Giles’ Spectral Domain Microsound Amplification Software (SDMAS) in real-time. The SDMAS amplifies soft sounds relative to loud, by real-time input, shifting the partials by amplitude around an amplitude-based pivot point. The result is that these otherwise-inaudible partials increased to audibility alongside the higher amplitude partials, drastically altering the perceived timbre of the instrument or instruments being treated. This allows the performer/composer to not only discover, but to exploit a greater range of timbres than are available to a purely acoustic instrument. These explorations lead to a sonically enriched and idiosyncratic improvisatory language based on this hyper-instrument configuration.

How Will Europe Handle Conceptual Divergence Between China and the US?

Alice Ekman 동아시아재단 2019 Global Asia Vol.14 No.2

Cognitive assessment of “To” and “Through” movement in neighborhoods

Alice, Vialard 한국생태환경건축학회 2020 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.20 No.2

When navigating novel environments, the configuration of streets can facilitate wayfinding with a clear hierarchy of main streets. Gangnam in Seoul provides a clear superblock structure with distinctive large avenues. However, it contrasts with the internal street network of these superblocks. This paper presents a methodology to assess the intelligibility of urban environments based on both configurational measures and cognitive ones. Intelligibility is based on two characteristics: the accessibility to the centre of the superblock and the ease to traverse it. From a configurational perspective, existing measures are used to characterise "to" and "through" movement. Then, the cognitive mechanisms involved in map navigation which provide information on the decision-making process are depicted by path choice and velocity. They are recorded using technology developed for the quantification of neuromotor impairments. Preliminary results show that there is a strong relationship between the two types of intelligibility