Proposed Minimum Luminous Range for Existing Lighthouses in This Age of Global Navigation Satellite Systems by Using the Correlation between Light Intensity and Luminous Range

Ahmad Faizal AHMAD FUAD,Noor Apandi OSNIN,Mohd Naim FADZIL,Mohd Zamani AHMAD 국제이네비해양경제학회 2017 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.6 No.1

Long-range visual marine aids to navigation are not required for current marine navigational practices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a minimum luminous range for major lighthouses that are still in existence to sustain the operation of the lighthouses in the future. Two steps were involved in the determination of the minimum luminous range, namely the modification of the existing geographical range formula, and the finding of a strong linear correlation between the light intensity and the luminous range with the lowest gradient possible in a graph. The application of the minimum luminous range would eliminate the loom of light beyond the geographical range of the lighthouse. This approach was applied to seven major lighthouses in Peninsular Malaysia, which resulted in a minimum luminous range of between 12 nm to 14 nm, which was a reduction from the existing range of 18 nm to 25 nm. The validation of the minimum luminous range was performed in two ways; using a Full Mission Ship Simulator (FMSS), and matching the proposed minimum luminous range with the lighting system available. The results of the validation by using the FMSS between the luminous range of 25 nm and 14 nm showed that the light could be sighted and identified at 58.7 nm and 58.6 nm, respectively, which was, therefore, not significant. The validation by matching with the lighting equipment available in the market showed that the eight-tier VLB-44, which has replaced the rotating lighting system in the US since 2008, was highly matched with the proposed minimum luminous range. This further validated the minimum luminous range. The minimum luminous range is sufficient for current navigational uses and may reduce the costs for procuring and maintaining lighting systems, and will be able to sustain the operations of lighthouses in this GNSS age.

The Utilisation of Pisang Island as a Platform to Support the Current Safety and Security Needs of Marine Navigation in the Straits of Malacca

Ahmad Faizal AHMAD FUAD,Mohd Sharifuddin AHMAD,Mohd Naim FADZIL,Noor Apandi OSNIN 국제이네비해양경제학회 2017 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.7 No.1

Current marine navigational practice relies less on long-range visual marine signals such as lighthouses for reference purposes. This is due to the availability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), which are integrated with other navigational aids on ships. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the function of Pisang Island lighthouse and to propose the most relevant use of Pisang Island for current navigational needs. The function of the lighthouse was reviewed according to the IALA Navigational Guide and the AIS data image. The result showed that the most suitable navigational use of the lighthouse is to act as a reference for Line of Position (LOP). The AIS data image indicated that mariners are not using Pisang Island lighthouse for LOP. The trend in the Straits of Malacca (SoM) was compared with the trend in the Straits of Dover, UK. The selected experts verified that LOP was not practised there. As a specific example, a tanker ship route in the South China Sea was used to further support that LOP was not practised. This evidence supported the view that Pisang Island lighthouse is less relevant for current navigational practice and does not directly support the coastal state VTS operation and the establishment of the marine electronic highway. Furthermore, the existing shore-based VTS radar has limitations on range and the detection of targets near Pisang Island. Therefore, this study proposes the establishment of a new radar station on Pisang Island at the existing site of the lighthouse. The proposed new radar station on Pisang Island will add to the existing coverage of the VTS radar, bridging the coverage gaps to overcome the weakness of the existing shore-based radar and improve the safety and security of marine navigation in the SoM.

Politically Engaged Muslims in Malaysia in the Era of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003–2009)

Ahmad Fauzi Abdul Hamid 서울대학교행정대학원 2010 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.18 No.2

Long regarded as an embodiment of tolerant Islam and peacefully co-existing withmodernisation within a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, Malaysia unexpectedlyaroused much attention as a potential breeding ground for Muslim radicals in theaftermath of catalytic events which pitted the West against the Muslim world. MalaysianMuslims are said to be susceptible to Middle Eastern-originated radicalism, asexemplified in interlocking transnational contacts and agendas sowed between increas-ingly globalised Muslim networks adept in exploiting latest trappings of modernity. This article urges readers to engage in deeper reflection on the local dynamics ofMalaysia’s Islamisation process, in order to arrive at a more nuanced understanding ofchallenges posed by politically engaged Muslims in Malaysia. It is argued that, belyingthe regime’s profession of a progressive Islam known as Islam Hadhari, Malaysia underAbdullah Ahmad Badawi’s Premiership witnessed an abrupt escalation of inter-religioustension which not only threatened to disrupt communal harmony and nation-building,but also posed a security risk. The origins of such instability could arguably be located tothe peculiar manner in which politically-laden Islam is applied by the regime, inparticular by its home-nurtured Islamic bureaucracy.

Therapeutic Effects of Botanicals Used in Management of Dhiq al-Nafas (Bronchial Asthma): An Evidence Based Review

Ahmad, Taufiq,Parray, Shabir Ahmad,Ahmad, Naseem,Khan, Javed Ahmad,Zohaib, Sharique Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.1

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases globally and currently affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. As per scientific data, approximately 10-12% of adults; and 15% of children are affected by the disease. The increasing global prevalence of the disease imposes a high health care costs into its mechanisms and treatment. Unani system of medicine (USM) is a well known traditional therapy for number of diseases since ancient times. Time has proved that USM has a special role in treatment of chronic diseases, due its special Usooleillaj (Line of treatment). Dhiq al-Nafas (bronchial asthma) is also considered as a chronic disease. Since ancient times, the disease was cured by number of single as well as compound formulations by renowned Unani scholars. This review provides a comprehensive summary of medicinal plant throughout the world, with reference to renowned Unani scholars and physicians for treatment of Dhiq al-Nafas. A number of Unani single and compound drugs, highly efficacious and safe drugs are available for the asthma. The data were taken from classical literature of USM, Modern reference books & electronic journals. The recent information was collected from different authentic search engines. This review will provide the centuries therapeutic information's of classical literature and recent scientific studies of 12 herbal drugs mentioned in USM, which will help the academia, clinicians, research scholars and post graduate students from Unani Medicine, Traditional & Complementary Medicine and other related disciplines, having research interest or work in the Unani medicine.

Efficient dynamic behavior analysis of an adhesive-jointed structure made of composites

Ahmad Burhani Ahmad Basri,Muhamad Norhisham Abdul Rani,이형일 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.4

An inefficiency issue in substructure analysis is caused by a finite element model of an adhesive interface meshed into thousands of degrees of freedom. This paper presents a wave-approach based adhesive interface for efficient dynamic behavior analysis of a large adhesive jointed composite structure. The large adhesive interface is converted into a basis function known as waves. Orthonormalization selects the most important waves and reduces the interface size. Two engineering cases were presented. The predicted results obtained from the approach were compared with the full-size finite element and experimental counterparts to assess their accuracy level. It was discovered that the approach could significantly reduce the need for repeated long-term composite structure optimization analysis.

Determinants of Green Total Factor Productivity of Agricultural Sector in Indonesia, 1980–2018

Ahmad Satria IRMANTO(Ahmad Satria IRMANTO ),Siskarossa Ika OKTORA(Siskarossa Ika OKTORA ) 한국유통과학회 2023 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the determinants of Green Total Factor Productivity (Green TFP) growth in the agricultural sector in Indonesia from 1980–2018. Research design, data, and methodology: The growth of Green TFP in the agricultural sector is calculated using the Growth Accounting Method. Moreover, this study uses multiple linear regression to analyze the determinants of the growth of Green TFP in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. Results: The survey results show that the average growth of Green TFP in the agricultural sector in Indonesia is still negative, which indicates that the efficiency of production factor or mastery of technology is still low. Inflation and patent applications are variables that significantly affect the growth of Green TFP in the agricultural sector, where the inflation variable has a negative effect. In contrast, the variable growth of patent applications has a positive impact. Conclusions: The government needs to continue to improve efficiency by organizing various programs related to increasing mastery of technology in the agricultural sector. The government also needs to advance research and development by promoting patents to become research incentives and impact the improvement of new technologies, especially those related to the environment. Moreover, economic stability needs to be maintained through inflation control.

Impact of Accounting Conservatism on Cash Dividend and Financial Reporting Quality: A Study of Jordanian Public Companies

Ahmad Yousef KALBOUNEH(Ahmad Yousef KALBOUNEH ),Majd Yousef AL-LAHHAM(Majd Yousef AL-LAHHAM ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

This study seeks to ascertain whether publicly listed Jordanian corporations (listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE)) exhibit accounting conservatism and whether such companies distribute dividends to stockholders. Furthermore, this study delves into the implications of accounting conservatism on dividend policy in the context of the quality of financial statements of publicly listed Jordanian companies listed on the ASE. To accomplish the aims of this study, the Quality of financial reporting is treated as a moderator for the relationship between accounting conservatism and dividend distribution. Hence, a panel data approach was utilized, which encompasses cross-sectional data for 95 industrial and service establishments for the period (2013–2017). The study found that accounting conservatism has a negative impact on dividends and that there is no difference in the impact of accounting conservatism on dividends based on the quality of financial reports. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most salient of which is the need for companies to enhance their concentration on accounting conservatism and adopt a suitable policy for dividends. Thus, this research provides an insights into the financial practices of Jordanian publicly listed corporations and highlights the need for a more informed decision-making process concerning dividends and accounting practices.

Moderate-intensity continuous training: is it as good as high-intensity interval training for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes?

Ahmad Mahdi Ahmad 한국운동재활학회 2019 JER Vol.15 No.2

Malaysia Automotive Policy towards to MERCOSUR regime trade market

ahmad shafiq bin ahmad FAUZI,madzli bin HARUN 국제이네비해양경제학회 2019 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.12 No.1

The multilateral trade relations between Malaysia and MERCOSUR is a new market. This study focuses on automotive policy areas towards the MERCOSUR regime which focus on trade ties. The purpose of this study is to expand national automotive policy to penetrate the automotive sector in the MERCOSUR. While it create opportunities to penetrate the automotive sector in MERCOSUR where Malaysia needs to enhancement national trade performance of FTA potential within MERCOSUR regime especially on investment and trade. The main issue is the lack of progress and process are restrictions on Malaysia's within MERCOSUR in the automotive field. Malaysia does not pursue trade within respective nation but in statistical shows have a large and positive market economy with the southern continent of America, especially the automotive industry and lack of performance of Malaysian counterparts and MERCOSUR and unsuccessful automotive investment and exporters. This research uses qualitative research methods, data collection, interviews, and content analysis methods for this study. Expert from respective agencies as interviewees such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Malaysia Trade Relations Division (MATRADE), the Department of Robotics and the automotive trade policy of Malaysia and the IoT Institute. Coding techniques are used for coding processes in content analysis. Hereby, the analysis by using the Economic Integration theory with SWOT Analysis to find out the implementation of Malaysia FTA within the MERCOSUR .Hence, research findings show that Malaysia's multilateral within MERCOSUR relations have a potential to be strengthened with a variety of positive and initiatives from the Malaysia government.

Porosity features and gas permeability analysis of bi-modal porous alumina and mullite for filtration applications

Ahmad, Rizwan,Anwar, Muhammad Shoaib,Kim, Jae,Song, In-Hyuck,Abbas, Syed Zaighum,Ali, Syed Ahmad,Ali, Fahad,Ahmad, Jamil,Bin Awais, Hasan,Mehmood, Mazhar Elsevier 2016 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.42 No.16

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bimodal porous structures were prepared by combining conventional sacrificial template and partial sintering methods. These porous structures were analysed by comparing pore characteristics and gas permeation properties of alumina/mullite specimens sintered at different temperatures. The pore characteristics were investigated by SEM, mercury porosimetry, and capillary flow porosimetry. A bimodal pore structure was observed. One type of pore was induced by starch, which acted as a sacrificial template. The other pore type was due to partial sintering. The pores produced by starch were between 2 and 10µm whereas those produced by partial sintering exhibited pore size of 0.1–0.5µm. The effects of sintering temperature on porosity, gas permeability, and mullite phase formation were studied. The formation of the mullite phase was confirmed by XRD. Compressive strengths of 37.9MPa and 12.4MPa with porosities of 65.3% and 70% were achieved in alumina and mullite specimens sintered at 1600°C.</P>