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Shim, Ju-Sun,Lee, Ok-Ran,Kim, Yu-Jin,Lee, Jung-Hye,Kim, Ju-Han,Jung, Dae-Young,In, Jun-Gyo,Lee, Beom-Soo,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.2
The medicinal plant Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) contains various phytosterols and bioactive triterpene saponins (ginsenosides). Squalene synthase catalyzes the first committed step in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Transgenic plants of P. ginseng were generated by introducing the squalene synthase gene derived from P. ginseng. Adventitious roots of the transgenic ginseng grew best in B5 medium, and 2 g of inoculum secured an optimal growth rate. Two phytohormones, indolebutyric acid and 1-naphtalene acetic acid, increased root growth and decreased ginsenoside production. Treatment with two selected elicitors, chitosan and jasmonic acid, and a precursor of the isoprenoid pathway, mevalonic acid, enhanced ginsenoside production and retarded ginseng growth rate.
Isolation and Characterization of a Type II Peroxiredoxin Gene from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer
Kim, Yu-Jin,Lee, Jung-Hye,Lee, Ok-Ran,Shim, Ju-Sun,Jung, Seok-Kyu,Son, Na-Ri,Kim, Ju-Han,Kim, Se-Young,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.4
A peroxiredoxin cDNA (PgPrx) was isolated and characterized from the leaves of Panax ginseng. The cDNA is 716 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 489 base pairs with a deduced amino acid sequence of 162 residues. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is approximately 17.4 kDa with a predicted isoelectric point of 5.37. A GenBank BlastX search revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PgPrx shares a high degree homology with type II peroxiredoxin (Prx) proteins in other plants. The PgPrx gene was highly expressed in leaves, and expressed at a low level in the stem. To analyze the gene expression of PgPrx in response to various abiotic stresses, we utilized real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Our results reveal that PgPrx expression is induced by ultraviolet irradiation, low temperature, and salt. The induction of PgPrx in response to abiotic stimuli suggests that ginseng Prx may function to protect the host against environmental stresses.
Isolation and Characterization of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 5 (PgPR5) Gene from Panax ginseng
Kim, Yu-Jin,Lee, Jung-Hye,Jung, Dae-Young,Sathiyaraj, Gayathri,Shim, Ju-Sun,In, Jun-Gyo,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.4
A pathogenesis-related protein (PgPR5) gene that isolated from the leaf of Panax ginseng was characterized. The ORF is 756 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 251 residues. The calculated molecular mass of the matured protein is approximately 27.5 kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 7.80. A GenBank BlastX search revealed that the deduced amino acid of PgPR5 shares highest sequence similarity to PR5 of Actinidia deliciosa (80% identity, 87% similarity). PgPR5 has a C-terminal and N-terminal signal peptide, suggesting that it is a vacuolar secreted protein. The expression of PgPR5 under various environmental stresses was analyzed at different time points using real-time PCR. Our results reveal that PgPR5 is induced by salt stress, chilling stress, heavy metal, UV, and pathogen infection. These results suggest that the PgPR5 could play a role in the molecular defence response of ginseng to abiotic and pathogen attack. This is the first report of the isolation of PR5 gene from the P. ginseng.
Lee, Jung-Hye,Kim, Yu-Jin,Jung, Dae-Young,Shim, Ju-Sun,Kim, Ik-Hwan,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.1
This experiment was done to determine the optimum conditions for the induction of tetraploidy in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer using bud length, temperature and plant growth regulator pretreatments. Highest callus formation was obtained when the medium was inoculated with flower bud in the size of 2-3 mm in length. The optimum temperature for the callus formation was high when treated at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4-5 days. Among the treatments of growth regulators and different concentration, highest callus formation was observed in combination of 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin for P. ginseng. As a result of flow cytometer analysis, all 7 adventitious roots were confirmed as tetraploidys. Cytological analysis revealed that the chromosome number of tetraploid roots was 96, while that of diploid roots was 48. Tetraploid ginseng roots were inoculated to flower bud size of 2-3 mm in length. The callus formation was optimum when treated with 1 mg/L 2,4-D at $4^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. Compared with control roots, tetraploid roots were thicker and longer and had few lateral branches. Fresh weight of tetraploid roots was relatively higher than the control roots.
Isolation and Characterization of a Type Ⅱ Peroxiredoxin Gene from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer
Yu-Jin Kim,Jung-Hye Lee,Ok Ran Lee,Ju-Sun Shim,Seok-Kyu Jung,Na-Ri Son,Ju-Han Kim,Se-Young Kim,Deok-Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.4
A peroxiredoxin cDNA (PgPrx) was isolated and characterized from the leaves of Panax ginseng. The cDNA is 716 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 489 base pairs with a deduced amino acid sequence of 162 residues. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is approximately 17.4 kDa with a predicted isoelectric point of 5.37. A GenBank BlastX search revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PgPrx shares a high degree homology with type Ⅱ peroxiredoxin (Prx) proteins in other plants. The PgPrx gene was highly expressed in leaves, and expressed at a low level in the stem. To analyze the gene expression of PgPrx in response to various abiotic stresses, we utilized real-time quantitative RTPCR. Our results reveal that PgPrx expression is induced by ultraviolet irradiation, low temperature, and salt. The induction of PgPrx in response to abiotic stimuli suggests that ginseng Prx may function to protect the host against environmental stresses.
Ju-Sun Shim,Ok Ran Lee,Yu-Jin Kim,Jung-Hye Lee,Ju-Han Kim,Dae-Young Jung,Jun-Gyo In,Beom-Soo Lee,Deok-Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.2
The medicinal plant Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) contains various phytosterols and bioactive triterpene saponins (ginsenosides). Squalene synthase catalyzes the first committed step in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Transgenic plants of P. ginseng were generated by introducing the squalene synthase gene derived from P. ginseng. Adventitious roots of the transgenic ginseng grew best in B5 medium, and 2 g of inoculum secured an optimal growth rate. Two phytohormones, indolebutyric acid and 1-naphtalene acetic acid, increased root growth and decreased ginsenoside production. Treatment with two selected elicitors, chitosan and jasmonic acid, and a precursor of the isoprenoid pathway, mevalonic acid, enhanced ginsenoside production and retarded ginseng growth rate.
Isolation and Characterization of Terpene Synthase Gene from Panax ginseng
Yu-Jin Kim,Ah-Rom Ham,Ju-Sun Shim,Jung-Hye Lee,Dae-Young Jung,Jun-Gyo In,Bum-Soo Lee,Deok-Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.2
Terpene synthase plays a key role in biosynthesis of triterpene saponins (ginsenosides) and is intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of secondary metabolites. A terpene synthase (PgTPS) cDNA was isolated and characterized from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The deduced amino acid sequence of PgTPS showed a similarity with A. deliciosa (AAX16121) 61%, V. vinifera (AAS66357) 61%, L hirsutum (AAG41891) 55%, M truncatula (AAV36464) 52%. And the segment of a terpene synthase gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We studied expression of terpene synthase under stressful conditions like chilling, salt, UV, and heavy metal stress treatment. Expression of PgTPS was increased gradually after exposure to stresses such as chilling, salt, and UV illumination. But its transcription seems to be reduced by cadmium and copper treatment.