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백서의 비장에서 화학적 교감신경절제가 뜸(구(灸))자극으로 유도된 면역변조에 미치는 영향
한재복,오상덕,이기석,최기순,조영욱,안현종,배현수,민병일,Han, Jae-Bok,Oh, Sang-Duck,Lee, Ki-Seok,Choi, Ki-Soon,Cho, Young-Wuk,Ahn, Hyun-Jong,Bae, Hyun-Soo,Min, Byung-Il 대한면역학회 2002 Immune Network Vol.2 No.2
Background: To investigate the role of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in moxibustion-induced immunomodulation, the effects of chemical sympathectomy on moxibustion-induced changes in splenic NK cell cytotoxicity, T and B cell proliferation were studied in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Methods: Chemical sympathectomy was achieved with intraperitoneal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine 50 mg/kg/day for 3 successive days. Direct moxibustion (6-minute interval, 9 moxa ball, each of which weighing 0.007 g and burning for 40 seconds) was applied on unilateral anterior tibial muscle region where Zusanli (ST36) acupoint is located, once a day for 7 successive days. NK cell cytotoxicity was measured by $4hr-^{51}Cr$ release assay. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was analyzed by [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation assay. Results: NK cell cytotoxicity was suppressed by moxibustion, more in sympathectomized rats than in vehicle-treated rats. T cell proliferation induced by concanavalin A was not affected by moxibustion. B cell proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide showed no significant change in vehicle-treated rats, but an increase in sympathectomized rats by moxibustion. Sympathectomy alone induced augmentation of NK cell cytotoxicity and suppression of T cell proliferation. Conclusion: These results suggest that SNS has no direct relation with moxibution-induced immunomodulation but has an important role in the mechanism to keep the homeostasis of immune system by tonically inhibiting excessive changes of various immune components.
Cho, Young-Wuk,Han, Seung-Ho,Min, Byung-Il,Rhee, Jeong-Seop,Norio Akaike 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2001 No.-
Opioids have been thought to induce analgesia by activating the descending pain control system, especially at the level of periaquenductal gray, and regulate the neurotransmitter release through the inhibition of calcium channel. In the present study, the modulatory effects of protein kinase C and protein kinase A on the μ-opioid agonist-induced inhibition of the high-voltage activated calcium current were examined in the acutely dissociated rat periaqueductal gray neurons with the nystatin-perforated patch-clamp technique. Among 505 neurons tested, the barium current passing through the high-voltage activated calcium channels of 172 neurons (34%) were inhibited by 32±3% with the application of an μ-opioid agonist, [D-_Ala^2, N-MePhe^4, Gly^5 -ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 μM). The barium currents itself and the DAMGO-induced inhibitory effects were not affected by the application of either an adenylate cyclase activator (forskolin, 1μM) or a protein kinase inhibitor (staurosporin, 10nM) for 2 min. The DAMGO inhibition was completely and irreversibly antagonized by the application of a protein kinase C activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, 1μM) for 2 min without any alteration of the barium current itself. However, the antagonizing effect of PMA was completely abolished by the application of 10 nM staurosporin for 2 min. After then, PMA did not show the antagonizing effect any more. Inversely, when staurosporin was applied before PMA, the antagonizing effect of PMA was also not shown. These results demonstrate that the μ-opiod agonist-induced inhibition of the periaqueductal gray neuronal high-voltage activated calcium current can be antagonized by protein kinase C activation. This finding may provide us a significant clue to understand the action mechanism of opioid-induced analgesia in the periaqueductal gray. ⓒ 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.All rights reserved.
Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture on biliary system motility
Min, Byung-I,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Cho, Young-Wuk,Lee, Sung-Koo,Kim, Myung-Hwan WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2002 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2002 No.-
Since the introduction of acupuncture in the West, the primary focus of interest has been on its analgesic effects. In the 1990s, several research groups began to investigate the effects of acupuncture on biliary system motility. Here, we have reviewed all the recently published articles about the effects of acupuncture and acupuncture-like stimulation on sphincter of Oddi(SO) and gallbladder motility. Acupoints used for these studies were auricular liver-gall point, Yanglinguan (GB34), Qimen(LR14) and Riyue(GB24). Acupuncture and acupuncture-like stimulation at LR14, GB24, which are located in the trunk, showed an increased SO contraction. In contrast, acupuncture at GB34 in lower limb and TENS at the hand showed a decreased SO contraction. Also, auricular liver-gall point stimulation caused a marked contraction of the gallbladder. These results agree with Sato's report that gastric motility was inhibited by acupuncture applied to the abdomen and lower chest region, but was often excited when the limbs were stimulated. The results of two articles show that acupuncture stimulation decreased SO basal pressure and was accompanied by a significant increase in cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Therefore, it was proposed that the effect of acupuncture on biliary system motility is that acupuncture first stimulates the autonomic or central nervous system, thereby controlling the release of the hormones that influence the SO and gall bladder. In conclusion, acupuncture stimulation of various acupoints results in inhibition or excitation of biliary system motility. The response of SO and gall bladder motility can be mediated by neurohormonal mechanisms, including CCK release. ⓒ 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.