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김용환,김상현,차인호,김경숙,이영춘,Kim, Yong-hwan,Kim, Sang-hyun,Cha, In-ho,Kim, Kyoung-shook,Lee, Young-choon The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1997 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.37 No.3
There are two conserved regions with a significantly high amino acid sequence homology among the A subunits of STX, SLTs and ricin. To produce an inactive Verotoxin-2 (VT-2), two different mutants, pE167D and pDE5A, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, respectively, on the basis of the previous reports that two regions lie within the active-site clefts of the A subunits of ricin and STX family. The cytotoxicity ($10^3$ $CD_{50}/ml$) of VT-2 holotoxin with E167D mutation was reduced by $10^3$-fold compared with wild-type level. In addition, VT-2 with DE5A ($Trp_{202}GlyArgIleSer_{206}$) deletion mutation showed a significantly low cytotoxicity ($10^1$ $CD_{50}/ml$), resulting in $10^5$- and $10^2$-fold reductions, respectively, compared with the wild-type and E167D mutatant. SDS-PAGE for protein samples showed a 33-kDa band corresponding to the A subunit of VT-2. These results indicate that reduction in cytotoxic activity was affected not by amount of VT-2 protein produced but by mutation. VT2(Verotoxin-2)의 효소활성 영역에 해당되는 두 영역의 아미노산들에 대하여, 첫번째 보존영역의 Glu167을 conservative point mutation 시키고, 두 번째 보존영역의 구성 아미노산 5개 전부를 deletion mutation 시켜, 각 변이주에서 독성의 감소 정도를 wild type과 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. pKSC101을 Eco RI과 Pst I으로 절단하여 940bp insert를 통일 제한효소로 절단한 M 13mp19에 삽입하여 pEP19RF를 구축하였다. 이를 이용하여 dU-SSDNA template를 제조하고, mutagenic primer를 annealing 하여 변이를 도입하였으며, 변이가 도입된 insert를 acceptor plasmid에 삽입시켜 각각 발현 플라스미드 pOEX와 pDEX를 구축하였다. 각각의 mutant 단백질을 발현시키기 위하여 pOEX와 pDEX를 JM109에 형질전환시켜 mutant 재조합 균주인 POMUT109와 DEMUT109를 작성하였다. 2. POMUT109와 DEMUT109를 IPTG 유도 발현시킨 배양상층액을 Vero cell에 대하여 세포독성을 시험한 결과 wild type에 비하여 POMUT109의 배양 여액에서는 2000배, DEMUT109의 배양여액에서는 적어도 3000배 이상의 세포독성을 감소시켰다.
진도견(珍島犬) 정세관상피(精細管上皮)의 정자발생(精子發生)과 미세구조(微細構造)
김용환,박영석,Kim, Yong-hwan,Park, Young-seok 대한수의학회 1993 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.33 No.1
To investigate the cycle and relative frequences and the fine structure of seminiferous epithelia in mature Jindo dogs, histologic study was performed. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Type A spermatogonia appeared approximately 1.6 times as many at stage II as compared to stage I while type In spermatogonia appeared small amount in stage III, IV and V. type B spermatogonia were found during the stage VI to VIII, though not detectable during stage I to V. The type B spermatogonia divided at stage VII to produce the preleptotene primary spermatocytes at stage VIII. The number of primary spermatocytes of the leptotene phase markedly increased during stage I to II, and the primary spermatocytes of the pachytene phase were shown the least in number at stage IV. The secondary spermatocytes could be seen only at stage IV. 2. The relative frequencies of each stage from stages I to VIII of the cycle of seminiferous epithelia were 31.6, 11.9, 10.0, 3.2, 8.2, 10.1, 11.7 and 13.2% respectively. 3. On electron microscopic observations, acrosomal vesicle of spermatids appeared larger though the bulk of germ cells were the morphologically same as those of the other animal species. Thread line structures light microscopically observed in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cell were the longitudinal orientation of mitochondria.
서울시 서초구의 클러스터경쟁력 분석에 관한 연구: 양재 R&D 클러스터 조성을 중심으로
김용환,임희정,최영석,김인중,Kim, Yong-Hwan,Lim, Hee-Jung,Choi, Young-Suk,Kim, In-Jung 산업클러스터학회 2010 산업클러스터 Vol.4 No.1
This study focused on the competitiveness analysis of industrial cluster using econometric method and competency analysis method to measure the situation of Seocho-gu industrial cluster and Yangjae R&D cluster at Seoul. The econometric method used the data such as the number of firms, the number of employee, GRDP. The competency analysis method measured the level of agglomeration of cluster for years through LQ(Location quotient) index. In addition, the characteristics and structure of each industry in Secho-gu and Yangjae-dong R&D cluster. The circumstance of location and business, the competency of potential ability of industries were analysed by SWOT. In sum, this study has the following conclusion. First, Seocho-gu and Yangjae-dong region has an advantage in the circumstance for R&D related industry and man power. Second, Seocho-gu and Yangjae-dong region has a good potential for development in R&D related industries. These region has a good relationship the four major R&D related industry of Seoul. Third, these region also has a advantage in the potential development of R&D related researchers in the corresponding industries. 서울시 서초구 산업클러스터 경쟁력을 분석하기 위해 계량분석과 역량분석을 실시하였다. 사업체수, 종사자수, GRDP 추계(전국, 서울시, 서초구, 양재동) 등 주요 산업경제지표를 계량분석하였고 LQ지수를 통한 클러스터 집적도를 연도별로 분석하였다. 서초구와 양재동 R&D 클러스터의 산업별 특징을 분석하였고 R&D 관련 산업구조 분석을 하였다. 그리고 입지여건, 비즈니스 여건, 산업잠재력의 역량을 SWOT 분석하였다. 연구분석한 자료를 종합적으로 분석하여 보면 다음과 같은 결론을 제시할 수 있다. 서초구 및 양재지역은 국내 최고의 R&D 클러스터의 인프라와 산업발전 역량을 보유하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 첫째, 서초와 양재지역은 R&D 관련 산업과 인력인프라가 매우 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, R&D 관련 산업의 발전 잠재력 분석에서도 우수한 것으로 분석결과로 나타났다. 이는 서울시 4대전략산업의 R&D 관련 산업과도 가치사슬로 잘 연계되어 있다. 서초구 및 양재지역은 국내 최고의 R&D 클러스터의 인프라와 산업발전 역량을 보유하고 있다. 셋째, R&D 관련 산업 연구자수 발전잠재력 분석에서도 양재지역이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.
나이관련황반변성에 의한 맥락막혈관신생에서 유리체내 베바시주맙 주입술의 장기효과
김용환,김응석,유승영,곽형우,Yong Hwan Kim,Eung Suk Kim,Seung Young Yu,Hyung Woo Kwak 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.12
Purpose: To investigate the long-term therapeutic effect and safety of repeated intravitreal bevacizumab injections for managing choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Clinical data of 14 eyes of 14 patients who were treated with repeated (3 times or more) intravitreal bevacizumab injections for secondary to AMD and followed up for 12 months were collected. Patients were treated with 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab. Bevacizumab was injected at 6-week intervals. Reinjection was performed with the same method according to the physician’s decision. Results: Mean visual acuity change increased by 4.0 lines from 1.13±0.47 to 0.73±0.44 (LogMAR). Mean central retinal thickness change decreased by 114.8 µm from 240.3±123.8 µm to 125.5±39.4 µm. Visual acuity improved statistically significantly at 12 weeks after first intravitreal bevacizumab injections and was maintained for 12 months. Central retinal thickness decreased statistically significantly at 6 weeks after the first intravitreal bevacizumab injection and was maintained for 12 months. During the 12 months of 4 intravitreal bevacizumab injections, mean visual acuity change increased by 4.0 lines at 12 months and 4.4 lines at 7 months. Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection causes a significant decrease in central retinal thickness and improvement in visual acuity in eyes with CNV due to AMD for 12 months.
남성 노인의 순발력, 유연성에 따른 대사증후군의 유병률과 임계값에 관한 연구
김용환 ( Young Hwan Kim ),송성일 ( Sung Ll Song ),이혜영 ( Hye Young Lee ),지혜미 ( Hae Mi Jee ),김주찬 ( Joo Chan Kim ),이한준 ( Han Joon Lee ),고덕한 ( Duk Han Ko ),김소정 ( So Jung Kim ),김신애 ( Shin Ae Kim ),정진욱 ( Jin Wook 대한스포츠의학회 2010 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.28 No.2
The purpose of the study was to find out the age-adjusted odds ratio of the metabolic syndrome and the associated cut-off values of the physical fitnessfactors of the elderly males in their 60s and 70s. 477 participants were tested for the cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), power, flexibility as well as blood battery and abdominal circumference for the metabolic syndrome status. As a result, 32.2% of the participants had metabolic syndrome with the associated cut-off values of the power and flexibility as 29.0 cm (areas under curve [AUC]: 0.57, p=0.029) and 0.6 cm (AUC: 0.54, p=0.028), respectively. The cardiorespiratory fitness showed no significant difference prevalence rate between groups. The prevalence rate was calculated by dividing the participants into high and low groups. The metabolic syndrome prevalence rate for the low power group was 1.63 (p<0.030) and low flexibility group was 2.01 (p<0.002). The cardiovascular fitness showed no significant prevalence rate.
한국남성의 복부 비만과 건강체력이 동맥경화도에 미치는 영향
김용환 ( Yong Hwan Kim ),지혜미 ( Hae Mi Jee ),송성일 ( Sung Il Song ),김주찬 ( Joo Chan Kim ),고덕한 ( Duk Han Ko ),진영수 ( Young Soo Jin ) 대한스포츠의학회 2012 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.30 No.1
The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between waist circumference, muscular strength, flexibility, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Furthermore, the cut-off values of the physical fitness factors according to the baPWV were also calculated. The study was derived with total of 1,562 males (1,116 middle-aged and 446 old-aged). They were tested participant`s baPWV, waist circumference, cardiopulmonary fitness, grip strength and flexibility. The results of this study is that the baPWV of the middle-aged men did not show significant changes in relationship with the waist circumference and physical fitness factors. The old-aged group with normal abdominal fat and high physical fitness level (group 4) showed significant baPWV values in comparison to those with waist circumference and low physical fitness levels (group 1); cardiorespiratory fitness p=0.026, grip strength p=0.000, flexibility p=0.000. The cut-off values of the physical fitness such as cardiorespiratory fitness, grip strength, flexibility according to the baPWV were 31.2 mL/kg/min (area under curve [AUC], 0.692; p=0.027), 37.0 kg (AUC, 0.588; p=0.014), and 1.0 cm (AUC, 0.589; p=0.014), respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness as well as muscular strength and flexibility effect inversely on arterial stiffness.