Transport Characteristics of Cd, Cu and Zn in a Sewage Sludge-Treated Calcareous Soil

이상모,조재무,Lee, Sang-Mo,Cho, Chai-Moo 한국토양비료학회 1999 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.32 No.4

하수오니 처리 석회질 토양에서의 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 수송 특성을 조사하기 위하여 하수오니 무처리 토양, 하수오니 50과 100 ton $ha^{-1}$ 처리 토양 및 하수 오니를 대상으로 용출현상 (elution development)과 혼성치환 (miscible displacement) 기술을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 하수오니 50과 100 ton $ha^{-1}$처리 토양의 Cd, Cu 및 Zn 의 용출곡선 (elution curve)과 출현곡선 (breakthrough curve)은 하수오니 무처리 토양의 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 용출곡선 및 출현곡선과 거의 비슷하였다. Cd, Cu, 및 Zn 10 mg을 처리한 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 용출곡선은 Cd, Cu 및 Zn을 처리하지 않았을 때의 용출곡선과는 거의 비슷하였으나, Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 50 mg을 처리한 용출곡선과는 크게 달랐다. Cd, Cu 및 Zn 혼합용액 500과 $1000mg\;L^{-1}$을 이용한 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 출현곡선은 서로 비슷하였으나, Cd, Cu 및 Zn 혼합용액 $100mg\;L^{-1}$을 이용한 출현곡선과는 크게 달랐다. 실험에 사용한 석회질 토양에서 하수오니 50과 100 ton $ha^{-1}$ 처리량은 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 수송특성에 큰 영향을 주지 못하였으며, Cd와 Zn의 수송특성은 서로 비슷하였으나 Cu의 수송특성은 Cd 과 Zn의 수송 특성과는 크게 달랐다. A controlled column study using elution development and miscible displacement was conducted to assess heavy metal transport characteristics in sludge-untreated soil ("Control"), soil treated with an equivalent of sludge 50 and 100 dry ton $ha^{-1}$ ("Soil-Sludge mixtures"), and sewage sludge ("Sludge"). The elution curves (ECs) and the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for Cd, Cu and Zn in sludge 50 and 100 dry ton $ha^{-1}$ treated soils are not different from the sludge-untreated soil, The ECs for Cd, Cu and Zn in soil column which received a pulse of 10 mg of each Cd, Cu and Zn were similar to those of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil column which had no Cd, Cu and Zn added, but were very different with the ECs for Cd, Cu and Zn in soil column which received a pulse of Cd, Cu and Zn containing 50 mg of each metal. On the other hand, the BTCs for Cd, Cu and Zn in soil columns that were eluted with 500 and $1000mg\;L^{-1}$ of mixed solution of Cd, Cu and Zn were similar to each other, but were distinctly different with the BTCs for Cd, Cu and Zn in soil column that was eluted with $100mg\;L^{-1}$ mixed solution of Cd, Cu and Zn. Sewage sludge applied at rates of 50 and 100 dry ton $ha^{-1}$ did not affect the transport characteristics of this calcareous soil. The apparent mobility for this sludge treated soil and sludge is: Cd >Zn>Cu. The transport characteristics of Cd and Zn are similar to each other, but are different from those of Cu.

Kinetic Study of Cadmium Adsorption by Sewage Sludge

이상모,티분고,Lee, Sang-Mo,Goh, Tee-Boon 한국토양비료학회 2000 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.33 No.1

하수 오니에 의한 Cd 의 흡착반응을 조사하기 위하여, Cd의 처리농도 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 및 $50{\mu}g\;Cd\;ml^{-1}$를 달리하여 흡착실험을 수행하였으며, 반응시간 (흡착 반응 후 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 4.5, 6.6, 8.5, 12.5, 24.5 및 48.5 h) 별로 Cd 의 농도를 구하여 흡착반응의 속도상수를 계산하였다. 모든 처리 농도에서 처음 반응시간 30분 이내에 처리 한 Cd의 약 95% 가 흡착되었다. 초기의 빠른 1단계 Cd 흡착반응 후에는 1차 가역 반응식으로 기술할 수 있는 1단계 반응보다는 느린 2단계의 Cd 흡착 반응이 일어났다. 1차 가역 반응식으로 기술할 수 있는 2단계의 Cd 흡착 반응의 속도상수는 $-0.137{\sim}-0.521h^{-1}$의 범위로서 Cd처리 농도가 증가할수록 속도상수는 감소하였다. 흡착 반응에서 평형에 도달하는 시간 (약 6-24 h) 이나, 평형에서의 Cd 의 흡착량 (약 $276-2720{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) 또는 흡착되지 않고 용액에 남아있는 Cd의 농도 (약 $60-400{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) 도 Cd 의 처리 농도에 의하여 결정되었다. 즉 Cd 의 처리 농도가 증가할수록 평형에 도달하는 시간, 흡착량 및 평형 농도는 증가하였다. 하수 오니에 의하여 흡착된 Cd 의 일부는 시간이 경과함에 따라 하수 오니로 부터 방출되었으나 그 양은 전체 Cd 흡착량에 비하면 매우 적었다. To investigate the adsorption-desorption reaction of Cd by sewage sludge, the adsorption of Cd from $Cd(NO_3)_2$ solutions of concentrations ranging from 5 to $50{\mu}g\;Cd\;mL^{-1}$ by sewage sludge was examined for reaction periods up to 48 hours. The amount of Cd adsorbed as a function of time was measured. The adsorption between Cd in solution and the solid phase could be described by two stages. The initial adsorption of Cd was very rapid, that is, approximately 95% of the added Cd was removed from solution within the first 30 minutes. Further, the greater the concentration of Cd added, the greater was the amount of Cd adsorbed. After the rapid initial decrease of Cd, a slower decline in the Cd concentration resulted which followed first order reversible kinetics. The equilibrium concentrations for the reactions, as well as the time period for the equilibrium reactions were dependent on the initial Cd concentrations. If equilibrium is reached, the amount of Cd remaining in solution is greater when the amount adsorbed is higher, although the percentage of Cd in solution is constant relative to the initial concentration of Cd. Some of the adsorbed Cd was released back to solution since the concentration of Cd after 48 hours was higher than the equilibrium concentration of Cd. However, despite the increased amount of Cd measured, the overall net reaction was a significant adsorption of Cd from solution by sewage sludge.

기회의 땅, 베트남 Inside

이상모,Lee, Sang-Mo 벤처기업협회 2007 벤처다이제스트 Vol.113 No.-

중질소 추적자법을 이용한 Condensed Molasses Solubles(CMS) 함유 NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>의 토양 중 행동 연구

이상모(Sang-Mo Lee),최우정(Woo-Jung Choi),윤석인(Seok-In Yun),최영대(Young-Dae Choi),노희명(Hee-Myong Ro),박지원(Jee-Won Park) 한국토양비료학회 2002 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.35 No.2

연구간척지 토양에서 15 토양 침출액을 이용한 포화침출액의 전기전도도 추정

이상모(Sang Mo Lee),류순호(Sun Ho Yoo) 한국응용생명화학회 2001 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.44 No.3

N/A

Dry Matter Yield and Nutrients Uptake of Sorghum×Sudangrass Hybrid Grown with Different Rates of Livestock Manure Compost

Sang-Sun Lim(임상선),Sang-Mo Lee(이상모),Seung-Heon Lee(이승헌),Woo-Jung Choi(최우정) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.4

가축분 퇴비 시용 수준에 따른 수수×수단그라스 (S×S hybrid)의 수량 및 양분 (N, P)흡수 변이를 조사하기 위해 전남대학교 부속 농장 초지에서 3반복 난괴법으로 실험을 실시하였다. 6개 처리 (무비구, 화학비료관행구, 퇴비 1, 2, 4, 6 수준)를 두었는데, 화학비료관행구의 비료 처리량은 질소 20 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP>과 인산 20 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>이고, 가축분 퇴비는 6 수준을 기준시비량 (20.2 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP>과 21.6 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>)으로 두고 퇴비 1, 2, 4 수준은 그 비율대로 감비하였다. 처리 90일 후 최종 지상부 건물중과 양분 (N, P) 흡수량을 조사하였다. 화학비료 처리구의 건물중 (2.4 kg m<SUP>-2</SUP>)과 질소 (38.3 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP>) 및 인산(15.3 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>) 흡수량이 가장 높았으며, 퇴비 시용량이 증가함에 따라 건물중과 양분 흡수량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.01). 하지만, 퇴비 4와 6 수준의 건물중은 각각 1.9 kg m-2<SUP></SUP>과 1.8 kg m<SUP>-2</SUP>으로 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 가축분 퇴비 단독 시비로는 화학비료와 대등한 건물 생산이 어려울 것으로 판단되었다. 양분흡수효율 분석 결과에 의하면 퇴비의 인산흡수효율이 화학비료보다 높았기 때문에, 퇴비를 인산 급원으로 시용하고 부족한 질소는 농가의 비료자원 수급 가능성과 목표수량을 고려하여 액비, 화학비료, 녹비 등으로 공급하는 것이 적절한 시비 전략으로 판단된다. To investigate the growth and nutrient uptake response of sorghum×sudangrass (S×S) hybrid to different rate of livestock manure compost, a field experiment was conducted in the experimental grassland of Chonnam National University. Six treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with triplicates; control (no input), synthetic fertilizer (20 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP> and 20 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>), compost 1 (3.4 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP> and 3.6 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>), compost 2 (6.8 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP> and 7.2 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>), compost 4 (13.4 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP> and 14.4 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>), and compost 6 (20.2 g N m<SUP>-2</SUP> and 21.6 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>). Ninety days after treatment, above-ground parts of the plants were harvested and measured for dry matter yield (DMY) and amounts of nutrients (N and P) uptake. Synthetic fertilizer application achieved the greatest DMY (2.4 kg m<SUP>-2</SUP>) and nutrient uptake (38.3 g N m-2<SUP></SUP> and 15.3 g P₂O5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>). Increasing compost application rate tended to enhance DMY accumulation and nutrient uptake (P<0.01), but DMYs of compost 4 (1.9 kg m<SUP>-2</SUP>) and 6 (1.8 kg m<SUP>-2</SUP>) treatments were not different. Therefore, it was suggested that application compost alone may not achieve DMY of S×S hybrid compatible to synthetic fertilizer application. As nutrient uptake efficiency data showed that availability of compost P could be better than SF, it might be a strategy to apply compost as P source with supplementary N application such as liquid manure, SF or green manure if necessary considering availabilityof N input and the yield goals.

증례보고 : 급성 대상포진 환자에서 성상신경절에 박동성 고주파술을 이용한 치료경험

이상모 ( Sang Mo Lee ),박천희 ( Choon Hee Park ),김원태 ( Won Tae Kim ),이철승 ( Cheol Seung Lee ),최준석 ( June Seong Choi ),김정률 ( Jung Yul Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.52 No.5

Herpes zoster represents the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus located in the dorsal root ganglion. The virus multiplies and migrates to the skin surface producing a characteristic, usually painful, pustular eruption. Severe pain during the acute phase of herpes zoster has been associated with a higher risk of developing postherpetic neuralgia. Sympathetic ganglion block and somatic nerve block have been used for patients in the acute phase of herpes zoster to alleviate pain and prevent postherpetic neuralgia. Sympathetic nerve block appears to achieve these goals by blocking the profound sympathetic stimulation that is a result of the viral inflammation of the nerve and ganglion. However, they require repeated local anesthetic injections to relieve the symptoms of acute herpes zoster as well as to prevent the occurrence of postherpetic neuralgia. Pulsed radiofrequency has been proposed as safe, nondestructive treatment method. We present a case of acute herpes zoster that was managed with pulsed radiofrequency treatment. The results were satisfactory. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 52: 586~90)

Kinetic Study of Cadmium Adsorption by Sewage Sludge

Sang-Mo Lee(이상모),Tee-Boon Goh(티분고) 한국토양비료학회 2000 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.33 No.1

중년기 남성들의 규칙적인 운동으로 인한 혈청지질의 변화

이상모(Sang Mo Lee),정연수(Youn Soo Jung) 한국사회체육학회 1997 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of the study is to know the relation chronic exercise to the change of serum lipid, a factor of the disease of adult people. The subjects were 17 healthy men in their 50s and proceeded the exercise for 12 weeks at the 70% of their maximal heart rate. The training frequency was 5 times a week and exercise time was 30 minutes. Measured three times, before the training, after 6-week training, and after 12-week training and repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The results are 1. Triglyceride and total cholesterol are reduced significantly after 12-week training comparing with them before the training(p<.001) 2. High density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol are also reduced significantly after 6-week training, 12-week training respectively comparing with them before the training(p<.001). 3. Hemoglobin was reduced significantly after 6-week training, 12-week training respectively comparing with it before the training(p<.001). In conclusion, when the subjects continued doing exercise for 12 weeks at the intensity of 70% of their maximal heart rate, the serum lipid was changed reducing significantly. Accordingly, the training intensity and duration of this study will notice the sedentary weekers in their 50s the importance of chronic exercise.

수도재배포장에서 침투수의 Urea-N , NH<SUB>4</SUB>-N 및 NO<SUB>3</SUB>-N 의 농도변화

이상모(Sang-Mo Lee),류순호(Sun-Ho Yoo),김계훈(Kye-Hoon Kim) 한국토양비료학회 1995 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.28 No.2