Iconicity in English Lexical Category Phrases and Sentential Complementation from a Generative Perspective

Kyu-Hong Hwang(황규홍) 한국생성문법학회 2006 생성문법연구 Vol.16 No.3

  The generative view of autonomy of syntax has been criticized by most cognitive-functional grammarians and claimed to be incompatible with or unable to account for iconicity that exits in natural human languages. Given this, this paper attempts to explain some iconic aspects in English syntax from a generative perspective in an effort to argue against this cognitive-functional criticism. After examining "structure-concept iconicity" in lexical category phrases and sentential complementation in Newmeyer"s (1992, 1998) sense, I propose the following generative principles of iconicity, embellishing Hwang"s (2005) idea: (ⅰ) when a head is modified by multiple adjuncts, the fewer maximal projections of the head there are between the head and the adjunct, the closer the semantic relation between them is; (ⅱ) when a verb takes minimal pair/set clausal complements, the fewer and morphologically poorer functional heads(C and T) there are between the matrix verb and its clausal complement, the closer the semantic relation between them is. I then claim that Haiman"s (1983, 1985, 1994)"s iconicity of distance, a sub-principle of structure-concept iconicity, is compatible with generative grammar, to a large extent, in that it is well represented structurally in generative grammar outlined in Chomsky (1995, 2001, 2005): the semantically closer the two syntactic objects are, the more local their syntactic relation is in the light of hierarchical structure.

A Usage-based Paradigmatic Construction of Over

Cheng Lin,황규홍(Kyu-Hong Hwang) 한국영미어문학회 2021 영미어문학 Vol.- No.141

By virtue of categorization and prototype theories, cognitive semanticists have proposed different models for the polysemy of over since the 1980s. However, the previous studies are problematic in both theory and method. To improve them, this paper argues for usage-based research to construct the polysemy of over in the paradigmatic dimension, following Lin and Hwang’s (2021) analysis of the syntagmatic construction of over. Based on Saeed’s (2016) contextual distinction between vagueness and ambiguity, it proposes an ambiguity analysis, where the fuzzy boundary of two related senses of a lexical polysemy can be interpreted in terms of ambiguity. Drawing on usage-based lexico-grammatical evidence generalized from BNC data, this study sorts out six basic level senses/usages of over. Then, a comparative analysis is made between “above-across” and “covering” usages, of which the result shows that “above-across” over is more typical than “covering” over from the usage-based perspective. What’s more, it also supports a possible connection between the two usages, since “covering” over resembles the “horizontally resting on” association of “above-across” over in both form and meaning.

미국 메인 스트리트 프로그램의 전문가 인증 프로그램 고찰

황규홍(Hwang, kyu-Hong),고지영(Ko, Ji-Yeong) 한국주거학회 2017 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.29 No.1

The urban regeneration educational programs needs to be systematically developed considering the expertise, locality, and inclusiveness. However, the existing the urban regeneration educational programs in Korea has the limitations in improving the quality of experts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the expert certification program of the "Main Street America" in the United States and to find out how to apply it the domestic expert certification program. The data for the analysis was collected through literature review using the academic databases. The collected data were analyzed on the basis of the operating organization system, a program operation principle, and the expert certification system characteristics. The implication of a expert certification program of "Main Street America" were the diversity of the educational program contents and a educational method through the urban regeneration projects, the organizational operating system, and the four-point approach(organization, promotion, design and economic restructuring). This study gives implications of the establishment for the national urban regeneration expert certification program.

植物病 豫察을 위한 局地氣象觀測의 自動化

황규홍(Kyu-Hong Hwang),윤진일(Jin-Il Yun),박은우(Eun-Woo Park) 한국기상학회 1994 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.30 No.4

The Structure of Causative Verb Complements in English

Hwang Kyu-Hong(황규홍) 새한영어영문학회 2006 새한영어영문학 Vol.48 No.3

Given that little attention has been paid to the syntactic aspects of Causative Verb Complements (CVCs) in English, this paper aims to examine various syntactic phenomena of such CVCs from a generative perspective. In particular, it lays focus on their constituency, category, and case valuation of their DP subjects. It has been claimed that the CVC of [DP, VP] is a single unit and the DP is the subject of the CVC. Supporting evidence for this claim comes from many syntactic facts: coordination facts, binding phenomena, the behaviors of subject-oriented idioms and adjuncts, the occurrence of expletives, facts about the floating emphatic reflexive, not-initial DPs, and alone-final DPs. After arguing against previous CP and VP analyses of the CVC, I have proposed that CVCs are clausal constituents with the category of TP whose head T is defective, laking ∮ -complete in the sense of minimalist syntax. With respect to the case valuation of the CVC subject, it has been stressed that the overt subject is an active Goal but cannot be valued by the Tdef of the CVC under Chomsky's (1995, 2000, 2001, 2005) Agree Theory. Then, the subject has been said to agree with the matrix light verb v and receive an accusative case value, as in typical ECM constructions.

서리상습지 배 과수원에서의 야간 냉각 특성

황규홍(Kyu Hong Hwang),이정택(Jeong Taek Lee),윤진일(Jin Il Yun),허승오(Seung Oh Hur),심교문(Kyo Moon Shim) 한국농림기상학회 2001 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.3 No.4

Cooling rate shows the highest as about 0.7℃/hr on spring season and the lowest as about 0.3℃/hr on september at plain place. The correlation coefficient between net radiation and cooling rate from sunrise to sunset was 0.63, It became higher to 0.90 when the wind speed decreased lower than 0.5m/sec, and it decreased as the wind speed increased. On a clear and calm day, cooling rates were observed as 1.4℃/hr on the plain (site 1, 2, 3), 1.2℃/hr on the slope (site 4, 5) and 0.6℃/hr on the top of mountain (site 6). In condition of the wind speed is 1.2~2m/sec on a clear and calm day and the temperature on the top of mountain is lower than that of slope and plain, the temperature on the slope (site 4, 5) was increased unlike our expectation.

The New Development in English Grammar: The Rise of Singular ‘They’

Kyu-Hong Hwang(황규홍) 새한영어영문학회 2019 새한영어영문학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

영어 문장형식에 대한 논항구조적 접근

황규홍(Hwang, Kyu-Hong) 새한영어영문학회 2016 새한영어영문학 Vol.58 No.4

In 2008’s revised educational curriculum for foreign languages, Quirk et al.’s(1985) seven patterns of English sentences are introduced as essential sentence forms. However, it seems that most Korean English learners and educators are not familiar with the seven-pattern system, still sticking to Onions’(1904) traditional five-pattern system and that there exist some theoretical and empirical problems with both of the systems. Given this, this paper examines the problems of the five- and seven-pattern sentence analyses and advances these proposals based on the matrix verb’s argument structure and some syntactic evidence: (i) the conventional SVOC pattern, where C is a small clause or an NP followed by the infinitive without to, should be analyzed as an SVO pattern; (ii) sentences containing a verb followed by [NP + to-infinitive] are an SVO pattern when the verb is a two-place predicate but an SVOO pattern when the verb is a three place-predicate; (iii) in the ECMed sentences, the postverbal NP, the subject of the embedded clause, raises to the matrix clause and serves as its object; (iv) obligatory adverbials should be taken into account and such patterns of SVA and SVOA need to be recognized and taught properly.

A Labeling Algorithm Approach to Infinitive Complements in English

Hwang, Kyu-Hong(황규홍) 새한영어영문학회 2016 새한영어영문학 Vol.58 No.1

This paper examines the structure of infinitive complements in English and aims to show how they are derived in accordance with Chomsky’s (2013, 2014) Labeling Algorithm. It first demonstrates that at the stage of merging the embedded subject with its TP, the infinitive complement of raising predicates is labeled as TP, while that of control predicates is labeled as 〈ϕ, ϕ〉. As to infinitive complements of perception and causative verbs, it is said based on empirical evidence that they are TPs and as in the ECM construction, their subjects agree with the matrix V with an agreement feature inherited from the matrix v. As a result, the derived structure is labeled as 〈ϕ, ϕ〉 at the point of merging the embedded subject and the matrix VP, the embedded T being defective.

The Origins and Development of the Classical Word Class System

Hwang Kyu-Hong(황규홍) 새한영어영문학회 2004 새한영어영문학 Vol. No.

모국어 및 외국어 교육 그리고 언어 연구에 있어서 품사(/문법 범주)는 중요한 역할을 한다. 전통적으로 대부분의 영문법학자들은 영어에 8 품사가 존재하며 이러한 품사체계는 고대 그리이스어와 라틴어 문법에서 유래되었다고 주장한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 영어의 8 품사체계의 기원과 발달과정을 서구 언어학 연구의 통시적 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 전통적 품사체계의 기원과 발달과정을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 플라톤이 처음으로 명사와 동사를 구분 지었고 아리스토텔레스가 여기에 접속사를 첨가했으며, 초기 스토아학파 학자들이 아리스토텔레스의 접속사를 접속사와 관사로 다시 양분하였다. 이러한 4 품사 체계를 후기 스토익 학자들이 병사를 고유명사와 보통명사로 세분화하고 부사를 첨가하여 6 품사 체계를 완성하였다. 그리고 알렉산드리아 문법가인 아리스타커스가 후기 스토익 시대에 양분된 명사를 통합하고 전치사, 대명사, 분사 등을 첨가하여 현재까지 널리 사용되고 있는 8 품사 체계를 구축하였다. 라틴어 문법학자들은 관사 대신에 감탄사를 독립된 품사로 인정하고 나머지는 그대로 그리이스어 품사체계를 수용하였다. 반면에 프리스틀리가 18세기 초에 분사를 형용사로 대치한 이후 대부분의 초기 영문법학자 및 현대 영문법학자들은 그리이스어 및 라틴어 문법에서 비롯된 전통적 8 품사 체계를 받아들였다.