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수돗물 부식성 제어를 통한 수도관 부식방지 : 부식억제제별 효과와 영향에 대한 분석
박영복 ( Young-bog Park ),박주현 ( Ju-hyun Park ),박은희 ( Eun-hee Park ),이진숙 ( Jin-suk Lee ),김현돈 ( Hyen-ton Kim ),최영준 ( Young-june Choi ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Chung ),허유정 ( Yu-jeong Huh ),최인철 ( In-cheol Choi ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2016 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.15 No.6
The tap water used in Seoul was found to be corrosive. Its corrosivity was effectively reduced by that the additions of alkali agent such as NaOH, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and corrosion inhibitor such as H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. For the corrosion test, carbon steel pipe 50 m long was exposed to the drinking water produced by a pilot plant at 36.5 ℃, similar to the existing process where it takes about 20 minutes to reduce the initial chlorine content of 0.5 ㎎/L to 0.05 ㎎/L. CO<sub>2</sub> and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> was added not only to control the Langelier index (LI) above -1.0 and but also, to increase the duration time of residual chlorine by about 6 times. The persistence effect of residual chlorine was in the order of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> > Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> > NaOH. Measurements of weight loss showed that corrosion inhibition was effective in order of Ca (OH)<sub>2</sub> > H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> > NaOH > no addition, where the concentrations of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and phosphate were 5 ~ 10 ㎎/L (as Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and 1 ㎎/L (as PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>), respectively.
수도관 부식에 대한 잔류염소 농도 영향 및 부식제어 방안
한금석 ( Keum-seok Han ),박주현 ( Ju-hyun Park ),박영복 ( Young-bok Park ),김성재 ( Seong-jae Kim ),김현돈 ( Hyen-don Kim ),최영준 ( Young-june Choi ),최인철 ( In-cheol Choi ),홍성호 ( Seong-ho Hong ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2018 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.17 No.1
Langelier Index (LI) is used as a tap water corrosiveness index. Residual chlorine in tap water induces corrosion inside water pipes. This study takes a deeper look into the effect of residual chlorine in water pipes. Comparison between tap waters of Y and K water treatment plant (WTP) shows that the LI index of K WTP is lower than that of Y. However, the corrosion rate of Y WTP is higher than that of K WTP. This means that the higher the concentration of residual chlorine in tap water, the higher the corrosion rate of pipe materials. When calcium hydroxide was added to tap water, the corrosiveness index was improved and thus the corrosion rate reduced. It is possible to increase the disinfection efficiency by increasing the duration of residual chlorine and suppressing the rust generation of water pipes and to supply minerals. A guideline for corrosion control with residual chlorine should be set up. The effects of residual chlorine should be included in the corrosiveness index of tap water.
Effects of Production of Ever-bearing Strawberries Using Cool Air from Mushroom Cultivation House
Yun-Kyeoung Jeoung(정윤경),Ju-Hyen Park(박주현),Tae Moon Ha(하태문),Young-Suk Lee(이영석),Myeong-Hoon Seo(서명훈),In-Chul Kim(김인철) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2019 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.28 No.1
버섯재배사에서 방출되는 CO₂를 함유한 15oC-20℃의 공기를 딸기재배 하우스에 자동적으로 포집하고 전달하는 자동제어 시스템을 개발하였다. 2017년 6월부터 다양한 위치에서 온도변화를 수집한 결과, 고설베드 딸기하우스의 평균온도는 주간과 야간 온도가 각각 33℃ 와26℃인 반면 3단 이동식베드는 26℃ 와 21℃ 수준이 유지되어 있었다. 버섯재배사의 CO₂ 함유 농도는 800-1,600 ppm 수준이었다. 3단 이동식베드에 처리한 딸기의 생육특성중 엽수와 관부직경은 무처리구인 고설베드에 비해 유의성 있는 차이가 있었으며, 고온기 정상과와 기형과의 착과특성 또한 3단이동식베드가 고설베드에 비해 유의성 있게 양호한 상태유지가 되어 과실특성인 과장과 수량이 2배이상 높은 경향을 보였다. 이에, 고온기에 버섯재배사에서 방출되는 시원한 공기 활용으로 딸기의 관부주변과 엽온의 온도가 정상생육 수준으로 유지가 되어 사계성 딸기품종을 국내에서도 재배할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. We designed a system that can automatically collect, convey, and control cool air of 15℃-20℃ containing carbon dioxide from a mushroom cultivation house to a strawberry plastic house. We recorded the temperature at various positions from July to August 2017. The average temperature of the green house during day and at night was maintained at 33℃ and 26℃, respectively. In the moveable three-tier cylindrical bed, the average temperature around root was maintained at 26℃ and 21℃ during day and at night, respectively. On the high-bench in the green house, the temperature was maintained at 32℃ and 30℃ during day and at night, respectively. The carbon dioxide concentration was maintained around 800-1,600 ppm in the mushroom cultivation system and 400-800 ppm in the strawberry plastic house. The growth characteristics of the strawberry treated with moveable three-tier cylindrical bed were significantly different from those of the untreated high-bench bed. In addition, during the summer season, moveable three-tier cylindrical bed showed more tendency to increase in normal fruit number (NFN) and to decrease in defective fruit number (DFN) compare to the high-bench bed. Therefore, the moveable three-tier cylindrical bed showed a tendency to be more than 2 times higher yields than that of the high-bench bed. It was confirmed that everbearing strawberry cultivars could be cultivated in green house due to the cool air supply from the mushroom cultivation system in the summer season.
먹는물 중 Formaldehyde 분석방법 비교 및 적용성 평가
이연희 ( Youn Hee Lee ),박주현 ( Ju Hyun Park ),양미희 ( Mi Hee Yang ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ),정현미 ( Hyen Mi Chung ),허유정 ( Yu Jeong Huh ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.1
In this study, the Korean standard method for unregulated drinking water containments was compared with internationally accredited standard methods. As a result of comparing various derivatization conditions, it was found that the derivatization time could be shortened from 2 hours to 30 minutes and that the reaction temperature could be decreased from 35±2oC to the room temperature. Formaldehyde (FA) derivatives (FA-PFBHA, FA-DNPH) were determined by GC/ECD, GC-MS and UV/VIS. The PFBHA-UV/VIS method was suggested as a substitute of the DNPH-UV/VIS approach. Blank samples were controlled more easily by the application of the PFBHA-UV/VIS method than of the DNPH-UV/VIS. In order to compare FA-DNPH and FA-PFBHA derivatization methods using HPLC/UV, bottled water was employed to assess the applicability to real samples. The assessment found that the correlation coefficients of the two methods were above 0.9. The use of spectrophotometer was considered another approach to determining FA in aqueous solution. Yellow FA compounds were determined while ammonium salt was contained in the same solution. An automated spectrophotometric analyzer was also tested. The result showed that this approach was highly applicable.
김근수,민병대,박수정,오정환,조익환,장석재,김지혜,박상민,박주현,정현미,안태영,정원화,Kim, Geun-Su,Min, Byung-Dae,Park, Su-Jeong,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Cho, Ik-Hwan,Jang, Seok-Jea,Kim, Ji-Hae,Park, Sang-Min,Park, Ju-Hyun,Chung, Hyen-Mi,Ahn, Tae-Yo The Microbiological Society of Korea 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.4
정수처리 시설에서 급 배수관으로 많이 사용되는 스테인리스관과 동관에 형성되는 생물막의 특성에 대해 16주 동안 조사하였다. 생물막 반응기는 실제 배급수관의 구조와 유사하게 설계하였으며, 정수처리장으로 유입되는 상수원수와 약품혼화 응집수, 침전수, 여과수, 처리수를 사용하였다. 평균 종속영양세균수는 $1.6{\times}10^4CFU/ml$, $5.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.3{\times}10^2CFU/ml$, 1 CFU/ml로 각 처리 과정을 거치면서 감소하였다. 스테인리스관과 동관에 형성된 생물막 세균수는 원수, 응집수, 침전수에서 2주만에 $2.9{\times}10^3CFU/cm^2$ 이상으로 증가하였고, 동관보다 스테인리스관에서 생물막 세균수가 높게 검출되었다. 여과수(평균 잔류염소 0.44 mg/L)에서는 두 관 재질에 따른 생물막 세균수의 명확한 차이는 없었으며, 5주 이후부터 두 관재질 모두 $18CFU/cm^2$ 이하의 생물막 세균이 검출되었다. 정수(평균 잔류염소 0.88 mg/L)에서는 두 관 재질 모두 생물막 세균이 검출되지 않았다. DGGE 분석결과, 원수, 응집수, 침전수에서 스테인리스관은 Sphingomonadaceae가 우점이였고, 동관에서는 Bradyrhizobiaceae와 함께 Sphingomonadaceae도 우점이였다. 여과수의경우, 5주차 이후 스테인리스관과 동관에 형성된 생물막에서 Propionibacterium sp., Sphingomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 등과 유사한 16S rRNA 유전자 서열을 가지는 밴드들이 검출되었다. 종 풍부도 및 다양성은 동관에 비해 스테인리스관이 더 높게 나타났다. Biofilm formed on stainless and copper in water treatment plant was investigated for sixteen weeks. Biofilm reactor was specially designed for this study. It was similar to that of a real distribution pipe. Raw water, coagulated, settled, filtered and treated water were used in this study. The average number of heterotrophic bacteria counts was $1.6{\times}10^4CFU/ml$, $5.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.3{\times}10^2CFU/ml$, 1 CFU/ml, respectively. Density of biofilm bacteria formed on stainless and copper pipes in raw, coagulated and settled water increased above $2.9{\times}10^3CFU/cm^2$ within second weeks while more biofilm bacteria counts were found on the stainless pipe than on the copper pipe. In case of filtered water (free residue chlorine 0.44 mg/L), there was no significant difference in the number of biofilm bacteria on both pipes and biofilm bacteria below $18CFU/cm^2$ were detected on both pipe materials after fifth weeks. Biofilm bacteria were not detected on both pipe materials in treated water (free residue chlorine 0.88 mg/L). According to the results of DGGE analysis, Sphingomonadacae was a dominant species of biofilm bacteria formed on the stainless pipe while the copper pipe had Bradyrhizobiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae as dominant bands. In case of filtered water, a few bands (similar to Propionibacterium sp., Sphingomonas sp., Escherichia sp., and etc.) that have 16S rRNA sequences were detected in biofilm bacteria formed on both pipes after fifth weeks. Stainless pipe had higher species richness and diversity than the copper pipe.