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석남 이경성(石南 李慶成, 1919-2009)의 뮤지엄 인식과 실천
이인범(Lee, Ihn Bum) 한국근현대미술사학회 2011 한국근현대미술사학 Vol.22 No.-
The intention of this essay is to give light on Lee Kyung-Sung(1919-2009)’s museum related activities. He was born in Incheon in 1919 when the March First Independence Movement occurred. He had been grown up under the Japanese Imperialism in his youth, and since the age of 26 when he had become the director of Incheon Municipal Museum after gaining independence from Japan, he was solely in the field of museum establishment until his death in 2009. Lee particularly contributed much in establishing the National Museum of Contemporary Art Korea and its process of settlement. What motivated him to be involved in the activities for the museum in Korea where the field was so barren and alien? What was the value he was seeking for while concentrating on the task of museum establishment throughout his whole life? How do his activities in the field associate with the national development of museum system, formation of nation-state and the worldwide development of museum system after the Second World War? These questions are the starting points of this writing. His activities in the field began amid the flow of the Western invasion on the East and Japanese colonization of Korea. Being immersed in ‘the fine art’ was his way of transcending the unfortunate reality of the nation, and therefore working on the issue of museum system became his place of act. As soon as gaining liberation from the Japanese regime, he served as a director of Incheon Municipal Musuem, which is recorded as the nation’s first public museum that was both established and managed by him. After that, Lee worked as a staff in museums of Ehwa Woman’s University and a director of Hongik University respectively. And subsequent to the April 19 Revolution, he derived a conclusion for establishing the National Museum of Contemporary Art Korea ? in 1986, he directed and developed schemes for the settlement of the museum as a director, pioneering a public realm for the fine art in Korean society for the first time. As he set an objective for going beyond the ill-fated Korean historic reality during the modern period, his perception and practice regarding the museum in the field of fine art was first designed to focus on forming ‘subjectivity’ within the formation of nation-state, which was foundered during the colonial era. So the concept of ‘rationalization’, ‘modernization’ and ‘globalization’ were taken into account, paving the road for a public realm in the fine art by the establishment of National Museum of Contemporary Art. In that respect, Lee’s vision and practice for museum establishment was anchored in reality of the time, and his lifelong commitment in the activities were closely related to the task of forming a nation-state. It is doubtlessly the fact that the field he strived for was no one ever stepped into before him during the postwar years in Korea. His task of objective was that of Louvre Museum signifies the symbol of the French Revolution in one hand; and since then the museum contributed to the internalization of the revolutionary spirit, modern museum system in the West function as a project in order to form a nation-state or to overcome the difficulty it faces in other hand. Given that points, Lee’s activities in the field of museum establishment provide interesting comparisons to be explored with the cases. However, what kind of ‘modern fine art’ he actually sought for with the application of ‘rationalization’, ‘modernization’ and ‘globalization’ is still remained as an issue.
이승택의 ‘비(非)-조각’에 대하여: 기록 사진과 ‘포토-픽쳐’의 틈
이인범 ( Ihn-bum Lee ) 한국미학예술학회 2021 美學·藝術學硏究 Vol.64 No.-
1956년 인체 조각으로 데뷔한 이래 이승택은 조각뿐만 아니라, 드로잉, 회화, 대지예술, 설치, 퍼포먼스, 사진 등 다양한 장르에서 실험적인 활동을 펼쳤다. 그리고 그 실험성은 ‘비조각’ 개념으로 언급되어 왔다. 이승택의 청장년기 작업은 서구 근대 ‘조각’ 개념을 대상으로 한 예술적 실험이라는 점에서 ‘비조각’으로 다루어질 만하다. 그런데 1980년대 이후 그의 실험들은 조각 개념과 무관한 문화인류학적 오브제나 퍼포먼스 등 다양한 삶의 영역들에까지 확장되고 있다. 그런 점에서 후기 작업들까지 아울러 ‘비조각’ 개념 아래 거론할 수 있는지는 의문이다. 조각-비조각 같은 이분법적 접근으로는 재료, 기법 등 매체적 문제나 장르, 제작 연도 같은 기초적인 정보 확정도 어려운 경우가 적지 않다. 예컨대, 설치나 퍼포먼스로 취급된 작품들 중 적지 않은 것들은 재료로 그 기록 사진들을 활용하였을 뿐, 엄밀한 의미에서 기록 사진이 아니라 다만 그 위에 덧칠되거나 콜라주, 몽타주하여 재구성된 이미지들인 경우가 허다한 ‘포토-픽쳐’이다. 따라서 ‘비조각’이라는 단정 아래 논의 해온 이승택의 예술 세계를 그 발생사적 전후 관계, 작품 형식이나 기록에 대한 면밀한 검토를 바탕으로 새롭게 해석해야 할 여지가 적지 않다 Seung-Taek Lee has attracted attention in the Korean art world with experimental artworks, since he made his debut through a sculptural work in 1956. The experimental nature of his work has been referred to as a concept, ‘non-sculpture’ after he contributed his essay, “The origin of my non-sculpture” to a art magazine in 1980. However, the considerable errors are found in the relevant records of his works of art. Sometimes there are so many problematic errors in basic records of his works, especially documentary photography or the records of artwork such as the names, year of production, materials, techniques, size and etc. These errors not only make it difficult to identify the historical context between each works and his interaction with other artists, but also caused great confusion the understanding of his artworks. His performances and installations, which have been active since the 1980s, have been discussed through the photographic images. By the way many of them are not just records of objects or events but have been painted or collaged on photographies. Therefore taking it as an index that dictated actual works and characterizing them as an extension of the concept of ‘sculpture’ or its symmetrical concept ‘non-sculpture’. These Seung-Taek Lee’s photography works should be called his own ‘Photo-Picture’.
약학회담(藥學會談) : 일반의약품 설명서의 이해도와 적정 사용가능성 평가
이인향 ( Iyn Hyang Lee ),이형원 ( Hyung Won Lee ),제남경 ( Nam Kyung Je ),이숙향 ( Sukhyang Lee ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
A product labelling is one of key tools in ensuring that a patient uses drugs safely and effectively in self-care without professional support. This study aimed to explore the readability and comprehensibility of the information contained on two package inserts of medicines. Two package inserts were tested with first year college students. Fifty-one potential consumers underlined words they could not understand and answered 10 scenario questions. Any differences among groups with different characteristics were statistically tested. Secondly, the readability of two package inserts was assessed with comparison to the level of the 6th grade Korean textbooks. As results, more than 80% of participants properly replied to straightforward questions concerning indication, dosage, duplication, use in pregnancy and contraindication, and 73% about formulation. Less than half answered correctly in multiple choice questions about pediatric use (41%) and side effects (35%). Little discrepancy was observed in the comprehensibility between participants` characteristics. Drug inserts contained about 20% more professional-level words than 6th grade textbooks. In conclusion, Korean consumers may face challenges to understand drug information due to professional terminology and outdated expressions in the current package inserts. To secure safe and effective use of over-the-counter agents, greater efforts should be made to develop more consumer friendly labels. In the other hand, educational supports are required to prepare consumers in a proper level of knowledge for the safe use of drugs.
이인하(In-Ha Lee),장원석(Won Suk Jang),김태일(Tae Il Kim),김현숙(Hyun Sook Kim),남명현(Myeong Hyeon Nam),이희철(Hee Chul Lee),이병주(Byung Joo Lee),오상근(Sang-Keun Oh) 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.6
‘하이베리’ 품종은 충남농업기술원 딸기연구소에서 2018년도에 육성한 촉성재배용 신품종이다. 경도가 높아 과실 수출에 용이하고, 봄철 고온기에도 품질이 유지되는 품종을 육성하기 위해 경도가 높은 ‘NS071608’ 계통을 모본으로 하고 맛과 향이 좋은 ‘대왕’을 부본으로 하여 2013년에 인공교배를 실시하였다. 2014∼2017년 실생선발, 특성검정, 생산력검정을 거쳐 ‘논산12호’로 계통명을 부여하고, 2018년에 ‘하이베리’로 명명하였다. ‘하이베리’ 품종은 초형이 직립형이고 초세가 왕성하다. 잎은 진한 녹색이며, 엽육 두께가 두껍고 엽형은 타원형이다. 과실의 과형은 원추형이고 과색은 선홍색을 띤다. 정화방의 화수는 13개이고 평균 과중이 16 g으로 대과형 품종이다. ‘하이베리’의 상품수량은 2,623 kg·10a<SUP>-1</SUP>으로 ‘설향’의 97% 수준이다. 화경장이 37 cm로 길며 화방이 기부에서 갈라지는 형태를 나타낸다. 과실 경도는 15.3 g·mm<SUP>-2</SUP>으로 ‘설향’의 11.7 g·mm<SUP>-2</SUP>보다 3.6g·mm<SUP>-2</SUP> 더 단단하고 봄철 늦게까지 수확이 가능하다. 당도는 10.1°Brix으로 ‘설향’의 9.5°Brix보다 0.6°Brix 높다. 병해충 저항성은 시들음병에 강하나 흰가루병과 점박이응애에 약한 편이다. A new strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) cultivar ‘Highberry’ was developed by Strawberry Research Institute of Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services for forcing culture in 2018. In order to breed a new cultivar that is favorable to export with high fruit firmness and maintain the fruit quality during warm temperatures in the spring season, ‘Highberry’ originated from a cross between an unreleased selection ‘NS071608’ (female parent) with high firmness and ‘Daewang’ (male parent) with good taste and fragrance in 2013. In 2014-2017, it was originally named ‘Nonsan No. 12’ by conducting seedling selection, growth characteristics and production trials in forcing culture, and it was renamed ‘Highberry’ in 2018. ‘Highberry’ shows an erect plant type and vigorous growth habit. The leaves are dark green and thick and the leaf shape is elliptic. Fruits are conical type; fruit color is red. The first cluster of ‘Highberry’ has 13 flowers, and it is a large fruit size cultivar with an average fruit weight of 16 g. The marketable yield of ‘Highberry’ was 2,623 kg·10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, which is 97% of that of ‘Sulhyang’. The flower stem length of ‘Highberry’ was 37 cm long and is divided into two stems from the bottom. Fruit firmness of ‘Highberry’ was 15.3 g·mm<SUP>-2</SUP>, which was 3.6 g·mm<SUP>-2</SUP> higher than 11.7 g·mm<SUP>-2</SUP> of ‘Sulhyang’ and can be harvested until late spring. The soluble solids content of ‘Highberry’ was 10.1°Brix, which was 0.6°Brix higher than that of ‘Sulhyang’. ‘Highberry’ is resistant to Fusarium wilt but susceptible to powdery mildew and two-spotted spider mites.
추파 야생화초지의 생육특성, 계절개화분포 및 식생변화에 관한 연구
이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee),이병철(Byong Chul Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2010 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.30 No.3
본 연구는 추파 야생화초지의 생육특성, 계절분포 및 식생비율을 구명하고자 충남대학교 내 초지시험포장에서 2007년 10월부터 2009년 12월까지 수행하였다. 공시초종은 기본초종인 잔디형 목초로 Sheep fescue (Azure)와 야생화 초종으로는 국내산 야생화 4종과 외국산 야생화 29종 등 총 33종을 공시하였다. 야생화의 초장은 7~52 ㎝ 범위이었고, 꽃 색은 6~10가지로 다양하게 개화되었으나 8월부터 11월까지 개화초종, 꽃 색, 개화지속기간 등이 편중되는 양상이 나타났다. 이러한 양상은 월동 후 2년차 (2009)에 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타나 야생화의 꽃색, 계절분포 및 영속성이 문제시 되었다. 야생화초지의 연평균 식생비율은 야생화, 잔디형 목초 및 잡초가 각각 파종 후 1년차 (2008)에 20%, 67% 및 13%이었고, 2년차 (2009)에는 각각 16%, 72% 및 12%로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 추파 야생화초지의 경우, 파종당년은 물론이고 특히 월동 후 2년차에 일년생야생화의 감소로 인한 꽃 색의 다양성, 계절분포 및 영속성을 유지할 수 있는 방안이 시급하다고 하겠다. The purpose of this study was to suggest the growth characteristics, seasonal distribution and botanical composition of wildflower pastures. The experimental wildflowers were 34 species (1 turfgrass species, 4 native wildflower species and 29 introduced wildflower species). The experiment was administered in the Chungnam National University experimental field from October, 2007 to December, 2009 and the result is as follows: The length of the wildflowers was within the range of 7-52 ㎝ and they bloomed into six to ten colors but the species of blooming wildflowers and flower colors and blooming periods were simplified during from August to November. Their tendencies were obviously observed two years later (2009) but among them especially the colors, seasonal anthesis distribution and continuation of wildflower became a problem. The botanical composition of wildflowers, turfgrass, and weeds came to 20%, 67%, and 13% each one year later (2008) and two years later (2009) 16%, 72%, and 12% each. Being grounded upon this result, in case of wildflower pastures of autumn seeding, it is more important to maintain the color, seasonal distribution, and permanence of wildflowers occurring due to annual wildflower reduction after wintering in two years, let alone in the establishment year.
이인모,이승주,이주공,이대혁,Lee, In-Mo,Lee, Seung-Ju,Lee, Joo-Gong,Lee, Dae-Hyuck 한국터널지하공간학회 2002 터널기술 Vol.4 No.3
The purpose of this study is to figure out the tendency of tunnel convergence during excavation and to present a methodology for the prediction of a fault zone ahead of a tunnel face by analyzing three dimensional displacements in various ways. 3-D numerical analysis was performed to investigate changes of tunnel convergence vectors near a fault zone and to propose a flow chart for predicting fault zones. Results of the site investigation and results of trend line analysis of in-situ data were compared to verify the usefulness of a trend line analysis. It is concluded that the orientation of faults can be predicted by using stereonets and the direction of initial stresses can be predicted from the arm length of a displacement vector as a tunnel approaches fault zones. The results of the trend line analysis coincided with those of the site investigation, and a methodology for the prediction of a fault zone was proposed. 본 연구는 터널 굴착시 막장 전방의 지반변화를 사전에 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 막장 전방에 파쇄대가 방향성을 가지고 존재 할 때 터널의 3차원 해석을 통하여 터널의 내공변위의 변화 경향을 살펴보았으며, 이를 통하여 막장전방의 지반 변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 이러한 터널의 내공변위의 변화는 경향선과 영향선을 이용하여 표현할 수 있으며 이를 이용하여 막장 전방에 존재하는 파쇄대를 예측하고자 하였다. 수치해석 결과에 의하면 막장전방에 파쇄대가 존재 할 경우 막장이 파쇄대에 접근할 수록 급격한 경향선의 변화가 나타난다. 또한 파쇄대가 방향성을 가지고 있는 경우에는 경향선의 급격한 변화 외에 측벽부의 변위 경향이 비대칭을 이루므로 인하여 평사투영도 상에 나타난 변위가 비대칭을 형성하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 수치해석결과에 의한 내공변위 해석결과를 현장 계측 자료와 비교하였으며, 현장에서 계측한 오차를 줄일 수 있도록 계측데이터가 정규분포 한다고 가정하여 현장데이터를 분석한 결과 막장전방의 파쇄대의 존재 유무를 파악할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Streptococcus faecium M74ㆍLC에 의한 L-α - Glycerophosphate Oxidase의 생산
이인애(In-Ae Lee),이은숙(Eun-Sook Lee),이준우(June-Woo Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2003 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.32 No.5
L-α-glycerophosphate oxidase(GPO)는 L-α-glycerophosphate를 산화시켜 dihydroxyacetone phosphate와 과산화수소의 생성을 촉매시켜 주는 효소로서 혈중에 존재하는 triglyceride의 양을 측정하는 kit를 개발하는데 이용할 수 있으며 본 연구 결과로 종균을 개발 및 확보하였으며, 이 종균의 사용으로 GPO의 발효공정기술을 확립하였고, 또한 이들 조효소로부터 순수한 효소를 생산할 수 있는 정제공정 기술을 확립하였다. 먼저 ATCC에서 네 가지 균주와 KCTC에서세 가지 균주, 그리고 본 연구실에서 분리한 Streptococcus faecium M_(74)ㆍLC 균주 등 8가지 균주의 성장상태를 비교하고 GPO의 역가를 측정해 본 결과, 배양액 1 L당 ATCC 19634는 65 units, ATCC 12755는 60 units, S. faecium M_(74)ㆍLC는 67 units로 S. faecium M_(74)ㆍLC가 제일 높은 역가를 생산하였다. 또한 발효조에서 배지의 양을 3 L로 하여 배양온도는 37℃, 교반속도는 300 rpm, 통기량은 0.5 L/min, 17시간 배양하였을 때 가장 많은 양의 균체가 생성되었으며, GPO의 생산량도 가장 많았다(256 units/L). 이때 배지 조성은 glucose 0.1%, glycerol 0.2%, tryptone 1.0%, yeast extract 1.0% 및 K₂HPO₄ 0.5%로 하여 배양하였고 GPO의 정제공정은 염투석 분획과 이온 교환수지 공정으로 대별할 수 있으며, 이온교환수지는 DEAE-cellulose 칼럼을 이용한 정제수율은 약 47%를 얻을 수 있었다. The objective of this study was to search for the best strain as a source of L-α-glycerophosphate oxidase (GPO) production and to establish the process technology for the purification of GPO on an industrial scale. The GPO was produced by culturing Streptococcus faecium, and purified by ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The relative activity was 60 units/L for S. faecium ATCC 12755, 65 units/L for S. faecium ATCC 19634, and 67 units/L for S. faecium M_(74)ㆍLC, respectively. The optimum condition for fermentation was 37℃ for temperature, 300 rpm for stir rate, 0.5 L/min for aeration rate and 17 hours. The main culture medium prepared by the modified AC medium. AC medium consists of 0.1% glucose, 0.2% glycerol, 1.0% tryptone and 1.0% yeast extract, 0.5% K₂HPO₄, pH 7.0. The GPO was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion exchange column chromatography. The yield and purity were 17.2% and 5.3 fold, respectively.