농식품 환경 분야(PF) : PF-01 ; 농산물 및 토양 중 중금속의 생물농축계수 및 위해성 평가

노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

Excessive accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soil affect food quality and potential health risks to human. Therefore, the Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) of metal(loid)s from soil to plant is important. The BCF is an indicator of metal(loid)s in soil and a factor that quantifies the bio-availability of metal(loid)s to agricultural crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential health risks of heavy metal(loid)s (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and As) in 17 pairs of soil and agricultural crops. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of heavy metals from soil to vegetables were estimated, and Potential health risks were evaluated by calculating the hazard index (HI). Regression analysis was used to predict the relationship of total and HCl-extractable concentration with vegetables contents of heavy metal(loid)s and health risk. The result showed that HCl-extractable concentration of heavy metal(loid)s in soil was more influenced on transfer ability to vegetables and resulting health risk through vegetables intake than total concentration. Furthermore, HQ of targeted contaminants and HI were estimated much below 1.0 in risk assessment.

HPLC-ICP/MS 와 ICP/MS를 이용한 FAPAS 07187 쌀의 총비소, 무기비소, 카드뮴 측정

노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim12 ),김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),박기문 ( Ki Moon Park ),류지혁 ( Ji Hyock Yoo ),김두호 ( Doo Ho Kim ),이영자 ( Y 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

Metal (loid)s such as environmental contaminants affect food safety. Metal (loid)s exist trace extremely in agriculture products. Therefore it is important to analyze accurately about trace these metals. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. So ISO(International Organization for Standardization) of laboratory proficiency testing is determination of laboratory testing performance by means of inter-laboratory comparison. The values have been derived as a consensus of a number of laboratories using a variety of methods. Proficiency tests were applied to analyze the metal(loid)s [inorganic arsenic (As), total As and cadmium (Cd)] in powdered rice FAPAS 07187 (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme; February-April 2013). The rice powder sample was extracted with 1% HNO3 for inorganic As for microwave-assisted extraction using water at 95℃ for 90 min and their analysis by HPLC/ICPMS. Also, HNO3 for total As and Cd using microwave-assisted extraction using at 200℃ for 50 mins and analysis by ICP/MS. Validation check was performed for accuracy using CRM (NMIJ CRM 7503-a) for inorganic As, and CRM (IRMM-Rice CRM) for total arsenic and cadmium. The result were satisfactory. FAPAS 07187 the z-scores of inorganic As, total As and Cd in powdered rice were-1.8,-0.9 and 0.2(lzl<2, respectively).

농작물 재배지 토양 내 비소, 카드뮴 및 납의 농산물로의 생물농축계수 산출

김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),김두호 ( Doo Ho Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

The transfer of heavy metals from soil to plants under conditions of soil pollution is a process of significant importance, because it is considered as the main pathway of human exposure to heavy metal through foodchain. BioConcentration Factor (BCF) is an indicator of heavy metal mobility in soils and a factor that quantifies bioavailability of heavy metals to agricultural products. BCF is defined as ratio of heavy metal concentration in vegetable (dry weight) to that in soil (dry weight). This study was carried out to measure the transfer ability of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead(Pb) from soil to agricultural products. We investigated heavy metals (As, Cd and Pb) concentrations in 8 agricultural products (sesame leaf, spinach, chinese cabbage, lettuce, chinese chive, ginseng, deodeok, balloonflower) as well as in cultivated soils. BCF for heavy metals from soil to vegetables for three elements including As, Cd, and Pb was calculated based on total soil concentration. The result showed that BCF values was calculated average 0.006∼0.026 (As), 0.015∼1.395 (Cd), 0.015∼0.076 (Pb). The mean BCF value was the highest as ginseng 0.026 in As, balloonflower 1.395 in Cd, chinese chive 0.076 in Pb. It were dependent on the vegetable type and species. Root vegetables are showed higher than leafy vegetables in As and Cd. We found that BCF are useful in predicting the uptake of heavy metals. Further study of uptake and accumulation mechanism of toxic metals by agricultural products will be required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.

용액의 이온강도와 종류에 따른 토양 중금속 추출성 및 작물 흡수와의 상관성

류지혁 ( Ji Hyock Yoo ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김린환 ( Lin Hwan Kim ),( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),김두호 ( Doo Ho Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

This study was conducted to investigated the extractability of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ba) in polluted soils depending on ionic strength of dilute salt solutions, the kinds of dilute acid solutions and relationship between metal content in soils and the content in crop. We used 5 different upland soils polluted mainly with Pb and the ranges of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ba content were 0.1-0.5, 41.5-271, 10.8-82.5, 26-110 and 15.7-89.3 mg/kg, respectively. To determine directly available metal content to plant, 0.01 M and 0.002 M Ca(NO3)2 solutions were used. The Cd, Pb, Zn and Ba content extractred with 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 solution were 1-5.5 times higher than that of 0.002 M Ca(NO3)2 extraction, however, Cu content from 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 extraction was only 70-80% of 0.002 M Ca(NO3)2 extraction, showing no effect of different ionic strength on Cu extractability. To extract active metal pool in soils, two kinds of dilute acid solutions were used. The solutions were 0.43N HNO3 used in European country including the Netherlands and 0.1 N HCl mainly used in Asian county including Korea and Japan. For Pb and Cu, the extracted content using 0.43N HNO3 were 1.7-3.4 times higher than that of 0.1 N HCl, however, the content of Cd, Zn and Ba from the two solutions showed little differences for each element. The study soils were filled in the pots and radish was grown to see correlations between extractable metal content in soils and the content in radish at harvest. The relationships between Ca(NO3)2 extractable Cd, Zn and Ba in soils and the content in radish were significant (Pearson r=0.84-0.91) irrespective of ionic strength but the relation for Cu was not significant (r=0.27). For Pb, r=0.55 in case of 0.002 M Ca(NO3)2 extraction but there was no relation for 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 extraction. The correlation between two dilute acid extractable Ba and Ba in radish was significant (r=0.7), however, for other elements the relations were low (r≤0.45). The relationships between soil and radish were well linked with plant uptake factors (PUF) of Cd, Pb and Zn, however, a significant relation of Ba was not matched with low PUF (0.0024) suggesting that another factor might interact with Ba uptake by plant within soil-soil solution-plant system.

Study on Antimony Uptake and Translocation by some crops

Ji-Hyock Yoo(류지혁),Won-Il Kim(김원일),Woo-Ri Go(고우리),Hyun-Myung Noh(노현명),Lin-Hwan Kim(김린환),Doo-Ho Kim(김두호) 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.10

농식품 환경 분야(PF) : 쌀의 세척 조건에 따른 무기비소의 영향

김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),김경진 ( Kyung Jin Kim ),노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김지영2 ( Ji Young Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

Rice can easily accumulate arsenic into its grain. The aim of this study was to evaluate inorganic Arsenic content by washing and cooking rice. Arsenic speciation was performed on different rice types (white polished and brown Rice) that had undergone various forms of cooking. The effect of rinse washing method and cooking, as well as steaming, were investigated. The rice samples were established the six arsenic species (Arsenite, Arsenate, Monomethylarsonic acid, Dimethylarsinic acid, Arsenobetaine, Arsenocholine) content by washing and cooking in water by ICP-MS using HPLC. The washing rice did effectively remove inorganic arsenic for the rice, by 37~57% respectively, compared to uncooked (raw) rice. To reduce arsenic content of cooked rice, specifically the inorganic component, rinse washing and high volume of cooking water are effective.

농산물과 토양에 대한 Perchlorate 함량 및 생물농축계수 산출

김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김두호 ( Doo Ho Kim ),박기문 ( Ki Moon Park ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

염소산화물의 일종인 Perchlorate는 물에 쉽게 용해되고 화학적으로 안정하여 쉽게 분해되지 않는 성질을 가지고 있어 토양, 지하수, 지표수 등을 오염시킨다. Perchlorate에 오염된 토양이나 물 을 농업용으로 사용하게 되면 농산물 또한 Perchlorate에 오염된다고 보고되고 있다. Perchlorate에 오염된 농산물을 섭취함으로써 인체도 Perchlorate에 노출되게 되는데 인체가 Perchlorate에 노출되 면 갑상선 기능저하 및 영유아에게는 성장발달에 영향을 끼치는 등 위해성의 범위가 매우 크다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 국내에서 재배하고 있는 농산물과 토양에 대한 Perchlorate의 함량 및 생물농축계수를 산정하기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 시료채취는 전국 각 생산지에서 농산물 및 토양을 함께 수거하였으며 조사 대상 시료는 곡류 3종(쌀, 보리, 옥수수), 채소류 7종(콩류, 상추, 호박, 상추, 깻잎, 부추, 토마토), 과일류 3종(사과, 배, 감귤)으로 선정 하였다. 농산물의 분석은 시료의 수분함량에 따라 저수분 시료는 1% 아세트산과 아세토니트릴으로 추출하였고 고수분 시료의 경우에는 1% 아세트산으로 추출하였다. 추출한 시료는 원심분리 후 카트리지를 이용해 정제를 거 친 후 여과하여 LC-MS/MS로 분석하였다. 토양시료는 증류수를 이용해 24시간 추출하여 원심분리 후 여과하여 LC-MS/MS로 분석하였다. 확립된 분석방법에 대한 유효성 검증 결과 회수율은 87.72∼ 111.26%로 나타났으며, 재현성 및 반복성은 RSD 1.67∼5.33%로 나타났다. 농산물과 토양에 대한 Perchlorate함량 분석결과를 토대로 생물농축계수를 산정하였으며, 생물농축계수(BCF: BioConcentration Factor)의 산정은 Cp(농작물 내 Perchlorate 농도, DW mg/kg) / Cs (토양 내 Perchlorate 농도, mg/kg)로 계산하였다. 농산물 함량은 채소류 0.52∼23.06 μg/kg, 곡류 0.19∼7.46 μg/kg, 과일 류 0.19∼21.42 μg/kg으로 나타났으며, 토양 함량은 채소류 0.34∼12.60 μg/kg, 곡류 N.D∼ 16.13 μg/kg, 과일류 0.82∼1.25 μg/kg로 나타났다. 생물농축계수는 깻잎>귤>옥수수>시금치>부 추>상추 순으로 나타났으며 채소류에서 전이율이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

05 포스터 발표 : 토양환경 분야PS-12 ; 쌀 주산단지 재배 현미의 중금속 흡수이행 및 생물농축계수 산정

정선희 ( Seon Hee Jeong ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),고우리 ( Woo Ri Go ),허은진 ( Eun Jin Huh ),( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),유지혁 ( Ji Hyock Yoo ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

토양오염물질 중 중금속은 토양내 유입되면 이동성이 적고 장기간 축적되어 작물의 생육저해 및 먹이연쇄계를 통하여 인축에 피해를 준다. 중금속 오염지의 환경위해성평가는 오염물질의 인체 노출 경로로 농작물섭취, 음용수 섭취, 토양 섭취, 토양 및 음용수 피부접촉, 비산먼지 흡입을 산정하고 있는데 이 중 농작물섭취에 의한 인체 노출량은 농산물의 일일 섭취량과 농산물 중 오염물질농도 산정하여 추정하는데 현재 이에 대한 국내 자료는 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 쌀주산단지 거주 주민의 위해 정도를 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 국내 생산되는 쌀의 중금속 흡수이행 정도를 파악하여 생물농축계수를 산정하였다. 쌀의 중금속 생물농축계수 산정은 국내 쌀 생산량이 상위권인 전국 16개 시군 쌀 주산단지를 대상으로 시군별로 2~6점의 시료 채취가 가능한 지점을 선정하여 토양시료와 동일 지점에서 재배한 쌀을 총 82개 지점에서 채취하여 시료로 사용하였다. 생물농축계수(BCF)의 산정은 BCF = Cp(농작물내 중금속농도, DW mg/kg) / Cs(토양농도, mg/kg)로 계산되었다. 조사 쌀의 평균 BCF값은 As는 0.101, Cd는 0.121, Cu는 0.399, Hg는 0.061, Ni는 0.033, Pb는 0.010, Zn은 0.473 등으로 조사되었다. 원소별로 구분해 볼 때 Hg, Ni,Pb 등은 가식부위로의 전이율이 낮은 반면 작물의 필수 영양성분의 일종인 Cu, Zn이 전이율은 높게 나타났다. 이 결과는 국내 중금속 오염지역의 환경위해성 평가체계를 구축하는데 국내 기초자료로 활용코자 한다.