감염성 안질환의 원인균 및 항생제 감수성에 대한 10년간의 고찰

최현태,이동욱,안민,조남천,유인천,Hyun Tae Choi,Dong-Wook Lee,Min Ahn,Nam Chun Cho,In Cheon You 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.7

Purpose: To investigate the ocular regional incidence, causative species and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with infectious ocular disease whose causative organism was isolated. Methods: A total of 519 eyes in 519 patients with infectious ocular disease, who were diagnosed by smears and cultures from January 2000 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age of the 519 patients was 54.0 years, and 66.1% of the patients were male. The most common systemic disease was diabetes mellitus. The most common previous ocular disease was keratoconjunctivitis. Specimens were most frequently swabbed from the cornea, where 81.2% were bacteria isolates and 18.8% fungi isolates. The most prevalent causative organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the most prevalent fungus was Fusarium species. Vancomycin, ceftazidime, and fourth-generation fluoroquinolone maintained high antibiotic susceptibility. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were increasing near the end of the reference period, and endophthalmitis was more common in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Conclusions: Identifying the causative organism in infectious ocular disease by smears and cultures is essential. More effective treatment of infectious ocular disease would be possible by analyzing the frequent organism, clinical manifestations, and antibiotic susceptibility. More caution is necessary due to the increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(7):934-940

신탁(信託)의 구조(構造)로 본 신탁유사법리(信託類似法理)에 대한 고찰(考察)

최현태 ( Hyun Tae Choi ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2011 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.1

현재 신탁에 관한 많은 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 신탁의 본질을 재고함으로써 나타날 수 있는 근본적인 문제점들에 대해서는 논의가 소홀해지고 있는 듯하다. 하지만 여전히 신탁관계의 큰 틀을 바라보는 관점에 따라 해석이 틀려질 수 있는 여지가 많은 부분들이 다수 존재하고 있음은 부인할 수 없을 것이다. 신탁관계를 바라보는 다양한 시각들에서도 다음의 세 요소는 공통적으로 인정될 만한 것인데 신탁의 성립상의 요건에서 추출되는 위탁자로부터 수탁에게의 재산의 이전, 타인의 재산관리와 그에 따른 수탁자 권리의무 및 규제, 수익자가 가지는 수익권이 그것이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 신탁의 법률관계 내에서 큰 틀을 구성하는 부분들과 그것들에서 나타나고 있고 나타날 수 있는 몇 몇 중요 문제들을 신탁의 성립요건을 통해서 살펴보았다. 그리고 그러한 특징들이 민사법상의 신탁의 법적성질과 유사한 모습을 나타내는 제도들과 어떻게 구별되어지는 지에 대해서 검토해 보았다. 이에 대한 논의는 영미법계의 대표적 산물이라고 할 수 있는 신탁의 기본관계가 대륙법계 법제도의 어딘가와 정합적 관계를 이룰 수 있는 것인지를 판단하기 위한 전제이자, 신탁의 기초적인 법적성질이 무엇인가의 문제와 연결되므로 앞으로 이 점에 대한 보다 깊은 검토가 요구된다. More than many other areas of law, trust is primarily a based subject. Namely, trust is historically a foundation even from in law of United Kingdom and United States of America. Of course, About the research of trust is increasing more and more in a Korea. This study is related to the similar legal theory of trust under civil law system. Once a trust is set up in principle permanent. Trust in trust law is a legal relationship between the person who sets up the trust, the settler, and the person who secures the trust, the trustee, where the settler transfers or disposes of certain property right of his to the trustee in other ways and has the trustee to manage and dispose of the property right for a particular person`s, the beneficiary`s, benefit or for a particular purpose based on a special trust relationship between the settler and the trustee. Furthermore, the various legal theories with divine trust are similar. However essentially is different there is a possibility of knowing the thing. Hence, from such foundation, I have tried to observe decision and statutes relating trust in United Kingdom and United States of America To solute this problem, investigated multi point in connection with it, In my humble opinion, this study would seem to be meaningful for flexibility and elasticity of trust.

집합건물 구분소유권자와 단체적 구속

최현태(Choi, Hyun-Tae) 한국재산법학회 2011 재산법연구 Vol.28 No.1

In case defines conceptually, the multi-owned building or condominium is the whole collection of individual home units along with the land upon which they sit. And the divided ownership refers to a relationship by which two or more individuals exercise an exclusive control over a specific part of one building. Article 1 of Multi-owned Building Act prescribes, ""In the event that a separated part of one building can be used as an independent article, it may be an object of ownership according to the provisions of this Act"". Multi-owned buildings are many questions have been result in to whether administration of such properties are governed under the Ownership and Management of Multi-owned Building Act. The Multi-owned Building Act about right and duty of the individual dividing owner about fact and their collective life is providing all facts. Of course, the Act is providing even about use and benefit and disposition of the Multi-owned building. But to these provisions are exist the few thing criticism. There is a problem three provisions to of the namely next. ⅰ) When applying 1 of Art. 24 of Multi-owned Building Act meaning and criterion of this provision ⅱ) With the effectiveness of a rule and the criteria for judgment ⅲ) The right protection of individual dividing owner which opposes in reconstruction resolution. To be short, these are the thing about infringement and limit of the right of ownership of the individual in compliance with restriction by an association. In conclusion, this study presented the Legal Problems of Multi-owned Building under the Act in Korea. I look forward to discussing further of this point at issue. And this study will become reference in future research. 주거환경의 계속되는 변화로 새롭고 다양한 내용의 권리관계가 형성되고 있다. 특히 그 중에서도 여러 사람이 공동으로 하나의 건물을 사용ㆍ수익하고 나아가 건물의 일부분을 전유하는 구분소유관계가 일반화되었다. 이런 사회적 현상에 따라 하나의 건물에 대한 구분소유관계를 규율하기 위해 집합건물법이 제정되었다. 집합건물법은 각각의 구분소유자의 권리의무에 관한 사항은 물론이고 구분소유권자간의 공동생활에 관한 제반사항들을 정하고 있다. 즉 구분소유의 대상이 되는 건물을 사용, 수익하는 것에 대한 부분을 정하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 구분소유자가 각각 소유권을 가지는 것으로 보는 전유부분에 대한 권리의무에 대해서도 정하고 있다. 하지만 이들 규정에서는 몇 가지 논란이 될 만한 점들이 나타난다. 그 중에서도 단체적 구속에 따른 私소유권의 침해 및 그 한계와 관련하여 의문을 불러일으키는 몇 가지 규정들의 해석이 중요한 의미를 가진다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 어떤 구분소유자의 소유권행사가 공동생활의 영위하고 있는 목적인 공공의 이익에 반하는 경우나 혹은 그 반대로 다수 구분소유자의 구분소유권에 대한 결정이 소수 구분소유자의 이익을 제한하는 경우에 있어 나타날 수 있는 문제점 세 가지를 중심으로 검토해보았다. 구체적으로, 첫째 집합건물법 제5조 제1항의 의미와 당해 규정을 적용시 논란이 될 수 있는 판단기준에 관한 사항, 둘째 집합건물에 단체의 합의에 의한 규약이 마련되어 있지만 구체적 사안에서 규약의 유효성이 문제될 경우 그 적용상의 한계, 셋째 재건축 결의와 관련해 나타나고 있는 개별 구분소유권자의 권리와 단체적 구속 사이의 이해관계의 합리적 조절에 관한 것에 대해 살펴보았다. 집합건물법이 규율하고 있는 것은 시민의 주거권 및 주거환경과 관련하고 있는 만큼 현실의 새로운 현상들에 대해 지속적인 연구의 시도가 이루어지길 기대한다.

피성년후견인의 신상 보호와 자기결정능력 존중

최현태(CHOI, Hyun Tae) 인하대학교 법학연구소 2013 法學硏究 Vol.16 No.2

새로운 무능력자 보호제도가 도입됨에 따라, 이와 관련한 논의가 활발해져 왔다. 개정 전행위무능력자제도가 행위무능력자들에 대한 미흡한 보호로 인해 비판을 많이 받아왔던 만큼, 새로운 제도에 대한 기대 또한 클 수밖에 없다. 본 논문에서는 무엇보다도 성년후견제도를 중심으로 해서, 이러한 기대에 부응하여 피성년후견인의 실질적 보호를 얼마만큼 이룰 수 있을 것인가에 대한 고찰의 답으로 성년후견제도가 가지고 있는 이념인 피성년후견인의 신상보호의 영역에서의 자기결정능력의 존중의 조화가 필요함을 강조하고자 한다. 개정 민법은 제947조에서 피성년후견인의 자기결정능력 존중 실현의 전제로 피성년후견인의 자기결정능력 여하의 판단에서부터 신중을 기해야 함을 규정하고 있는데 이것은 개정민법이 후견인이 후견사무를 수행함에 있어 피후견인의 의사를 존중해야 할 의무가 있음을 명시함으로써 피성년후견인의 자기결정능력 판단에 신중해야 함을 표시한 것일 뿐만 아니라, 잔존한 자기결정능력을 최대한 존중할 것임을 선언한 것이라 평가할 수 있다. 이 같은 관점에서라면 제947조의2 제1항 및 제3항에 따른 피성년후견인의 의료행위와 관련한 동의권 문제나 성년후견 선고를 받지 못했거나 성년후견 선고 심판 중인 경우에 있는 의사결정무능력자 등의 요보호성년자들에서 나타나는 의료행위의 동의권 대행에 대한 판단문제에서도 어느 정도 일관성 있는 답을 얻을 수 있음을 기대한다. 결국 성년후견제도의 도입을 하고자 했던 본래의 가치나 목적을 이루기 위해서는 인간의 존엄성 존중을 정점으로 하여, 요보호성년자에게 의사결정능력이 있는 경우에는 의사결정능력 존재 추정 원칙에 따라 자기결정권의 존중을 가장 우선하여야 하고, 의사결정능력이 일부 결여 시에는 잔존능력 존중을, 그리고 의사결정능력 결여시에는 본인의 최선의 이익을 고려하는 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 조화롭게 해석할 것이 요구된다. The amendment of the Korean Civil Code will take place as soon as July 1, 2013. One of the most important issues related to adult guardianship system is a part. Through more than 100 new provisions, the revised Civil Code fundamentally reformed the guardianship system to establish a system to meet the diverse and complex needs of those who need a guardian and ensure due process. About the effectiveness of this new system, we have great expectations. Note the words, around the world in developed countries, a guardianship system has been historically implemented a long time ago. The old Civil Code has received a lot of criticism that it does not provide legal consideration to protect the incompetent persons. Therefore, we needed to introduce systems to protect the aged persons whose judging capacity and physical ability are deteriorated and those who are mentally and physically disabled. So, in the new adult guardianship system requires rigorous evaluation system of mental capacity under the ideas of respect of self-determination and utilization of residual ability of the adult wards. As a result, Judgment of guardianship commencement requires careful procedures to ensure due process for an adult ward as it restricts his or her capacity and property management and thus influences significant effects on his or her interest. Therefore, when we make a decision about capacity of self-determination of an adult ward, the more careful and more stringent standards should be judged for welfare of an adult ward. Above all, the adult guardianship system has to include basic viewpoint such as harmony of respect of self-determination capacity and serious consideration of personal welfare.

의사결정(意思決定)의 반대수익자(反對受益者)를 위한 신탁수익권매수청구권(信託受益權買受請求權) -일본(日本) 신신탁법(新信託法)의 검토(檢討)를 중심(中心)으로

최현태 ( Hyun Tae Choi ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2009 법학논총 Vol.26 No.4

The Trust law will be amended by Ministry of Justice. There are some considerable contents in relation to translation of Trust. In particular, it is significant issue that the protections of the beneficiaries which belong to minority party. In this dissertation, I will inquire into the way of protection through following issues. ⅰ)What is the meaning of `a beneficiary right` which has the beneficiary? ⅱ)If the beneficiaries are in large part, and where a property in trust was divided or merged, what is the way of decision among the beneficiary? ⅲ)What is the legal protection for the party who appeals against the decision above-mentioned or the beneficiaries which belong to minority? ⅳ)What is a controversial point on the assumption that `a Appraisal rights of the dissenting beneficiary` will be introduced? I wish that this discussion will be a lively argument.

가맹사업거래계약상 가맹본부의 제3자에 대한책임법리와 소비자보호

최현태 ( Hyun Tae Choi ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2014 법학논총 Vol.31 No.1

Franchising is one of the most efficient ways to expand of business or to make a profit. Now the importance of the franchising is on the increase in Korea. Because of this situation and the increasing legal issues of Franchising, it is to conduct research about a legal relation not only between a franchisor and a operator/franchisee but also between them and a third party, e. g. consumer. The first legal issue is concentrated in the relationship between the franchisor and the operator/franchisee- Information offering and nonperformance of obligation about the release of information- Termination of franchising contract and return of franchise deposit- One-sided modification of franchising contract and a cancellation of the modification- Refusal to renew a contract and a cancellation of the Refusal- Demand to franchising contract fulfillment- Unfair profits The second legal issue is concentrated by consumers. From the point of view of them, it is very important who is suing, if they are in legal trouble. Commonly the franchisor controls his operator/franchisee. Therefore, consumers often confuse contract opponent, properly speaking, the franchisee with the franchisor. For the solution to the second legal issue, this paper focuses on the sense of the control from franchisor and on the meaning of independence from the point of view of the operator/franchisee in the light of franchising contract responsibility. For that, this paper goes deep into existing theories and tries to find the resonable interpretational way. This paper is comprised of the research about a characteristics franchising contract, the research about the existing theories and the reviewal of the existing theories.

상가건물임대차상 권리금계약의 통제

최현태(Choi, Hyun-Tae) 한양법학회 2012 漢陽法學 Vol.23 No.4

The problem of foregift is not just an issue in the area of civil law but also in the area of public law. Foregift is received based on an unofficial contract. However, owing to the ambiguous relationship between the rights, the disputes about the collection and compensation of the foregift would become a social issue. In this article, I summarized the existing legal system and the arguments as to what the Foregift is. In most of the cases, The problem of foregift is formed on the basis of three interested parties (which are a leaseholder, a previous tenant and a new tenant). First of all, as the Supreme Court has defined the concept and types of foregift. The most important point of this problem is willing to accept the claim for restoration. It is generally believed that foregift cannot be returned at the due of contract. In this matter, the Supreme Court has determined as follows; Foregift was not returned without special reasons in due, either. But I think that the decision is a little misguided view. Meanwhile, in order to change the administration which do not compensate the foregift of the commercial lease, it is necessary to regulate a shop tenancy and its combinated goodwill as the valuation methods should be regulated in the Act. In order to guarantee the stability and transferability of the shop tenancy, it is required to control the commercial lease landlord’s restrictions on the transfer under good causes through the amendment of the Commercial Buildings Lease Protection Act. In any case, this article is focused on legal feature of the foregift, and protection way for the economic weak. And then, I insisted that foregift should be compensated to obtain fair compensation through the amendment of the Commercial Buildings Lease Protection Act.

스마트계약의 계약법적 쟁점과 과제

최현태 ( Hyun-tae Choi ) 한국법정책학회 2021 법과 정책연구 Vol.21 No.1

블록체인은 최근 전세계적으로 다시 이목이 집중되고 있는 암호(화)화폐에 한정된 기술이 아니다. 특히 블록체인 기술에 기반한 스마트계약은 기존의 강제력, 실행 과정 및 분쟁 해결 메커니즘을 자동화된 컴퓨터 알고리즘으로 대체함으로써 이해관계 당사자들에게 혁신적인 효과를 가져오고 있지만 그에 관한 기초적인 개념이 여전히 명확하지 않은 점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 스마트계약(Smart Contract)의 본질에 관한 내용, 즉 개념과 관련 용어의 정의, 법적 성질 등을 살펴보고, 특히 주요한 계약법적 쟁점사항을 중심으로 그에 대한 법적 검토를 목적으로 하였다. 블록체인 기술에 기반한 스마트계약에서는 계약체결에 따른 여러 가지 문제 즉, 스마트계약 당사자 간의 정보 비대칭성으로 인한 불평등한 계약체결 가능성, 시스템 불안정성, 왜곡된 정보 제공으로 인한 문제 등 해결되어야 할 과제들이 산적해 있다. 그 모든 의문들은 전통적인 계약과 다른 구조로 계약이 진행되는 것에 기인하는 것이다. 여기에 이미 다수의 선행연구에서 다양한 논의를 다루어 오고 있지만, 본 연구에서는 스마트계약의 개념과 관련 개념 정리 및 외국에서의 입법화 동향을 소개한 후에 계약법적 시각에서 나타나는 몇 가지 주요 쟁점들, 예컨대 계약의 법적 근거 문제, 계약실행의 위험 배분 등 해석론적인 문제와 기타 앞으로 논의의 전개가 필요한 스마트계약기본법, DAO의 법인화 등의 사항에 대한 검토와 제안을 하였다. Blockchain-based smart contract systems replace existing performance, enforcement, and dispute resolution mechanisms with automated computer algorithms to provide innovative cost savings for businesses, consumers and public institutions. Therefore, blockchain would not be confined to cryptocurrency anymore. Under these circumstances, the underlying concept of smart contracts is not only unclear but also ambiguous. This article addresses the several legal issues about smart contracts under contract law, like a specialized form of computer code that primarily operates on blockchain ledger systems. In particular, the purpose of this article is to examine the nature of smart contracts, such as a concept of smart contracts, definitions of related terms, legal characteristics etc., and to conduct a legal review of major contractual issues. Smart contracts based on blockchain technology will lead to a number of problems regarding contractual establishment. Especially, problems on the possibility of unequal contractual conclusion due to information asymmetry between smart contracting parties, system instability, and distorted information provision would be challenged before starting smart contracts. Although many prior studies have examined smart contracts from a variety of perspectives, this study introduces a trend of foreign legislation related to smart contracts, reviews several interpretative issues from a contractual perspective, like contractual legal issues, contractual basis issues, risk allocation of contract execution, and deals with proposition of Framework Act and DAO's incorporation to be discussed.

소비자계약상 정보제공의무에 대한 일고찰

최현태(Choi, Hyun-Tae) 한양법학회 2013 漢陽法學 Vol.24 No.4

This article is concerned with reviewing theories and regulations about the duty of furnishing information on the Consumer Contract Law. The duty of furnishing information is required due to the structural inequality, especially serious discrepancy in information, in contract relationship. My approach in this paper is based on that the clarifies the concept of Consumer Contract Protection, and after reviewing various concept and scope regarding to regulations about the duty of furnishing information under the concept of Consumer Contract protection. The Consumer Protection Act in Korea has been revised to enact and supplement the Consumer Fundamental Act which has been effective from March 27, 2007. However, in spite of the revision of the consumer law, the law has a lot of problems that are being criticized. In particular, the obligation to provide information is the most important issue. So, this article will investigate various theories regarding the obligation to disclose information. And then, this study considerations how Consumer Contract Law is responding to the information gap between consumers and businesses on the grounds of regulations under the special law and civil code. there is lack of legal responses to minimize the information gap between consumer and businesses under consumer contract. So we are called to equal-model this duty. The duty to disclose information is one of the typical examples of the legal responses to minimize the information gap. In consequence, in this study I focus only on the issue of the duty of furnishing information on the Consumer Contract Law. This article will provide favorable implications to ‘the theoretical analysis and de lege ferenda‘ as it has effectively arranged and analyzed the obligation to provide information. In the future, we will study more about this problem is proposed that it should.

국제결혼중개계약 관련 법률의 문제점과 해결방안

최현태 ( Hyun Tae Choi ) 한국법정책학회 2011 법과 정책연구 Vol.11 No.1

다문화 시대가 도래함에 따라 국제결혼의 빈도가 훨씬 증가되었다. 그렇지만 그에 따른 여러 가지 심각한 문제들도 발생하고 있는데, 영세 결혼중개업자들의 난립, 위장결혼, 이주여성들의 인권 문제, 국제결혼가정의 이혼 문제, 다문화 가정의 정착지원의 부족 등이 그것이다. 이러한 현상들이 발생됨에 따라 국제결혼을 중개하는 결혼중개업자들을 규제하기 위한 법률인 「결혼중개업의 관리에 관한 법」이 제정되었다. 하지만 이 법률이 시행된 지 2년이 경과하였음에도 무분별한 국제결혼중개로 인한 피해사례가 계속 발생하고 있고 또한 제도개선을 바라는 목소리 역시 끊이지 않고 있는 현실이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 「결혼중개업의 관리에 관한 법」을 중심으로 국제결혼중개계약을 체결하면서 발생할 수 있는 몇 가지 문제점들에 대해서 고찰하였다. 특히 결혼중개업자의 개념에 대한 포섭범위의 문제나 결혼당사자에게 수수될 신상정보의 내용과 보호, 과대 환급금 및 적정 중개수수료의 문제, 손해배상책임의 담보 문제에 대해 언급하고 법정책적인 시각에서의 법적판단에 관한 제언을 해보았다. 향후 이 부분에 대한 보다 많은 논의들이 이루어지길 기대한다. The purpose of this thesis study is to contribute the protection of listing marriage client and secure the developing dealing order through the developing method offering by grasp of the problems on the contraction system between the brokers and reliances. Therefore, healthy marriage culture will be established through International Matrimonial brokerage to improve the legal and institutional framework is intended to provide in the multiculture society for the social integration of families. The current marriage brokerage practices in Korea are performed in a way that makes almost all the clauses of the Matrimonial Brokerage Management Act virtually inoperable. Moreover, the marriage brokerage deceive the couples to marry under the Act. This has produced a large number of ``illegal`` marriages which cannot be approved by either government. Paying a large amount of extra money to get approval for the ``illegally`` performed marriage shows the malevolent aspect of the international marriage brokerage system in Korea which exploits the most vulnerable groups of both men and women. This study consists of 5 chapters. Chapter 1 is introduction and chapter 2 is about concept of Matrimonial Mediation Contract, including the characteristic of Matrimonial Mediation Contract. About few thing problem point of this law tried to observe in Chapter 3. Subsequently chapter 4 is suggested about improvement for few thing problem points. Chapter 5 is summarize what has been discussed in the paper. Finally, this study hope to help the development of the International Matrimonial Mediation contract in Business Affairs of Matrimonial Brokerage and Report of Matrimonial Brokerage Management Act.