야생 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y28을 이용하여 제조한 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주의 이화학적 특성 및 향기성분

이희율,서원택,정성훈,황정은,안민주,이애련,신지현,이주영,조현국,조계만,Lee, Hee Yul,Seo, Weon Taek,Jeong, Seong Hoon,Hwang, Chung Eun,Ahn, Min Ju,Lee, Ae Ryeon,Shin, Ji Hyun,Lee, Joo Young,Jo, Hyeon Kook,Cho, Kye Man 한국미생물학회 2016 미생물학회지 Vol.52 No.1

본 연구에서는 야생 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y28을 이용하여 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주 제조를 위해 과즙의 효소 처리 조건 확립, 참다래-대봉감 비율별 알코올 발효 특성 및 향기성분 분석을 조사하였다. 최적 효소 처리 조건은 참다래는 0.3%, 1시간이었고 대봉감은 0.3%, 3시간이었다. 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주의 pH는 발효 후 3.69-3.77로 거의 변화가 없었고, 산도는 발효 후 증가하여 1.51-2.07%로 있었으나, 대봉감 첨가량이 증가할수록 산도는 낮았다. Brix 및 환원당은 발효 후 감소하여 각각 $8.8-9.6^{\circ}brix$ 및 6.07-6.90 g/L 있었다. 혼합과일주의 주요 유기산은 tartaric acid, malic acid 및 citric acid 있었고, 유리당 sucrose 및 glucose은 미량 검출되었다. 발효 후 수용성 phenolics 함량 감소하고 상대적으로 갈변도는 증가하여 각각 1.00-1.25 g/L 및 0.212-0.412 수준이었다. 주요 향기성분으로 ethyl acetate와 hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl가 있으며 장미와 유사한 향을 가지는 phenylethyl alcohol 또한 모든 시료에서 검출되었다. 관능평가 결과, 참다래:대봉감(7:3) 혼합과실주가 다른 비율 혼합과실주보다는 기호성이 약간 우수하였다. The study was aimed to investigate the mixing ratio of kiwi and persimmon juices for the production of good quality wine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y28. Firstly, the optimum condition of rapidase treatment for the kiwi and persimmon juices was established, thereafter various mixing ratio (10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5) of kiwi and persimmon was investigated regarding physiochemical properties and flavor compounds of wine. As the result, the optimum conditions were obtained as 0.3% rapidase for 1 h in kiwi and 0.3% rapidase for 3 h in persimmon. According to higher ration of persimmon, the pH of wines increased from 3.69 to 3.77, while the acidity of wines decreased from 2.07% to 1.51% at 14 days fermentation. The ranges of brix and reducing sugar in wines were decreased which ranges around 9.6 to 8.8 and 6.07 to 6.90 g/L, respectively, after fermentation. Major organic acid in wines were identified as tartaric acid, malic acid, and citric acid. A small amount of free sugar such as sucrose and glucose were detected in wines, but fructose was completely absent. The soluble phenolic contents were decreased that ranges around 1.00 to 1.25 g/L, in contrast, browning degree were increased ranges around 0.212 to 0.412 after fermentation. The major flavor components were identified as ethyl acetate and hydrazine, and 1,1-dimethyl. Importantly, phenylethyl alcohol was detected from the all wines that have a typical rose like flavor. But sensory test results and preference of kiwi-persimmon (7:3) mixing wine was better than the other wines.

고 이소플라본 함유 콩잎의 저장 온도와 기간에 따른 영양학적 성분과 항산화 활성 변화

이희율 ( Hee Yul Lee ),이동희 ( Dong Hee Lee ),김수철 ( Su Cheol Kim ),조두용 ( Du Yong Cho ),조계만 ( Kye Man Cho ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2020 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.63 No.4

본 연구는 고 이소플라본 함유 콩잎을 5, 25 및 55 ℃에서 180 일간 저장하면서 지방산, 아미노산, 무기질, 이소플라본, 총 phenolics, 총 flavonoids 및 라디칼 소거활성 변화를 확인하였다. 총 지방산 함량은 저장 기간에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총 아미노산 함량은 저장 0일에 1313.81 mg/100 g에서 5, 25 및 55 ℃에서 180일째 각각 1776.15, 1693.93 및 1551.18 mg/100 g로 증가하였다. 총 무기질 함량은 저장 초기(51.65 mg/100 g)에 비해 5, 25 및 55 oC에서 180일째 각각 49.93, 50.20 및 61.21 mg/100 g로 검출되었다. 총 이소플라본 함량은 저장기간 중 비교적 큰 변화가 없었다. 55 ℃에서 180일 저장의 경우, glycosides와 aglycones은 각각 2195.13과 480.61 μg/g로 증가하였으며, malonylglycosides는 1289.48 μg/g로 감소하였다. 한편, 총 phenolics 및 총 flavonoids 함량은 0일 저장 시료에서 각각 9.31과 8.61 mg/g에서 180일째 각각 9.97과 9.30 mg/g으로 약간 증가하였고, 이에 상응하여 DPPH, ABTS 및 hydroxyl 라디칼 소거활성은 저장 0일째 각각 30.91, 55.98 및 23.27%에서 180일째 37.10, 62.54 및 30.95%로 증가하였다. This study investigated that change of the nutrients (including fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals) and total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF), and isoflavone contents and antioxidant activities during the storage of soybean leaves containing high isoflavone contents at 5, 25, and 55 ℃ for 180 days. The contents of free amino acids were increased from 1313.81 mg/100 g at 0 day to 1776.15, 1693.93 and 1551.18 mg/ 100 g at 5, 25, and 55 ℃ storage for 180 days, respectively, but the values of fatty acids were little unchanged. The contents of minerals were detected from 51.65 mg/100 g (0 day) to 49.93 (5 ℃), 50.20 (25 ℃), and 61.21 (55 ℃) mg/100 g at 180 days, respectively. The levels of total isoflavones did not change during the storage periods. In case of storage at 55 ℃, the contents of glycosides (1347.78→2195.13 μg/g) and aglycones (342.79→ 480.61 μg/g) increased during storage, while the levels of malonylglycosides (2209.22→1289.48 μg/g) decreased. Also, the TP and TF contents were slightly increased from 9.31 and 8.61 mg/g at 0 day to 9.97 and 9.3 mg/g at 180 days, corresponding to the radical scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrydrazyl, 2,4,6-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphnoic acid), and hydroxyl increased from 30.91, 55.98 and 23.27% from 37.10, 62.54, and 30.95%, respectively.

여주 피클 숙성 중 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성 변화

이희율(Hee Yul Lee),박경숙(Kyung Sook Park),주옥수(Ok Soo Joo),황정은(Chung Eun Hwang),안민주(Min Ju Ahn),정영심(Young Sim Jeong),홍수영(Su Young Hong),권오경(Oh Kyung Kwon),강상수(Sang Soo Kang),육흥주(Heung Joo Yuk),김행란(Haeng-Ra 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.3

여주는 항당뇨, 항암, 항염증, 항바이러스 및 항산화 활성의 다양한 생리적 효능을 지니고 있다. 그러나 쓴맛으로 인해 여주를 이용한 식품 개발은 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여주를 이용하여 피클을 제조하고 숙성 기간 중 품질 특성과 항산화 활성을 살펴보았다. 숙성 4주 후에 피클의 pH, 염도, 가형성 고형분 및 환원당은 감소하였고 산도는 증가하였다. 한편 총 균수, 젖산균수 및 효모균수는 1주까지 빠르게 증가하다가 이후에는 약간 감소하였다. 여주 피클숙성 중 수용성 phenolics는 증가하였고 이에 상응하여 항산화 활성도 증가하였다. 또한 여주 피클의 조단백질, 칼륨 및 인 함량은 여주 원료보다는 낮았으나 조지방 및 소금 함량은 높았다. 여주 피클 숙성 중 쓴맛과 향의 개선을 위하여 옥수수수염 추출물을 첨가하였는데 0.25% 옥수수수염 추출물 여주 피클이 관능적으로 가장 우수하였다. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) has various biological functions, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and antioxidant activities. However, the development of foods using bitter melon (BM) is unexplored due to its bitter taste. In this study, BM pickle was prepared, and changes in quality characteristics and antioxidant activity during ageing were determined. After 4 weeks of ageing, pH levels, salinities, soluble solids, and reducing sugars of BM pickle decreased, whereas acidities increased. In addition, total viable, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast viable cell numbers greatly increased until 1 week, after which they slightly decreased. Levels of soluble phenolics increased during ageing, antioxidant activity increased accordingly. Crude protein, K, and P contents of pickles were lower than in raw material of BM, whereas crude fat and Na contents increased. Corn silk extracts were added to BM pickle during ageing in order to improve the bitter taste and flavor. The best sensory quality was obtained by adding 0.25% corn silk extracts.

Lactobacillus plantarum P1201에 의한 콩 품종별 콩-분말 두유 발효 과정에서의 식물성 에스트로젠 함량과 항산화 활성의 변화

황정은,모하메드 아지줄 하크만,이진환,안민주,이희율,이병원,이유영,이춘우,김병주,박지영,심은영,이동훈,고종민,김현태,조계만,Hwang, Chung Eun,Haque, Md. Azizul,Lee, Jin Hwan,Ahn, Min Ju,Lee, Hee Yul,Lee, Byong Won,Lee, Yu-Young,Lee, Choonwo,Kim, Byung Joo The Microbiological Society of Korea 2016 미생물학회지 Vol.52 No.2

본 연구는 노란콩 8품종(새단백, 대원, 대풍, 늘찬, 태광, 선유, 황금, 및 대망)에 대해 Lactobacillus plantarum P1201 균주를 이용하여 콩-분말 두유 발효 중 식물성 에스트로겐 및 항산화 활성 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 발효가 진행되는 동안 isoflavone-glycoside는 감소하였고, total phenolic 및 isoflavoneaglycone 함량과 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 FRAP 환원력은 증가하였다. 특히 대풍콩-분말 두유는 발효 60시간 후 daidzein, glycitein, 및 genistein 함량이 각각 177.92, 20.64, 및 $106.14{\mu}g/g$으로 다른 콩 품종들보다 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며 또한 대풍콩-분말 두유는 발효 후 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 48.54%, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 99.25% 및 FRAP 환원력은 0.84로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 대풍콩-분말 두유는 aglycone 함량이 높고 우수한 항산화 활성을 나타내므로 기능성 식품 개발에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study evaluated the changes of phytoestrogen contents and antioxidant activities of soybean-powder milk (SPM) prepared from yellow soybean during fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum P1201. In consequence, the levels of total phenolic and isoflavone-aglycone contents, ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging activities, and FRAP assay values increased, while isoflavone-glycoside contents decreased during fermentation. The highest levels of daidzein, glycitein, and genistein were present in the Daepung SPM at concentrations of 177.92, 20.64, and $106.14{\mu}g/g$, respectively after 60 h of fermentation. Moreover, Daepung SPM showed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity of 48.54%, an ABTS radical-scavenging activity of 99.25%, and a FRAP assay value of 0.84 at the end of fermentation. The fermented Daepung SPM possessed highest isoflavone aglycone contents and antioxidant activities, which can be utilized for the development of functional foods.

농촌지도요원의 직무스트레스에 관한 연구

정영만(Young Man Jung),이희율(Hee Yul Lee) 한국농촌지도학회 1999 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.6 No.1

This study was aimed 1) to determine the job-stress level of agricultural extension ants, 2).to analyze job-stress and its related variables. Data were collected from 512 extension ants who work at agricultural technology center in Pusan and Kyungnam province, 462 subjects were analyzed. SAS program was used. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) the score of job-stress was low and that of job satisfaction was high, ; 2) the degree of role overload of 40 year-old agents who have worked for over 20 years was high,; 3) the degree of role ambiguity of 20 year-old who have worked below 15 years was high,; 4) the degree of job-stress perception of 40 year-old agents was high,; 5) the degree of job satisfaction of among agents who finished graduate course and who are charge of section was high.

인삼 두 품종의 생장 패턴 및 대사체 분석 비교

이가운(Ga Oun Lee),이희율(Hee Yul Lee),이지현(Ji Hyun Lee),임수연(Sooyeon Lim),심창용(Chang Yong Shim),조계만(Kye Man Cho),손기호(Ki-Ho Son) 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

인삼 두 품종의 생장 패턴 및 대사체 분석 비교

이가운(Ga Oun Lee),이희율(Hee Yul Lee),이지현(Ji Hyun Lee),임수연(Sooyeon Lim),심창용(Chang Yong Shim),조계만(Kye Man Cho),손기호(Ki-Ho Son) 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

Microbial Diversity in the Enrichment Cultures from the Fermented Beverage of Plant Extract Using Ribosomal RNA Sequence Analysis

이총규,김바오로,강민영,이희율,황정은,안민주,서원택,조계만,Lee, Choung Kyu,Kim, Baolo,Kang, Young Min,Lee, Hee Yul,Hwang, Chung Eun,Ahn, Min Ju,Seo, Weon Taek,Cho, Kye Man The Microbiological Society of Korea 2014 미생물학회지 Vol.50 No.4

식물추출발효음료(fermented beverage of plant extract, FBPE)는 과일류, 야채류, 약초류, 및 해조류를 설탕에 의한 당장법으로 발효시킨 액상발효음료이다. 본 연구에서는 FBPE의 이화학적 특성과 16S 및 26S rRNA 염기서열을 이용하여 집식배양된 FBPE의 미생물 다양성을 조사하였다. FBPE의 pH는 3.48, 산도는 1.68%, 당도는 $70^{\circ}$, 환원당은 1,026 g/L 및 알코올은 3.5%이었다. 유리당과 유기산은 glucose (567.83 g/L)와 tartaric acid (936.8 mg/L)로 나타났다. Lactobacillus homohiochii는 모든 집식배양 시료에서 우점종이었고 L. fructivorans는 20B 라이브러리에서만 나타났다. 세 가지의 다른 당 농도에서 집식배양된 FPEB의 우점종은 0Y 라이브러리(설탕농도 0%)에서는 Candida zeylanides (45.2%), 20Y 라이브러리(설탕농도 20%)에서는 C. lactis-condensi (35.7%)와 C. zeylanoides (35.7%) 및 40Y 라이브러리(설탕농도 40%)에서는 C. lactis-condensi (38.1%)이었다. 이외에 0Y 라이브러리에서는 C. lactis-condensi (40.5%), Pichia farinosa (7.1%), C. parapsilosis(4.8%) 및 Zygosaccharomyces bailii (2.4%)가 나타났으며, 20Y 라이브러리에서는 P. guilliermondii (14.3%), Pichia farinosa (7.1%), C. parapsilosis (4.8%) 및 Kazachstania exigua (2.4%)로 나타났고 40Y 라이브러리에서는 C. zeylanoides (30.9%), C. parapsilosis (11.9%), Z. bailii (11.9%), Pichia farinosa (4.8%), P. guilliermondii (2.4%)이 확인되었다. 이 결과는 앞으로 FBPE의 미생물 변화 연구에 아주 유용한 자료로 제공할 수 있다. A beverage was produced by the fermentation of mixed extracts from the various fruits, vegetables, algae, and medical herbs. The physicochemical properties of the fermented beverage of plant extracts (FBPE) and microbial diversity were analyzed in cultures enriched from FBPE using 16S and 26S rRNA gene sequence analyses. The pH, acidity, $^{\circ}brix$, reducing sugar, and alcohol contents of the FBPE were determined to be the 3.48, 1.68%, 70.0, 1,026 g/L, and 3.5%, respectively. The most abundant free sugar and organic acid in the FBPE were glucose (567.83 g/L) and tartaric acid (93.68 mg/L), respectively. Lactobacillus homohiochii was the predominant species in all enriched culture samples: 100% of the species in 0B (0% sugar) and 40B (40% sugar) libraries and 95.6% of 20B library (20% sugar). Lactobacillus fructivorans was detected in the 20B library. The predominant species in the samples of enrichment cultures collected from FBPE with three different sugar concentrations were: Candida zeylanoides (45.2%) in the 0Y library (0% sugar), Candida lactis-condensi (35.7%) and C. zeylanoides (35.7%) in the 20Y library (20% sugar), and C. lactis-condensi (38.1%) in the 40Y library (40% sugar). This result may provide a useful frame of reference for further analyses of microbial population dynamics in FBPE.

Molecular diversity of endobacterial communities in edible part of King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) based on 16S rRNA

이총규,모하메드 아지줄 하크,최병록,이희율,황정은,안민주,조계만,Lee, Choung Kyu,Haque, Md. Azizul,Choi, Byoung Rock,Lee, Hee Yul,Hwang, Chung Eun,Ahn, Min Ju,Cho, Kye Man The Microbiological Society of Korea 2015 미생물학회지 Vol.51 No.2

세균 16S rRNA 유전자 특이 프라이머를 기초로 하여 중합 효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 Pleurotus eryngii (큰느타리 버섯)의 내부에 존재하는 세균의 다양성을 조사하였다. 세균 16S rRNA의 라이브러리는 버섯 갓(BC, body cap)와 줄기(BS, body stipe)로 구성하였다. BC 20 클론은 네 그룹으로 구별되었고 가장 큰 그룹은 Firmicutes (클론의 40%) 있었다. 그러나, BS 20 클론은 여섯 그룹으로 나뉘어졌고 가장 큰 그룹은 Actinobacteria (클론의 40%) 있었다. 전체 버섯 내에 존재하는 세균 그룹은 그람양성 세균(62.5%) 있었다. The diversity of endobacteria in the edible part (cap and stipe) king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) was investigated using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The bacterial 16S rRNA libraries were constructed from the body cap (BC) and the body stipe (BS) of the king oyster mushroom. The twenty sequenced BC clones were divided into four groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Firmicutes (40% of clones). While, the twenty sequenced BS clones could be divided into six groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Actinobacteria (40% of clones). The predominant bacterial family from both the cap and stipe of the mushroom was corresponded with the Gram positive bacteria (62.5%).

Comparison of γ-aminobutyric acid and isoflavone aglycone contents, to radical scavenging activities of high-protein soybean sprouting by lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis

황정은,모하메드 아지줄 하크만,이진환,주옥수,김수철,이희율,엄봉식,박경숙,조계만,Hwang, Chung Eun,Haque, Md. Azizul,Lee, Jin Hwan,Joo, Ok Soo,Kim, Su Cheol,Lee, Hee Yul,Um, Bong Sik,Park, Kyung Sook,Cho, Kye Man The Korean Society of Food Preservation 2018 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 발아된 고단백 콩(high protein soybeans, HPSs)으로부터 가바(GABA)와 비배당체 이소플라본(isoflavone aglycones)이 증가된 콩-분말 요구르트(SPY)를 제조하였다. 이를 위해 L. brevis로 발효 증자 고단백콩 발아체(FSHPS, 0-4 cm)를 72시간 발효하였다. 발효 고단백콩(FHPS), 0 cm 발효 증자 고단백콩 발아체(FSHPS-0), 1cm 발효 증자 고단백콩 발아체(FSHPS-1), 2cm 발효 증자 고단백콩 발아체(FSHPS-2) 및 4 cm 발효 증자 고단백콩 발아체(FSHPS-4)의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 각 79.53, 489.93, 877.55, 780.53 및 979.97 mg 이었다. 발효되지 않은 고단백콩 발아체(UFSHPS-1, 1 cm) 및 FSHPS-1의 글루탐산(GA) 및 GABA 함량이 각각 최고 100.31 mg/100 mL 및 101.60 mg/100 mL로 관찰되었다. 또한 FSHPS-1에서 가장 높은 DPPH(63.28%) 및 ABTS(73.28%) 라디칼 소거능을 보였다. 그러나 FSHPS-4에서 isoflavone aglycone 비율이 81.63%로 가장 높았다. 특히, FSHPS-1은 높은 가바 함량과 기능적 특성을 나타내어 두유 산업에 응용할 수 있을 것이다. In this study, soy-powder yogurt (SPY) with enhanced levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and isoflavone aglycone was produced from sprouting high-protein soybeans (HPSs). The fermented steam-HPS sprouts (0 to 4 cm) were fermented (72 h) with Lactobacillus brevis, and the total free amino acids (FAAs) of the formed mixtures were determined to be 79.53, 489.93, 877.55, 780.53, and 979.97 mg/100 mL in the fermented HPS (FHPS), and the fermented steam-HPS with 0 cm (FSHPS-0), 1 cm (FSHPS-1), 2 cm (FSHPS-2), and 4 cm sprouting lengths (FSHPS-4), respectively. The levels of glutamic acid (GA) and GABA were observed to be the highest, 100.31 and 101.60 mg/100 mL, respectively, in the unfermented HPS (UFSHPS-1, 1 cm) and FSHPS-1 sprouts, respectively. Moreover, the total contents of the isoflavone glycoside form decreased proportionally to the increasing total levels of isoflavone aglycones after fermentation in FSHPS-0, FSHPS-1, FSHPS-2, and FSHPS-4. The levels of isoflavone aglycones were detected as 350.34, 289.15, 361.61, 445.05, and $491.25{\mu}g/g$ in FHPS, FSHPS-0, FSHPS-1, FSHPS-2, and FSHPS-4, respectively. While FSHPS-1 exhibited the highest DPPH (63.28%) and ABTS (73.28%) radical scavenging activities, FSHPS-4 contained the highest isoflavone aglycone ratio (81.63%). All in all, the FSHPS-1 mixture prepared in this study exhibited high GABA content and functional prosperity, thereby making it suitable for potential applications in the soy-dairy industry.