산발성 위암에서 Microsatellite Instability 빈도와 hMLH1 촉진자부위 메칠화

김희철,노선애,육정환,오성태,김병식,유창식,김진천,Kim Hee Cheol,Roh Sun Ae,Yook Jeong Hwan,Oh Sung Tae,Kim Byung Sik,Yu Chang Sik,Kim Jin Cheon 대한위암학회 2003 대한위암학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Background: An aberrant function of the mismatch repair system has been reported to underlie carcinogenesis in several tumors, including colorectal and gastric carcinomas, and to induce the typical genotype of microsatellite instability (MSI). Purpose: We aimed to determine the frequency of MSI in early-onset sporadic gastric carcinoma and elucidate the role of promoter methylation in hMLH1 as the mechanism of MSI. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six early-onset sporadic gastric carcinomas were analyzed to determine the status of MSI and the frequency of methylation of the promoter region in hMLH1. MSI was determined using five markers recommended by NCI: MSI-H (high), MSI-L (low), and MSS (Microsatellite stable). Methylation specific PCR (MSP) and direct automated genomic sequencing analysis with DNA modified by sodium bisulfite have been performed to confirm promoter region methylation. All the data were analyzed regarding characteristics of molecular changes, and clinicopathologic variables. Results: The microsatellite status was determined as MSI-H in five cases ($13.8\%$), MSI-L in 13 cases ($36.1\%$), and MSS in 18 cases ($50.0\%$). hMLH1 was methylated in seven cases ($19.4\%$). In all cases of MSI-H, promoter of hMLH1 was methylated, and in two of the 13 cases of MSI-L, hMLH1 promoter methylation was identified. Methylation was not found in any cases of MSS. Promoter methylation in hMLH1 was significantly correlated with MSI status (P<0.001). We could not find any relationship between MSI and clinicopathologic parameters. Conclusion: These results suggest that an abnormal function of the mismatch repair system may be associated with gastric carcinogenesis in more than $10\%$ of early-onset gastric carcinomas and MSI appeared to be closely related to the promoter methylation in hMLH1.

항암단의 안전성(安全性)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

김희철,송기철,유화승,조정효,이연월,손창규,조종관,이용구,최병렬,Kim, Hee-Cheol,Song, Ki-Cheol,Yoo, Hwa-Seung,Cho, Jung-Hyo,Lee, Yeon-Weol,Son, Chang-Kyu,Cho, Chong-Kwan,Lee, Yong-Gu,Choi, Byung-Lyul 대한암한의학회 2002 大韓癌韓醫學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the oral toxicity of HAD in mice. The results were summarized as follows: 1. HAD did not induced any toxicological effect in the body weight changes of mice. 2. HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group were increased as compared with control group in the hematological values of mice. 3. ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, CPK were not increased in HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group as compared with control group in the serological values of mice. 4. Brain, Heart, Liver, Spleen, Kidney's weight were not increased in HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group as compared with control group in the organ's weight of mice. 5. HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group did not induced any toxicological effect in the gross findings in mice's any organs. 6. HAD(10g/kg , 5g/kg, 2.5g/kg, 1.25g/kg) treated group did not induced any toxicological effect in the histopathological findings in mice's any organs. 7. HAD(2.5g/ kg, 0.25g/ kg) treated group did not induced any toxicological effect in the histopathological findings in mice's any organs. From above results, HAD has not toxicological effects to mice.

ARS 사용성 테스트를 위한 시뮬레이터 구현

김희철,Kim, Hee-Cheol 한국정보통신학회 2011 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.15 No.12

음성자동응답시스템(ARS)은 광범위하게 사용되는 대표적인 커뮤니케이션 시스템임에도 불구하고, 사용하기가 불편하다는 의견이 지배적인 시스템이다. 이러한 아이러니는 ARS 기술 자체에 대한 문제보다는 사용성에 대한 연구가 요구됨을 보여준다. 아직 국내외적으로 ARS 사용성에 대한 연구와 그 결과들이 빈약한 상황에서, 본 연구에서는 ARS 사용성 연구를 효율적으로 수행하기 위한 ARS 시뮬레이터를 소개한다. ARS 시뮬레이터는 ARS 사용성 연구자들을 위한 시스템으로, ARS 모의 태스크 설계와 사용자의 수행을 돕는 환경을 제공하며, 사용자들의 모의 태스크 과정 저장 및 간단한 사용자 행동 분석을 제공한다. Whereas ARS(Automatic Response System)s are a typical communication system very widely used, it has a predominating reputation that it is of great inconvenience. This irony does not stem from technological deficiency, but rather from the usability problem. Under the current situation that there is little research and results in terms of ARS usability, we introduce an ARS simulator designed to help ARS usability tests more effectively. As a system for ARS usability researchers, it provides an environment for the mock task design and users' performance of the task. Further, it saves the mock task history and analyzes users' action patterns to some extent.

순천 송광사 요사채의 환기지붕 설치 시기에 관한 연구

김희철,Kim, Hee-Cheol 한국건축역사학회 2017 건축역사연구 Vol.26 No.4

Suncheon Songgwangsa has unique ventilation roofs. In the meantime, these roofs have been known as a characteristic element of Songgwangsa architecture and a unique element of Korean traditional architecture. I would like to review the installation time of the ventilation roof and check the installation time through Songgwangsa's records and photographs. According to the results of this study, it was confirmed that the ventilation roofs installed in various buildings including the temple of Songgwangsa were installed between the 1920s and 1930s. This can be summarized by comparing the history of Songgwangsa and the history of each building of Songgwangsa by comparing the paintings of Songgwangsa in 1886 and 1915 with the photographs of 1920s and Songgwangsa in the 1930s. It is a matter of further study whether the installation of the ventilation roof of Songgwangsa Temple is influenced by the Japanese occupation period.

자살 위험성 및 자살 시도 방지에 대한 전기경련치료의 역할

김희철,정성훈,안용민,박승현,김용식,정인원,Kim, Hee Cheol,Jeong, Seong Hoon,Ahn, Yong Min,Park, Seung Hyun,Kim, Yong Sik,Chung, In Won 대한생물정신의학회 2020 생물정신의학 Vol.27 No.2

Suicidality is the most serious complication of mood disorders and psychosis; effective treatment should reduce suicide rates. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development age-standardized suicide rate in Korea was 22.6 in 2018, much higher compared to other countries worldwide. As mental and psychiatric problems are the main reasons for suicide attempts, accounting for 31.6% in 2018, targeting such problems should be the focus of efforts to reduce suicide rates. However, the ability of current pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce suicide rates is limited due to their delayed effects. Therefore, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been proposed as an alternative treatment. This approach is effective for treating most mental disorders associated with high suicide rates, including severe depression, bipolar disorder, and intractable psychotic disorders; ECT is also effective for Parkinson's disease, which has the highest suicide rate among all disorders in Korea. The acute, long-term, and prophylactic effects of ECT on suicidality have been reported in the literature, and treatment guidelines outside of Korea recommend that ECT be used at an early stage for rapid reduction of suicide rates, as opposed to being applied as a treatment of last resort. However, only ~0.092 of every 10000 members of the Korean general population received ECT in 2018; this is much lower than the average rate worldwide, of 2.2 per 10000. Elimination of obstacles to the use of ECT, early crisis intervention involving administration of ECT for rapid stabilization, and maintenance ECT to prevent recurrence should reduce suicide rates.

한국인 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병 약물의 치료 반응과 도파민 D2, D3 및 D4 수용체 유전자 다형성

김희철,정성원,김대광,정철호,Kim, Hee-Cheol,Jung, Sung-Won,Kim, Dae-Kwang,Jung, Chul-Ho 대한생물정신의학회 2007 생물정신의학 Vol.14 No.3

항정신병 약물의 치료 반응을 예측해 줄 수 있는 유전자 지표를 찾기 위한 최근의 많은 약물유전학 연구들은 일관된 결과를 보고하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 항정신병 약물의 치료 반응과 도파민 D2, D3 및 D4 수용체 유전자 다형성과 관련성을 조사하였다. 연구 대상은 18~60세에 해당되면서 정신분열병의 DSM-IV 진단기준을 만족하고 본 연구에 대해 서면 동의한 국립부곡병원의 입원 환자 200명이었다. 연구는 대상자들의 입원 당시 병록지를 검토하여 후향적으로 이루어졌다. 대상자들은 퇴원할 당시를 기준으로 약물치료 반응 정도에 따라'반응군'과'비반응군'으로 구분되었으며 양군 사이의 도파민 수용체 유전자 다형성 차이를 비교하였다. 대상자 200명 중에서 188명(94%)이 비전형 항정신병 약물을 사용하였고 반응군은 141명(70.5%)이었다. 도파민 D2 수용체 유전자 Ser311Cys 다형성, 도파민 D3 수용체 유전자 Ser9Gly 다형성, 도파민 D4 수용체 유전자 exon III의 48개 염기반복 다형성에서 반응군과 비반응군 사이의 대립유전자 및 유전자형 빈도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 항정신병 약물의 치료 반응과 도파민 D2 수용체 유전자 Ser311Cys 다형성, 도파민 D3 수용체 유전자 Ser9Gly 다형성, 그리고 도파민 D4 수용체 유전자 exon III의 48개 염기반복 다형 성과는 연관성이 없었다. 향후에는 단일의 항정신병 약물에 대한 전향적인 방법의 통제된 연구가 필요하다. Objectives:A considerable number of pharmacogenetic studies have been performed in recent years to define the association of antipsychotic drug response with dopamine receptor polymorphisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the therapeutic response to antipsychotic drugs and the polymorphisms of the dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptor genes(DRD2, DRD3 and DRD4, respectively). Methods:We conducted retrospective chart review of 200 consecutively hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia(DSM-IV) who were treated with various antipsychotics(94% atypical antipsychotics) at Bugok National Hospital, Korea. The patients were divided into two groups, responders and non-responders, by responsiveness to antipsychotic drugs according to a four-point scale used in previous studies; responders included moderate to marked responded patients and non-responders included none to minimal responded patients. We analyzed the Ser311Cys polymorphism in the DRD2, the Ser9Gly polymorphism in the DRD3, and the exon III 48 bp repeat polymorphism in the DRD4. Results:Among the total patients of 200, 141(70.5%) were categorized as responders. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4 alleles and genotypes between responders and non-responders. Conclusion:These results suggest that the Ser311Cys polymorphism in the DRD2, the Ser9Gly polym- orphism in the DRD3, and the exon III 48bp repeat polymorphism in the DRD4 are not associated with the therapeutic response to antipsychotic drugs in Korean schizophrenic patients. A larger prospective study is needed to elucidate the association between antipsychotic response and dopamine receptor gene polymorphism.

원발성 위 림프종의 예후 인자에 관한 연구

김희철(Hee Cheol Kim),김완수(Wan Soo Kim),육정환(Jeong Hwan Yook),오성태(Sung Tae Oh),김병식(Byung Sik Kim),유은실(Eun Sil YU),김상희(Sang Hee Kim),박건춘(Kun Choon Park) 대한외과학회 1998 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.55 No.4

미국 SEC의 지분투자 크라우드펀딩 규제 최종 규칙에 관한 소고 -우리나라 지분투자 크라우드펀딩 규제와의 비교를 중심으로-

김희철 ( Hee Cheol Kim ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2016 法學硏究 Vol.24 No.1

크라우드펀딩은 세계 각국이 앞 다투어 조속한 입법을 이해 노력한 분야이다. 2015년 10월 30일 미국 SEC는 “규제의 완화와 투자자보호의 균형 내지는 조화”의 목적달성을 위하여 “JOBS” Act Title III에서 위임한 세부 시행규칙을 확정하였다. 우리나라에서도크라우드펀딩 사업의 활성화를 위하여 2015년 7월 6일 국회를 통과한 자본시장법의 주요 내용이 2016년 1월 25일부터 시행될 예정이다. 크라우드펀딩은 투자뿐만 아니라 기부 또는 대출 등의 형태로도 등장할 것이지만, 중소규모 기업 육성의 차원에서는 지분형 크라우드펀딩에 대한 법적 기반의 마련은 매우 중요한 일이다. 2015년 10월30일 확정한 미국 SEC의 최종시행규칙의 내용 및 2015년7월 6일 국회를 통과한 자본시장법의 주요 내용이 모두 지분형 크라우드펀딩규제에 관한 내용이다. 본고에서는 기업의 자금조달의 용이성 확보와 투자자보호라는 상충되는 두 이념을 SEC 최종 시행규칙에서 어떻게 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 하였는가에 중점을 두어 살펴보았다. 이와 함께 우리 자본시장법 개정으로 도입된 크라우드펀딩의 법적 기반을 비교함으로써 우리 법과 미국 SEC 최종시행규칙의 차이점 및 우리법의 미비점을 살펴보았다. 이를 통하여 우리나라의 지분형 크라우드펀딩의 성숙한 법적 기반 마련에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. Crowdfunding is a term used to describe an evolving method of raising money through the Internet, typically through small individual contributions from a large number of people. 70) On October 30, 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) adopted final rules under Title III of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (“JOBS”) Act. These rules relate to a new exemption under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) that will permit securities-based crowdfunding by private companies without registering the offering with the SEC. The final rule permits small businesses to raise a maximum aggregate amount of $1 million through crowdfunding offerings in a 12-month period from any accredited investors as well as interested person. It also creates a funding portal to allow Internet-based platforms or intermediaries to facilitate the offer and sale of securities without having to register with the SEC as brokers. Republic of Korea, also starts new rules on crowdfunding. Comparing both of the United States`` and Republic of Korean crowdfunding rules, this article shows the differences both of the countries`` rules and describes possible loopholes and problems of Korean crowdfunding regulations.

프랍 트레이딩 규제에 관한 고찰 - 미국 볼커룰 최종 시행규칙의 문제점 및 우리나라 금융지주회사 규제방안을 중심으로 -

김희철 ( Hee Cheol Kim ) 한국금융법학회 2014 金融法硏究 Vol.11 No.3

Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and ConsumerProtection Act amends the Bank Holding Company Act by adding new section13 to generally prohibit, subject to exception, a banking entity, essentially anyentity within a holding company structure containing an FDIC insured bank,from engaging in proprietary trading and from acquiring or retaining anownership interest in or sponsoring a hedge fund or private equity fund. On December 10, 2013, the FRB, OCC, FD IC, the SEC, and the CFTCadopted the final version of the Volcker Rule. The Final Rule provides that"proprietary trading" covers Short-Term Trading Account, Market Risk RuleTrading Account, and Dealer Trading Account. The Rule is expected to reduce risks posed to banking entities byproprietary trading activities while permitting banking entities to continue toprovide client-oriented financial services that are critical to capital generation andliquid markets. The regulators suggest Appendix B outlining six factors that theagencies believe distinguish prohibited proprietary trading from permissiblemarket making. The author, however, examines the ambiguity and difficulty of the various tests which the regulators suggest and insists the ring fencingregulation is enough for Korean banking industry.

12주간의 수중복합 운동이 고령 비만여성의 혈중지질과 혈장 Homocysteine 농도에 미치는 영향

김희철(Hee Cheol Kim),최종환(Jong Hwan Choi) 한국발육발달학회 2007 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic complex training on blood lipid and homocysteine concentration in the obese-elderly women. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: Obese-elderly group(65.90±4.28 yrs) and normal-elderly group(63.40±3.41 yrs). Each group consists of 10 elderly women. The aquatic complex exercise was conducted 3 times per week for 12 consecutive weeks. Blood lipid and plasma homocysteine concentration was measured before and after the training for both groups. For data analysis (SPSSWIN10.0 program), mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and repeated-2 way ANOVAs and post-hoc tests(paired & independent t-test) were used. The results were as followings: 1) While 12-week aerobic complex exercise significantly decreases only LDL-C in the obese-elderly women, the exercise did not effect on TC, HDL-C, & TG in the obese-elderly women. Neither effected the normal-elderly women on TC, HDL-C, LDL-C & TG. 2) While 12-week aerobic complex exercise significantly decreases only homocysteine concentration in the obese-elderly women, the exercise did not effect on that in the normal-elderly women. This study suggests that the aquatic complex exercise may positively effect on LDL-C and homocysteine concentration in the obese-elderly women.