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T Cell에서의 Lectin에 의한 Phospholipase $C-{\gamma}1$ Tyrosine 잔기 인산화를 통한 Phospholipase C의 활성화
김희숙,문경호,이영한,윤두희,류성호,서판길,Kim, Hee-Sook,Moon, Kyoung-Ho,Lee, Young-Han,Yun, Doo-Hee,Ryu, Sung-Ho,Suh, Pann-Ghill 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.8
사람의 $CD4^+$ T임파구 암세포인 Jurkat cell에는 phosphatidyl inositide-specific phospholipase C(PI-PLC 또는 PLC)의 이성화효소인 PLC-${\beta}1$, $-{\gamma}1$, $-{\delta}1$이 존재한다. Jurkat cell에 여러 lectin들을 처리하여 $PLC-{\gamma}1$의 인산화반응, tyrosine잔기 인산화반응 및 PI-PLC의 활성도 등을 측정하므로써 lectin들에 의한 T세포의 선호전달에 $PLC-{\gamma}1$이 관여하는지 검토하였다. Phytohem-agglutinin(PHA), Concanavalin A(Con A), Trichosanthis radix aggutinin(TRA) 등의 lectin을 T세포에 처리하였을 때 PLC의 활성에 의하여 세포의 막지질성분인 phosphatidyl inositide의 가수분해물인 inositol phosphate들의 축적이 증가하였다. 그중 세포신호전달에 있어 second messenger인 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3)는 30초 내에 이미 최고수준에 달하였다. 또한 처리 후 30초 이내에 $PLC-{\gamma}1$의 tyrosine잔기에 인산화가 일어났다. 인산화된 tyrosine잔기의 위치는 T cell의 CD3의 항체인 OKT3를 처리하거나 fibroblast에 성장인자인 PDGF 또는 EGF를 처리한 경우와 같음을 tryptic phosphopeptide mapping으로 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과들은, T세포의 분화를 유도하는 lectin들이 T세포의 항원수용체와 CD3 복합체(TCR-CD3 Complex) 또는 표면당단백질인 CD4, CD8 등과 결합하거나 상호작용하고 있는 nonreceptor tyrosine kinase(fyn 또는 lck)를 활성화시키고 이들에 의해 phospholipase $C-{\gamma}1$의 tyrosine잔기가 인산화됨으로써 세포 외부 신호가 세포내로 전달되고 있음을 암시하고 있다. 이렇게 tyrosine잔기가 인산화되어 활성화된 phospholipase $C-{\gamma}1$은 다시 phosphatidyl inositide를 가수분해시켜 second messenger인 1,2-diacylglycerol(DG)과 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3)를 생성하게 하여 T세포의 분화 및 성장을 유도할 것으로 생각된다. Stimulation of the human T cell line, Jurkat, by the addition of mitogenic lectin activates phospholipase $C-{\gamma}1$($PLC-{\gamma}1$), generating two second messengers, inositol-l,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, from phosphatidyl inositide. To investigate the effect of mitogenic lectins, Jurkat cells were treated with PHA, TRA (one of Trichosanthes radix agglutinins) or Can A. The tyrosine phosphorylation of $PLC-{\gamma}1$ occurred rapidly and reached maximum level less than 0.5 min after PHA stimulation in the presence of orthovanadate. In cells prelabeled with [$^3H$]myo-inositol, PHA quickly but persistently stimulates the formation of [$^3H$]inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate within 0.5 min after stimulation. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide map analysis revealed that the major sites of tyrosine and serine phosphorylation in $PLC-{\gamma}1$ from stimulated Jurkat cells are the same as those in $PLC-{\gamma}1$ from Jurkat cells treated with antibody to CD3 or A43l cells with EGF. Thus, we suggests that mitogenic lectin-dependent increase in phosphoinositide hydrolysis in Jurkat cells can be occur through the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on $PLC-{\gamma}1$ by a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase(s) coupled to the TCR-CD3 complex.
T Cell 에서의 Lectin 에 의한 Phospholipase C - γ1 Tyrosine 잔기 인산화를 통한 Phospholipase C 의 활성화
김희숙,문경호,이영한,윤두희,류성호,서판길 ( Hee Sook Kim,Kyoung Ho Moon,Young Han Lee,Doo Hee Yun,Sung Ho Ryu,Pann Ghill Suh ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.8
Stimulation of the human T cell line, Jurkat, by the addition of mitogenic lectin activates phospholipase C-γ1(PLC-γ1), generating two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, from phosphatidyl inositide. To investigate the effect of mitogenic lectins, Jurkat cells were treated with PHA, TRA (one of Trichosanthes radix agglutinins) or Con A. The tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-γ1 occurred rapidly and reached maximum level less than 0.5 min after PHA stimulation in the presence of orthovanadate. In cells prelabeled with [³H]myo-inositol, PHA quickly but persistently stimulates the formation of [³H]inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate within 0.5 min after stimulation. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide map analysis revealed that the major sites of tyrosine and serine phosphorylation in PLC-γ1 from stimulated Jurkat cells are the same as those in PLC-γ1 from Jurkat cells treated with antibody to CD3 or A431 cells with EGF. Thus, we suggests that mitogenic lectin-dependent increase in phosphoinositide hydrolysis in Jurkat cells can be occur through the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on PLC-γ1 by a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase(s) coupled to the TCR-CD3 complex.
Automatic Control of Miniature Vehicle Using Indoor Navigation System
Yun, Doo-Hee,Jun, Hae-Young,Kim, Do-Yoon,Kee, Chang-Don 서울대학교 항공우주신기술연구소 2001 항공우주신기술연구소 연구보고 Vol.2 No.1
Nowadays, the field of GPS navigation is being extended indoors. Pseudolite is thought to play a key role in this area. Indoor navigation system is a typical example of pseudolite application. After rigorous efforts, we have implemented the indoor navigation system successfully using CDGPS. Error analysis shows that the RMS value of horizontal kinematic positioning error is below 1cm. In this system, a miniature truck is equipped with all the devices for real-time operation, Our final research goal is automatic control of miniature vehicle using indoor navigation system. To achieve this, we have mounted 2 GPS antennas on the vehicle to obtain yaw angle. From experimental results, we can conclude that the indoor navigation system is a sufficient position and 2D attitude sensor for vehicle control in indoor environment such as factory, hanger, indoor amusement park, and etc.