영성과 모더니티-생명, 씨, 율려로 본 한국적 진보의 궤적-

이철호 ( Lee Chul-ho ) 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2014 한국학연구 Vol.0 No.35

이 글은 이돈화(李敦化), 함석헌(咸錫憲), 김지하(金芝河)가 공유하는 사상적 패턴을 중심으로 하나의 정신사적 계보를 구성하는 데 주된 목적이 있다. 『신인철학(新人哲學)』에서 이돈화는 천도교와 진화론을 결합해 독자적인 종교철학을 수립했다. 이를테면 ‘지기(至氣)’라는 천도교 용어가 ‘생명’이라는 진화론적 어휘로 변주되면서 그의 종교론은 과학적 엄밀성을 획득하게 된다. 이렇듯 이돈화는 진화론을 통해 인내천(人乃天) 사상의 과학화를 구현하고, 유기체적 생명주의를 통해서는 탈서구화를 지향했다. 그럼에도 그의 종교철학은 범신론 중심의 또 다른 보편주의를 강화하고 ‘생존경쟁’에 입각한 세계관을 재생산했다는 한계를 지닌다. 그에 비해, 함석헌은 기독교와 진화론이 결합된 역사주의를 바탕으로 반독재민주화 운동을 주도했다. 그에 의하면, 자아 내부에서 약동하는 생명력이야말로 위기를 혁명으로, 수난을 영광으로 바꾸는 원천적인 에너지다. 그 생명의 원리를 터득할 때 비로소 인격개조도 혁명도 가능해진다. 함석헌은 생명론에 의거해 세계주의를 주창했다는 점에서 이돈화와 변별되지만, 그 세계주의가 민족국가의 경계를 부정하지 않았기에 문제적이다. 김지하는 생명운동이나 율려운동을 통해 동북아공생(東北亞共生)을 강조했으나, 함석헌보다 더 민족주의적이면서 이돈화보다 더 서구의 가치체계를 내면화했다. The main purpose of this paper is to organize one-lined spiritual genealogy of ideological basis which is shared by Lee, Donhwa, Ham, Seokheon, and Kim, Jiha. In his work, Sinin Cheolhak (New Human Philosophy), Lee, Donghwa has combined Cheondogyo with Evolutionism, establishing his unique philosophy of religion. That is to say, by accepting the theory of evolution, he embodied scientific systemization of Innaecheon Thought, and through the organic Vitalism (Life-ism), he also aimed for De-Westernization. However, his religious philosophy reinforced another Universalism focused on Pantheism; furthermore his though had the limit in the aspect of representing the world view based on a struggle for existence. Ham, Seokheon, supporting the historicism which was generated by the combination of Christianity and Evolutionism, led the Korean democracy movement against despotism. According to him, it is an energetic vitality, the original energy, inside one’s self which can convert ‘crises into ‘revolution’ and ‘ordeal’ into ‘glory’. The understanding of this life principle makes personality rebuilding and revolution possible. Although Ham’s theory had discrimination against Lee’s thought in that he advocated cosmopolitanism relying on Vitalism (life-ism), it is problematic because his cosmopolitan outlook does not deny national boundaries basically. Although Kim, Jiha put an emphasis on the coexistence of North-East Asia through Vitalism and Yulryeo movement, his thought is much more nationalistic than Ham, Seokheon’s theory, and internalized value system of the Western more firmly than Lee, Donhwa’s did.

장치 (dispositif)로서의 연좌제 -1980년대 이문열의 초기 단편과 “중산층” 표상

이철호 ( Chul Ho Lee ) 한국문학연구학회 2015 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.56

이문열 소설은 근본적으로 유럽 부르주아의 한국적 판본인 ``중산층``의 서사이며, 그것은 당대가 요구하는 중산층의 미덕과 자질을 분별하고 터득하는 데 있어 최적의 텍스트였다. 소위 ``이문열 신드롬``은 그의 소설이 단순히 대중적인 흥미와 자극적인 소재에 의존하지 않았기에 가능했던 현상이었고, 당대의 애독자들은 그의 소설에서 중산층이 갖추어야 할 지식과 교양을 기대할 수 있었다. 게다가 1980년대 초반만하더라도 중산층에 대한 공론화가 재가열되었을 만큼 그 계층의 규정 자체가 모호할 수밖에 없었다. 다시 말해 이 시기의 중산층은 명확히 규정 가능한 실체라기보다 1980년대 초반 본격화된 중산층 담론을 통해 상상적으로 재구성된 계층에 해당하며 이 들 불특정 계층을 역사적 실체, 즉 특정한 텍스트를 구매하고 소비하는 독자층으로 만들어가는 데-더 중요하게는 중산층 특유의 감성을 구조화하는 데-기여한 것이 바로 이문열 소설이라 할 수 있다. 중산층이 등장하는 이문열 초기 단편에서 두드러진 특징 중 하나는 ``연좌제``의 모티프이며, 그것은 단순히 소재적 차원을 넘어 주체화를 가능케 하는 일종의 장치(dispositif)로 작동한다. 다시 말해, 반공 이데올로기의 장치로서 연좌제는 개인의 자아에게 부단히 원죄 의식을 부과하면서도 그와 동시에 중산층이라는 주체를 생산 해내는 핵심 기제가 된다. The novels of Lee, Munyeol are highly useful texts for us to distinguish ``corrupt`` middle class of 1970s from healthy one of 1980s, and more importantly, his books are entirely suitable to represent social identities of middle class. The term ``middle class`` actually refers to a class restructured by the discourse of middle class which was fully discussed in the early of 1980s rather than a reality which is precisely definable. Lee``s works contributed to imagining this non-specific class as a historical reality and to structuralizing its unique sensibility. In this sense, it might be more reasonable to think that he shapes the image of middle class in his books than to say that people of middle class read Lee``s works avidly and eagerly. The remarkable characteristic of his early short novels in which a character of middle class appears is the motif of ``the implicative system.`` This implicative system serves a ``dispositif`` which makes subjectivation possible. In other words, this system, as an ideological device of anticommunism, imposes the consciousness of original sin on the self of an individual, and, at the same time, as an important agent, creates a subject who means middle class.

다환성 방향족 탄화수소 노출에 의한 DNA 산화적 손상과 Paraoxonase-1(PON1) 유전자 다형성이 폐암 발생에 미치는 영향

이철호,이계영,최강현,홍윤철,김용대,강종원,김헌,Lee, Chul-Ho,Lee, Kye-Young,Choe, Kang-Hyeon,Hong, Yun-Chul,Kim, Yong-Dae,Kang, Jong-Won,Kim, Heon 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are risk factors for lung cancer, have been reported to induce oxidative DNA damage. The paraoxonase (PON) plays a significant role in the detoxification of a variety of organophosphorous compounds, with paraoxonase-1 (PON1) being one of the endogenous free-radical scavenging systems in the human body. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the effects of PAH exposure, oxidative stress and the Q192R polymorphism of PON1 genes, and their interactions in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. Methods : One hundred and seventy seven lung cancer patients and 177 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Each subject was asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their smoking habits and environmental exposure to PAHs. The Q192R genotypes of the PON1 gene was examined, and the concentrations of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) measured. Results : Cigarette smoking was found to be a significant risk factor for lung cancer. The urinary 8-OH-dG level was higher in the patients, whereas the urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol levels were higher in the controls. There was a significant correlation between the urinary levels of 8-OHdG and 1-OHP in both the cases and controls. The PON1 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Individuals carrying the Q/Q genotype of the PON1 gene were found to be at higher risk of developing lung cancer. There was a significant correlation between the urinary levels of 8-OH-dG and 1-OHP in those with the PON1 Q/Q genotype. Conclusions : These results lead to the conclusion that PAHs would induce oxidative DNA damage, especially in individuals with the PON1 Q/Q genotype. Therefore, people with the PON1 Q/Q genotype would be more susceptible to lung cancer than those with the R/R or Q/R genotypes of the PON1 gene.

GPX1 및 hOGG1 유전자다형성에 따른 유전자의 산화적 손상 및 폐암 발생 위험도 평가

이철호,이계영,최강현,홍윤철,노성일,엄상용,고영준,장연위,임동혁,강종원,김헌,김용대,Lee, Chul-Ho,Lee, Kye-Young,Choe, Kang-Hyeon,Hong, Yun-Chul,Noh, Sung-Il,Eom, Sang-Yong,Ko, Young-Jun,Zhang, Yan-Wei,Yim, Dong-Hyuk,Kang, Jong-Won,Kim, H 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Objectives : Oxidative DNA damage is a known risk factor of lung cancer. The glutathione peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides plays a significant role in protecting cells from the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate effects of oxidative stress and genetic polymorphisms of the GPX1 genes and the interaction between them in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. Methods : Two hundreds patients with lung cancer and 200 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Every subject was asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their smoking habits and their environmental exposure to PAHs. The genotypes of the GPX1 and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) genes were examined and the concentrations of urinary hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) were measured. Results : Cigarette smoking was a significant risk factor for lung cancer. The levels of urinary 8-OH-dG were higher in the patients (p<0.001), whereas the urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol levels were higher in the controls. The GPX1 codon 198 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Individuals carrying the Pro/Leu or Leu/Leu genotype of GPX1 were at a higher risk for lung cancer (adjusted OR=2.29). In addition, these individuals were shown to have high urinary 8-OH-dG concentrations compared to the individuals with the GPX1 Pro/Pro genotype. On the other hand, the polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene did not affect the lung cancer risk and the oxidative DNA damage. Conclusions : These results lead to a conclusion that individuals with the GPX1 Pro/Leu or Leu/Leu genotype would be more susceptible to the lung cancer induced by oxidative stress than those individuals with the Pro/Pro genotype.

주방식 지하구조물의 발파 굴착공정 분석 연구

이철호,현영환,황제돈,최순욱,강태호,장수호,Lee, Chul-Ho,Hyun, Young-Hwan,Hwang, Je-Don,Choi, Soon-Wook,Kang, Tae-Ho,Chang, Soo-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2016 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

주방식 지하구조물은 룸과 암주로 이루어진 격자 형태의 지하구조물로 굴착순서에 따라 주방식 지하구조물의 시공성과 경제성이 좌우될 수 있다. 선행연구에서는 주방식 지하구조물의 굴착공정에서 중요하게 다뤄질 수 있는 발파굴착 공정을 장비 운영과 현행 발파 규정 및 건설공사 표준품셈에 근거하여 검토하였다. 굴착공법으로는 점보드릴을 이용한 발파공법을 가정하였으며, 기존 연구에서 제시한 가로 세로 병행시공방식으로 검토하였다. 연구에서 고려한 단면의 크기에 따라 필요한 착암 공정에 대한 천공시간을 산정하였으며 기존 도로터널 사례를 통해 버력처리 및 지보재 설치 공정의 소요시간을 산정하였다. 굴진면 운용 수를 고려하여 굴착 사이클을 산출하였으며 이를 통해 운영가능한 천공장비의 최대 대수와 최소 대수를 수식화하여 제시하였다. Since a room-and-pillar underground structure is characterized by its grid-type array of room and pillar, its economical efficiency can be governed by excavation sequence. In this study, the construction period by the drill-and-blast method as a excavation method for a room-and-pillar underground structure was examined. In addition, the parallel excavation sequence was considered as the main sequence of a room-and-pillar underground structure. Sequences of mucking and support installation were derived to estimate the total excavation cycle by taking the case of a road tunnel into consideration. From the excavation cycle of room-and-pillar underground structure, the relationship between available maximum and minimum numbers of jumbo drill machines depending on the number of faces in operation was suggested.

긍지와 희망을 주는 힘있는 협회

이철호,Lee, Chul-Ho 대한건축사협회 2005 建築士 Vol.2005 No.3

EPDM 의 절연특성에 대한 첨가제 효과

이철호,김상욱 ( Chul Ho Lee,Sang Wook Kim ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.2

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Glomeruli in EGS/Kist Mice Showing High Proteinuria

이철호,현병화,정영길,김무강,Lee, Chul-Ho,Hyun, Byung-Hwa,Jeong, Young-Gil,Kim, Moo-Kang Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 고단백뇨를 보이는 신장질환모델마우스(FGS/Kist mouse)의 사구체에 대한 미세구조학적 변화를 관찰하고자 수행하였다. 전반적으로 사구체내의 모세혈관은 주변부의 혈관사이세포(mesangial cell) 부위의 확장으로 인하여 관강이 좁아져 있었으며 관강내에는 점액양 물질들이 흔히 관찰되었다. 또한 사구체바닥판(basal lamina)이 모세혈관 사이의 공간쪽으로 돌출되어져 있는 소견들도 볼 수 있었다. 혈관사이세포 부위에는 주변부와 뚜렷이 구분되는 전자밀도가 높은 물질들이 많이 차여져 있었다. 한편, 사구체바닥판에 인접하여 존재하고 있는 발세포들(podocytes)은 세포질내 많은 공포들이 관찰되었고, 발세포들이 내고 있는 발세포발(foot process)들은 서로 융합되거나 소실되어 매우 불규칙적인 소견을 보였다. Using the electron microscopical method, this study was attempted to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of glomeruli in FGS/Kist mice showing high proteinuria. The mucus-like substances were observed in glomerular capillary lumen which were usually narrowed by the widening of mesangial area filled with electron-dense deposits. Some portions of basal lamina in capillary wall were projecting to urinary space. Moreover, many vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm of visceral epithelial cells, and an irregular-shaped fusion or effacement of foot processes were often shown in areas adjacent to basal lamina of glomeruli.

포스터 발표 - 에너지환경분과 / 화학공정분과 : 전기절연재료 표면의 열화현상

이철호,김상욱 ( Chul Ho Lee,Sang Wook Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1997 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1990 No.3

EPDM 의 절연 특성에 미치는 수산화알미늄의 영향

이철호,김상욱 ( Chul Ho Lee,Sang Wook Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1997 응용화학 Vol.1 No.1

Alumina trihydrate(ATH) plays an important role in improving the tracking resistance of EPDM, silicone rubber and epoxy compound. This study describes the influence of the median particle size of alumina trihydrate(ATH) filler on the tracking resistance. A fixed 100 phr concentration of the filler of ATH was used for all particle sizes from 0.7 to 20 ㎛. It is shown that tracking and erosion resistance depends on the median particle size of ATH. The tracking and erosion resistance decrease with increasing particle size.