긴급통신서비스 제공을 위한 SIP에서의 호 서비스 메커니즘에 관한 연구

이규철,이종협,Lee, Kyu-Chul,Lee, Jong-Hyup 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

IP(Internet Protocol) 기반 통신서비스가 발달함에 따라 인터넷 전화서비스가 기존 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) 기반 전화서비스를 대체하는 서비스로 자리 잡아 갈 것으로 예상된다. 이를 위해 해결되어야 할 여러 가지 이슈 중 하나가 인터넷 전화서비스가 PSTN의 911과 같은 긴급전화서비스 제공 능력을 가지는 것이다. 미국의 경우에는 VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)를 사용하는 인터넷 전화에서도 PSTN의 전화서비스와 같이 911 서비스를 제공하도록 규정하고 있으며, 기본 VoIP 911 호 (Basic 911 또는 B-911)는 위치 정보 혹은 콜백 번호 없이 LEA(Law Enforcement Agency)의 일반 접근라인으로 라우팅 되고, 향상된 VoIP 911호 (Enhanced 911 또는 E-911)의 경우는 위치정보와 콜백 번호정보를 가지고 911 전용 네트워크상으로 라우팅 되어 지역 911 분배센터에 도착하도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 VoIP기반 인터넷 전화망에서는 긴급전화서비스를 별도의 서비스로 다루고 있지 않거나 성능이 PSTN에 비해 크게 부족한 실정이며, 해당 호의 위치정보 및 콜백 번호정보 등이 파악되지 못해 가장 인접한 PSAP(Public Safety Answering Point)로 전달되지 못하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하고 효율적인 긴급전화서비스를 제공할 수 있는 SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)기반의 긴급전화서비스 메커니즘을 제안하며, 실제 구현을 통하여 PSAP로의 효율적인 접근과 해당호의 정보를 정확히 알아낼 수 있음을 확인하였다. As the development of the various IP-based services, it is expected that Internet telephony service will gradually replace the traditional PSTN-based telephony service. But there are many issues resolved to spread the Internet telephony service. One of them is to support the emergency services in the Internet telephony. In the case of USA, it has been regulated that 911 services should be supported in the Internet telephony services using VoIP on the similar performance level to PSTN 911 service. According to the regulation, basic VoIP 911 calls should be routed to the general access line of LEA without the location information or the callback number, but the enhanced VoIP 911 calls with the location information and callback number should be routed on the dedicated 911 network and destined to the local 911 distribution center such as PSAP. But, in the current VoIP-based Internet telephony network, the emergency call service has not been handled as one of the special services as well at has a worse performance in comparison to it on PSTN. Moreover, the service has a critical problem that it can not be destined to the nearest PSAP because of the insufficient information about the location information and the call back number. In this paper, we suggest the SIP-based emergency call service mechanism in order to resolve the problems above mentioned. This suggested mechanism is implemented to show its effectiveness and efficiency.

고리 봉합법을 이용한 심부 수지 굴건 종지부에서의 건봉합

이규철,이동철,김진수,기세휘,노시영,양재원,Lee, Kyu-Cheol,Lee, Dong-Chul,Kim, Jin-Soo,Ki, Sae-Hwi,Roh, Si-Young,Yang, Jae-Won 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.5

Purpose: In the case of repair for far distal parts of FDP (Flexor digitorum profundus) division, the method of either pull-out suture or fixation of tendon to the distal phalanx is preferred. In this paper, the results of a modified loop suture technique used for the complete division of FDP from both zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b in Moiemen classification are presented. Methods: From July 2006 to July 2009, the modified loop suture technique was used for the 10 cases of FDP in complete division from zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b, especially where insertion sites were less than 1 cm apart from a tendon of a stump. In a suture technique, a loop is applied to each distal and proximal parts of tendon respectively. Core suture of 2-strand and epitendinous suture are done with PDS 4-0. Out of 10 patients, the study was done on 6 patients who were available for the followup. The average age of the patients was 49.1 years (in the range from 26 to 67). 5 males and 1 female patients were involved in this study. There were 3 cases with zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b. The average distance to the distal tendon end was 0.6 cm. There were 5 cases underwent microsurgical repair where both artery and nerve divided. One case of only tendon displacement was presented. The dorsal protective splint was kept for 5 weeks on average. The results of the following tests were measured: active & passive range of motion, grip strength test, key pinch and pulp pinch test. Results: The follow-up period on average was 11 months, in the range from 2 to 20 months. There was no case of re-rupture, but tenolysis was performed in 1 cases. In all 6 cases, the average active range of motion of distal interphalangeal joint was 50.8 degree. The grip strength (ipsilateral/contralateral) was measured as 88.7% and the pulp pinch test was 79.2% as those of contralateral side. Flexion contracture was presented in 2 cases (15 degree on average) and there was no quadrigia effect found. Conclusion: Despite short length of tendon from the insertion site in FDS rupture in zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b, sufficient functional recovery could be expected with the tendon to tendon repair using the modified loop suture technique.

천공 펀치 기계에 의한 수지 절단부의 재접합술

이규철,이동철,김진수,기세휘,노시영,양재원,Lee, Kyu-Cheol,Lee, Dong-Chul,Kim, Jin-Soo,Ki, Sae-Hwi,Roh, Si-Young,Yang, Jae-Won 대한미세수술학회 2010 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: Industrial punch accidents involving fingers cause segmental injuries to tendons and neurovascular bundles. Although multiple-level segmental amputations are not replanted to regain function, most patients with an amputated finger want to undergo replantation for cosmetic as much as functional reason. The authors describe four cases of digital amputation by an industrial punch that involved the reinstatement of the amputated finger involving a joint and neurovascular bundle. Amputated segments were replanted to restore amputated surfaces and distal segments. Methods: A single institution retrospective review was performed. Inclusion criteria of punch injuries requiring replantation were applied to patients of all demographic background. Injury extent (size, tissue involvement), operative intervention, pre- and postoperative hand function were recorded. Result: Four cases of amputations were treated at our institute from 2004 to 2008 from industrial punch machine injury. Average patient age was 32.5 years (25~39 years) and there were three males and one female. Sizes of amputated segments ranged from $1.0{\times}1.0{\times}1.2\;cm^3$ to $3{\times}1.5{\times}1.6\;cm^3$. Tenorrhaphy was conducted after fixing fractured bone of the amputated segments with K-wire. Proximal and distal arteries and veins were repaired using the through & through method. The average follow-up period was thirteen months (2~26 months), and all replanted cases survived. Osteomyelitis occurred in one case, skin grafting after debridement was performed in two cases. Because joints were damaged in all four cases, active ranges of motion were much limited. However, a secondary tendon graft enhanced digit function in two cases. The two-point discrimination test showed normal values for both static and dynamic tests for three cases and 9 mm and 15 mm by dynamic and static testing, respectively, in one case. Conclusion: Though amputations from industrial punch machines are technically challenging to replant, our experience has shown it to be a valid therapy. In cases involving punch machine injury, if an amputated segment is available, the authors recommend that replantation be considered for preservation of finger length, joint mobility, and overall functional recovery of the hand.

세종대 파저강(婆猪江) 재정벌(再征伐)과 대외정벌 정책

이규철(Lee, Kyu-chul) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2015 군사 Vol.- No.95

During the period of Sejong"s reign over the Joseon, the policy for conquering foreign powers began discussing more seriously. Since the foundation of the Joseon, it had continued to show interests in the northern regions. In addition, the King Taejo and Taejong strived to secure influence in the surrounding areas of Amnok River and the Duman River, taking into account the relationship with the Ming. One of these representative foreign policies of the Joseon was the ‘onquest’ against the savages. In the face of strong protest from the retainers, Sejong was determined to carry out the re-conquest of the regions surrounding the Pajeo River. This showed that Sejong had expanded his political power over the country as a result of the first conquest. The ultimate goal of the Joseon occupying the Pajeo River again was to capture Lee Man Ju, chief of the barbarians called Jurchen. This was because the Joseon had an intention to spread its clout around by removing the figure playing a pivotal role within the Jurchen population in the region of Geonju-wi. More importantly, it was the struggle with the Ming to gain the upper hand over the hegemony of the Jurchen group centering on the whole area of the Amnok River. It seems to me that the Joseon would not shut its eyes to the groups led by Lee Manju, who received the approval from the Ming to move them in the Pajeo River area that the Joseon considered under its influence. Besides, the Lee Manju group put more emphasis on a close rapport with the Ming rather than with the Joseon. The Joseon, therefore, sought to obtain the actual control over the entire area of the Amnok River by getting rid of the forces of Lee Manju. The foreign policy for conquests outside the Joseon was the most suitable and useful one to attack external influences using military strength and take advantage of the achievements. It"s because such conquest policy could have an impact on foreign powers as well as domestic groups. This is why foreign subjugation became a proper type of policy that can be politically used in various ways. Since despite the fact that there was a high possibility of failure, if it was successful, it would be expected to produce a bigger fruit, King Sejong took the lead to push ahead and carry out the conquest even when facing strong objection from his subjects.

세조대 모련위 정벌의 의미와 대명인식

이규철(Lee Kyu Chul) 한국사연구회 2012 한국사연구 Vol.158 No.-

It is necessary to examine why Joseon executed Nangbarahan(낭발아한) to understand the cause of Joseon’s conquest of Moryeonwi in King Sejo’s reign. Joseon tried to eliminate strong Jurchen chiefs when they did not remain under its control. By doing so, Joseon sought to eliminate those who could serve as pivotal figures in Jurchen and to expand Joseon’s influence. Joseon’s conquest of Moryeonwi was not in revenge for invasion from Yain. There already was a consensus across Joseon that it should now take on a foreign conquest. A conquest means to exert extreme force on external powers. This requires not only a preparatory period but also careful consideration of aftermaths of the conquest and financial expenses. Particularly, its failure holds the risk of a heavy blow to the authority of Joseon and its king. In light of this, invasions from Abiguh (아비거) and others are seen to have been used as a justification for the conquest, rather than its direct cause. Sejo launched a conquest of Moryeonwi earlier than originally scheduled, and ordered that the envoy to Ming be brought to Pyeongyang, where his arrival was previously forbidden. Sejo also went on a patrol of northern regions. During his patrol. Sejo intended to meet the Ming envoy in Pyeongyang and receive his reports on the success of the conquest of Moryeonwi. Sejo wanted these three rituals to proceed in Pyeongyang simultaneously so as to strengthen his royal authority further. Joseon kept in touch with Yain in the following years. At the same time, its conquest had been more frequently discussed than before. Joseon was not damaged by neighboring forces at the time. It rather tried to control them with its overwhelming military force. Joseon’s conquest of Jurchen was not in response to invasions from Yain. Its purpose was to make Yain surrender to Joseon by exerting military force. Using the outcome of the conquest in his ruling of Joseon, King Sejo sought to expand his political influence and strengthen the royal authority. Since King Taejong came to power, Joseon emphasized obedience and subservience to Ming. Joseon in the 15th century, however, often showed an ambivalent attitude toward Ming. A representative example of this is its relation with Jurchen, specifically its conquest. Obedience held important value for Joseon, but it could be taken advantage of at any time to consolidate the royal authority.

154kV 상대단 변전소 전력설비간 인터록 설치방안 연구

이규철(Kyu-Chul Lee),민병욱(Byeong-wook Min),신명식(Myoung-sik Shin),최준혁(Joon-Hyuk Choi) 대한전기학회 2011 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.7

[서평]「XML Camp」

이규철(Kyu-Chul Lee) 한국정보과학회 2002 정보과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

<기획논문2 - 도봉구에 묻힌 조선왕조 왕실 인물들의 재조명> 임영대군과 오산군을 통해서 본 조선초기 종친의 역할

이규철 ( Lee Kyu Chul ) 덕성여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 인문과학연구 Vol.20 No.-

조선은 건국 초기부터 왕도정치와 민본의 이념을 내세우며, 새로운 국가의 모습을 형성하고자 노력했다. 건국 시조가 되었던 태조를 비롯해 태종·세종·세조 등은 강한 정치권력을 바탕으로 국정을 운영하고자 했다. 특히 태종과 세조는 왕위에 오르기 위해 자신과 경쟁하거나 자신을 지지하지 않았던 많은 수의 종친들을 제거했다. 하지만 역설적으로 조선초기의 국왕들은 강력한 군주권을 형성하고 유지하기 위해 다양한 정치집단의 지지를 필요로 했다. 이때 국왕의 입장에서 정치적으로 활용 가능성이 높은 집단이 종친들이었다. 국왕과 혈연 관계로 맺어졌던 종친들은 자신들의 의지와는 상관없이 조선초기의 복잡한 정치환경 속에서 자유로울 수 없는 존재였다. 세조는 단종을 폐위시켰고, 정권 획득의 경쟁자였던 안평대군과 금성대군을 제거했다. 이러한 와중에 임영대군과 같은 형제들의 자신에 대한 지지는 매우 중요했다. 따라서 세조는 재위기간 내내 임영대군을 중용했고, 임영대군에 대한 우애와 신뢰를 여러 차례 밝혔다. 오산군 역시 세조에게 총애를 받아 중용되었지만 그가 종친 중에서 보다 중요한 역할을 담당했던 것은 성종의 재위기였다. 세조대에는 부친 임영대군이 종친들의 중심 역할을 했기 때문에 오산군에 대한 세조의 애정에도 불구하고 그의 역할은 제한적이었다. 반면 성종대에는 오산군이 종친부의 중심 역할을 하면서 자연스럽게 정치적 역할이 확대되었다. The Choson Dynasty had taken sage kingship and people-centered politics as its key strategies since its founding period in an effort to establish a new type of state. Kings, including King T’aejo, the founder of the dynasty, and King T’aejong·Sejong·Sejo attempted to administer the government based on strong political powers. In particular, King T’aejong and King Sejo eliminated a number of royal rela-tives who challenged them or didn’t support themselves to protect their kingship. Paradoxically, however, kings during the early Choson period were in need of the support of various political groups to solidify their sovereignty. From the perspec-tive of the king, it was the royal relatives, amongst other political groups, that had a high potential for political utilization. Regardless of their will, those royal relatives who were connected to the king by blood could hardly be free from the complicated political atmosphere of the early Choson dynasty. King Sejo dethroned King Tanjong and eliminated his competitors, Grand Prince Anp’yong and Grand Prince Kumsong. In the midst of that political turmoil, King Sejo avidly sought support from his brothers such as Grand Prince Imyong. Accordingly, King Sejo appointed Grand Prince Imyong to various positions and displayed his steady fraternity and trust in the prince during his entire reign. Prince Osan also won King Sejo’s favor and was appointed to various posts of trust. However, since his father prince Imyong played a key role among royal rela-tives during the reign of King Sejo, Prince Osan’s role was limited. Therefore, it was during the reign of King Songjong when his role became more influential among the royal relatives: at that time, the political role of Prince Osan expanded serving as a key figure of the Office of Royal Clan.

1419년 대마도 정벌의 의도와 성과

이규철(Lee Kyu-chul) 한국역사연구회 2009 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.74

Joseon's conquest of Taemado was the nation's extensive external activities and military operations undertaken during its early years. Under the reigns of Taejo through Taejong, Joseon had maintained considerably strained relations with neighboring countries. During the reign of Teajo, Joseon promoted friendly relations with Ming dynasties in an effort to improve bilateral ties, but the tension between the two parties had not been fully resolved. Given these conditions, Joseon's conquest of Taemado mobilizing 227 warships and 17,285 soldiers might have had a significant influence over neighboring countries. In addition, Joseon might have needed to take into serious consideration its relationship with neighboring states before launching large-scale external military operations. In this respect, examination of the cause and objective of Joseon's Taemado conquest will show a clear picture of Joseon's international relations and of the nation's goal in international relations during its early period. Such examination will also show how Joseon used its Taemado conquest in order to pursue its own national interest which betrays the nation's principle of diplomatic policy-to serve the great and maintain amicable relations with neighboring states.

공민왕대 대외정벌 정책의 추진과 시행

이규철(Lee, Kyu-chul) 역사실학회 2016 역사와실학 Vol.59 No.-

고려는 공민왕의 재위기 부터 대외정벌을 준비해 본격적으로 추진하고 시행했다. 원의 간섭 체제 아래 있었던 고려는 공민왕을 중심으로 기존의 지배질서를 타파하려는 적극적 움직임을 보였다. 공민왕은 여말선초 시기 대외정벌 정책에서 가장 상징적 인물이라 설명할 수 있다. 그는 대외정벌 정책을 적극적으로 활용해서 고려가 원의 영향력에서 벗어날 수 있도록 하는 계기를 만들었고, 고려의 영역을 회복했다. 공민왕이 적극적으로 대외정벌을 시행하면서 국정을 이끌어 가던 통치 방식은 후계자가 되는 우왕은 물론 조선초기의 국왕들에게도 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 당시 고려는 중원의 새로운 강자로 등장한 명과의 관계 개선에 힘쓰고 있는 상황이었다. 아울러 홍건적과 왜구 세력에게 커다란 피해를 입었다. 이러한 상황에서도 고려는 지속적으로 대외정벌을 준비해 시행했다. 더욱이 정벌 대상이 고려에게 피해를 주었던 왜구나 홍건적 등이 아니라 요양과 여진, 제주 지역이었다는 점은 당시 대외정벌이 외부세력의 압박에 대한 반발이라기보다는 계획된 정책의 일환이었다는 점을 보여준다. Goryeo prepared foreign conquest and develop and enforced foreign conquest policy in a full scale during King Gongmin"s regime. Goryeo, which was under the control of Yuan Dynasty, made active attempts along with King Gongmin to break down the existing ruling order. King Gongmin is the most symbolic figure in the foreign conquest policy during the period between the end of Goryeo and the beginning of Joseon Dynasty. He utilized the foreign conquest policy actively to make an opportunity for Goryeo to get free from the influence of Yuan Dynastry and to recover the territory of Goryeo. As King Gongmin enforces the foreign conquest actively, his ruling method had great impacts on the kings in the early Josean Dynasty period as well as on his successor King Woo. Goryeo at that time was trying to improve the relationship with Ming Dynasty which emerged as a new power in China. In addition, Goryeo suffered from considerable damage by Red Turban Badits and Japanese invaders. Under this situation, Goryeo consistently prepared and enforced foreign conquests. Moreover, the target for conquest was not basis for Japanese invaders or Red Turban Bandits but Yoyang, Yeojin and Tamra regions, which demonstrates that the foreign conquest at that time was not the opposition against the pressure from outside powers but a part of planned policy.