한국 소아에서 모유 수유와 천명 발생 위험의 관계: 2010-2012년 국민건강영양조사자료를 근거로

이경석 ( Kyung Suk Lee ),최선희 ( Sun Hee Choi ),최용성 ( Yong Sung Choi ),오인환 ( In Hwan Oh ),나영호 ( Yeong Ho Rha ) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회 2014 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.2 No.2

Purpose: There is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship between breast-feeding and development of wheezing in early childhood. Epidemiological evidence for a role of breast-feeding on risk of wheezing is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between breast feeding and risk of current wheezing in early childhood in Korea. Methods: We combined the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected from 2010 to 2012 and analyzed 1,011 children from 1 to 3 years olds who had been surveyed in regards to breast-feeding. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify association among the following variables: presence of current wheezing, feeding types and duration of breast-feeding. Results: Prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding and current wheezing decreased both annually from 2010 to 2012. In the univariate analysis, breast-feeding, formula-feeding, duration of breast-feeding were not associated significantly with current wheezing of children younger than 3 years old. No measureable statistically significant relation was observed among breast-feeding, formula-feeding, duration of breast-feeding and risk of current wheezing in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The present study showed no statistically significant relationship between breast-feeding and the risk of wheeze in early childhood in Korean children. National prospective study is needed to clarify the role of breast-feeding in development of current wheezing. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2014;2:103-107)

한국판 공정문화 척도(K-JCAT)의 타당화 연구

이경은(Lee, Kyung-Eun),이재인(Lee, Jae-In),손영우(Sohn, Young-Woo),하유진 대한경영학회 2013 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.26 No.12

고효율 Single-Stage 300W급 PFC Flyback Converter

이경인(Kyung-In Lee),장준호(Jun-Ho Jang),강신호(Shin-Ho Kang),임승범(Seung-Beom Lim),이준영(Jun-Young Lee) 전력전자학회 2007 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Recently, regulation for THD(Total Harmonic Distortion) such as IEC 61000-3-2, IEEE 519 is being reinforced about a product which directly connects to AC line in order to prevent distortion of common power source in electronic equipment and electrical machinery. In order to satisfy these regulations, conventional circuits were used two-stage structure attached power factor correction circuit at ahead of converter but this method complicate the circuit and then a number of element increases thereupon the cost of production rises. In this paper, we propose a high efficiency single-stage 300W PFC flyback converter, that improved power factor and efficiency than conventional two-stage power module.

한국 신생아의 폐 표면 활성제 단백-A1 (Human Surfactant Protein-A1) 유전자 대립형질의 분포와 빈도

이경신,김영희,석정수,고정호,유욱준,이인규,오명호,배종우,Lee, Kyung Shin,Kim, Young Hee,Suk, Jung Su,Ko, Jung Ho,Yoo, Ook Joon,Lee, In Kyu,Oh, Myung Ho,Bae, Chong Woo 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.12

목 적 : RDS 발생과 BPD로의 이행을 예측 할 수 있고, 스테로이드 치료에 새로운 지표로서 사용 될 수 있는 SP-A1의 유전자 대립형질의 한국분포 및 빈도를 밝히고 새로운 종류의 유전자 대립형질을 발견하기 위하여 본 연구를 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2002년 4월까지 순천향대학교 천안병원, 경희대학교병원 신생아실에 입원한 정상 신생아 100명을 대상으로 하여, SP-A1 유전자의 대립 형질을 위해 시발체(primer) 765/787, 767/768, 788/21를 이용하여 증폭 시킨 후 19, 50, 62, 133, 219 위치의 nucleotide를 알아보기 위하여 각 위치에 맞는 제한 효소(restriction enzyme)를 이용하여 (PCR-cRFLP-based methodology) 자른 후 전기 영동 하여 염기서열의 차이를 알아냈다. 결 과 : 아미노산 염기 서열의 차이에 의하여, 6A, $6A^2$, $6A^3$, $6A^4$, $6A^8$, $6A^9$, $6A^{10}$, $6A^{11}$, $6A^{12}$, $6A^{13}$, $6A^{14}$, $6A^{15}$, $6A^{16}$, $6A^{17}$, $6A^{18}$, $6A^{20}$ 등의 16개의 대립형질이 발견되었으며, SP-A1 중 $6A^3$ 45%, $6A^2$ 21%의 분포를 보였고, $6A^4$, $6A^8$, $6A^{14}$도 1% 이상의 분포를 보였다. 이외에도 6A, $6A^9$, $6A^{10}$, $6A^{11}$, $6A^{12}$, $6A^{13}$, $6A^{15}$, $6A^{16}$, $6A^{17}$, $6A^{18}$, $6A^{20}$의 대립형질이 6%의 분포를 보였으며, SP-A1의 Genotype은 $6A^26A^3$, $6A^36A^4$, $6A^36A^3$, $6A^26A^4$ 등이 88% 이상의 빈도를 보였다. 결 론 : RDS에 대해 보호체(protector)로 작용하는 $6A^3$의 빈도가 많은 것으로 보아 실질적으로도 우리나라에서 RDS의 발생률이 적을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 우리나라에 많은 빈도를 보이는 $6A^3$는 다른 대립형질에 비해 스테로이드를 사용 할 때 유전자 발현에 많은 억제를 보여 숙주 반응에 중요하게 작용하는 SP-A의 혈청 내 농도가 적을 것으로 추측되어, 감염에 노출 될 위험이 많으므로 우리나라에서는 스테로이드 치료에 있어서 많은 연구가 있어야겠다. Purpose : We evaluated allele frequencies and distribution of surfactant protein A1(SP-A1) in Korean neonates in order to estimate prevalence of RDS to find out new SP-A alleles, and to establish new steroid therapy. Methods : Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 neonates and served as a template in PCR for genotype analysis. SP-A gene-specific amplications and gene-specific allele determinations were performed using PCR-RFLP methods. Results : The distribution for the alleles of the SP-A1 gene in the study population were 6A, $6A^2$, $6A^3$, $6A^4$, $6A^8$, $6A^9$, $6A^{10}$, $6A^{11}$, $6A^{12}$, $6A^{13}$, $6A^{14}$, $6A^{15}$, $6A^{16}$, $6A^{17}$, $6A^{18}$, $6A^{20}$. The specific frequencies for the alleles of the SP-A1 gene in the study population were : $6A^2=21%$, $6A^3=45%$, $6A^4=11%$, $6A^8=9%$, $6A^{14}=8%$. Conclusion : The frequency of $6A^3$ was higher than the other SP-A1 alleles in Korean neonates. This finding suggests that the prevalence of RDS in Korea may be low compared with other countries. However, this finding also suggests that Korean neonates have a high risk of infection.

부산지역 교실배식 초등학교생들의 손 씻기 인식 및 이행 실태

이경아 ( Kyung A Lee ),이민영 ( Min Yung Lee ),박인식 ( In Shik Park ) 대한영양사협회 2009 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.15 No.3

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate elementary students` awareness of the importance of hand washing, as well as their hand-washing behavior. The data was collected by self-reported questionnaire from 697 students in elementary schools with serving food in a classroom in Busan. Their hand-washing frequency was high, at `3∼4 times per day (37.0%)`. 51.0% of the respondents did not wash their hands that often because they were `not accustomed` to washing their hands, and 35.9% of respondents regarded washing their hands as `annoying`. The most frequently reported hand washing agent was `soap and water (71.4%)`. Approximately 95∼98% of the respondents always washed their hands after using the bathroom, 87.9% of them washed their hands before eating food, and 86.7% of them washed their hands upon returning home. However, 27.3%, 34.1% and 65.9% of the respondents did not wash their hands after handling money, after eating, and after coughing or sneezing, respectively. Significant factors related to increased hand-washing frequency were gender (p<0.001) and the period of attendance at kindergarten (p<0.05). The mean scores of importance and performance of hand washing were significantly higher for girls than for boys. The group with higher rate (over 4.5/5.0) for the importance of sanitary hand-washing behavior showed significantly higher scores in hand-washing behavior before serving food and before eating than those of the lower rated group (below 4.0/5.0). This study shows that sanitation education is required not only for food handlers but also for students in school foodservices.

지역아동센터 아동 대상 조리교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용

이경아 ( Kyung-a Lee ),이경애 ( Kyong-ae Lee ),권미라 ( Meera Kweon ),김미자 ( Mi-ja Kim ),류은순 ( Eun Soon Lyu ),문보경 ( Bo Kyung Moon ),박옥진 ( Ok Jin Park ),이애랑 ( Ae-rang Lee ),이윤진 ( Yoon-jin Lee ),이인선 ( In-seon Lee 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2021 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop cooking program for children at community center. Methods: This study consisted of three parts. Part I involved determining the demand for a cooking program by educators (dietitians). In parts II and III the cooking program was developed and applied, respectively. A survey was carried out on 66 educators (dietitians) using self-administered questionnaire. Questions were based on current status and requirements of cooking programs. Cooking recipes and videos were focused on easily applicated, using common food ingredients, and safe for children. After application of the cooking education, program satisfaction was investigated. Results: Educators (dietitians) stated they needed a well constructed educational program, educational tools, and teaching manuals for children. In accord with survey results, three cooking recipes and videos were developed for children and recipe illustration cards were produced. Menus were ‘baby gimbap with a perilla leaf’, ‘steamed egg with tofu and scallions’, and ‘a bowl of rice with bean sprouts and egg’. Educators’ satisfaction scores for the developed cooking program after it has been applied at 12 community centers were very high. Conclusion: A various and practical cooking education program should be developed for children at community centers.

간외 전이로 처음 발견된 간세포암종 늑골 전이로 발현된 간세포암종

이경인 ( Kyung In Lee ),권영란 ( Young Lan Kwon ),김윤정 ( Yoon Jung Kim ),서혜진 ( Hye Jin Seo ),김용진 ( Yong Jin Kim ),박창욱 ( Chang Wook Park ),김은수 ( Eun Soo Kim ),장병국 ( Byoung Kuk Jang ),정우진 ( Woo Jin Chung ),박경식 대한간암학회 2010 대한간암학회지 Vol.10 No.-

Bone metastasis is not uncommon and shows poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We describe a case of HCC presenting with rib metastasis in a 54-year-old man. In spite of radiotherapy for rib metastasis, pain was sustained and size of lesions were increased. So we performd CT-guided percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT). Whenever new metastatic bone lesions were detected, we have done PEIT. However, abdominal CT scan at 25th month after diagnosis shows residual viable tumors in pelvic bone and multiple metastatic nodules in both lung. He is alive by taking conservative management for 27 months after diagnosis.

최근 10년간 대구,경북 지역 성인에서 바이러스성 간염 표지자 양성률의 변화양상

이경인 ( Kyung In Lee ),박경식 ( Kyung Sik Park ),서혜진 ( Hye Jin Seo ),김태열 ( Tae Yul Kim ),김은수 ( Eun Soo Kim ),장병국 ( Byoung Kuk Jang ),정우진 ( Woo Jin Chung ),조광범 ( Kwang Bum Cho ),황재석 ( Jae Seok Hwang ) 대한소화기학회 2011 대한소화기학회지 Vol.58 No.2

Background/Aims: There have been only few studies on the population-adjusted seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and on the change of them for more than 10 years in Korea. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate them at a single health center in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province considering the population composition ratio. Methods: We analyzed the seromarkers of HBV and HCV of 6,237 randomly sampled adults who had received health screening at the health promotion center in Dongsan hospital during the periods from year 1997 to 1999 (Period A) and from 2007 to 2009 (Period B). Results: The seroprevalences of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and anti-HCV were 4.8%, 70.2%, 47.4%, and 0.5%, respectively. There is no difference in the seroprevalence of HBsAg between period A and B. However, downward tendency of prevalence through A to B from 6.8% to 4.5% could be found in 40s, and upward tendency from 4.7% to 6.8% in 50s. As for the seroprevalence of anti-HCV, although there was no difference through A to B, for 50s, it decreasd from 2.0% to 0.3% (p=0.007). However, for 60s, it increased as much as decreasd for 50s. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of HBsAg in Daegu/Gyeongbuk province was 4.8% and showed no difference through the time period of 10 years. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 0.5% and also showed no difference through the time periods. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2011;58:82-87)

수정에 실패한 인간 난자에 있어서의 염색체의 수의 이상

손원영,이경아,박상희,한세열,윤태기,정형민,곽인평,차광열,Son, Weon-Young,Lee, Kyung-Ah,Park, Sang-Hee,Han, Sei-Yul,Yoon, Tae-Ki,Jung, Hyung-Min,Kwak, In-Pyung,Cha, Kwang-Yul 대한생식의학회 1995 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Many oocytes fail to fertilize and cleave in vitro and many embryos transferred back to uterus fail to implant or maintain implantation. Chromosomal abnormalities in the male and female gametes may contribute to this loss. The higher incidence of meiotic chromosomal abnormalities bas been found in oocytes than in sperm. The wide range of incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in unfertilized oocytes has been reported in human IVF program (26-63%). However, factors affecting chromosomal abnormalities are not well understood. The present study has been conducted to investigate effects of the method for ovarian hyperstimulation, women's age, and the number of oocytes retrieved per patients on the incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Five hundred eighty four unfertilized metaphase II oocytes were subjected to chromosomal analysis. Included unfertilized oocytes were from 220 patients (mean $age=32.7{\pm}3.0$) and three hundred thirty oocytes were legible for analysis. Two hundred fourty five oocytes out of 330 (73.3%) were normal, while 38 (11.5%) were hyperploidy, 35 (10.6%) were hypoploidy, and 12 (3.6%) were diploidy. Significant difference in chromosomal abnormalities was not found between two patient groups stimulated by follicular stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotrophin (FSH/HMG) (25.9%) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist/follicular stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotrophin (GnRHa/FSH/HMG) (28%). There was a tendency of increasing chromosomal abnormalities in unfertilized oocytes from older patients (<30 yrs: 20.3%, 30-34yrs: 26.9%, >34 yrs: 35.3%). The number of oocytes retrieved per patient had no effect the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (1-5: 31. 4%, 6-10: 29.8%, 11-15: 28.6%, > 15: 16.5%). These results from the present study suggest that the chromosomal abnormalities observed in the unfertilized oocytes has not affected by the stimulation methods, patient's age, and the number of oocytes retrieved per patients.

송아지의 수양성 설사증에 대한 침술효과

최희인,이경갑,윤영민,박성준,장정호,Choi Hee-in,Lee Kyung-kap,Yun Young-min,Park Seong-jun,Chang Jeong-ho 한국임상수의학회 1994 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

A consecutive Jiao Chio acupuncture therapy was performed for 3 days in the 45-90 days old 11 calves of which have been shown severe watery diarrhea. The discharge of the infected calves was yellowish brown in color. Two calves of these patients were infected wi pulmonary disease as well as diarrhea. Thus, Su Qi and Fei Yu acupuncture therapy was carried out additionally after dosing with antibiotics twice for The two infected calves. Blood chemical values and serum neutralizing antibody titers were checked, and total blood cell count was also carried out to know the therapeutic effect before and after(21 days) acupuncture therapeutics. The results are as follows ; 1, The diarrhea has ceased one day after begining of the acupuncture therapy in 5 calves, and the cessation of the diarrhea in remaining calves occurred in 1 calf each on 3rd and 4th day, and 2 calves on 6th day, respectively. Two calves infected with pulmonary disease as well diarrhea were cured 8 days after the begining of the therapcutics. 2. Rotaviruses wire detected in the feces of 2 calves, and bovine diarrhea viruses were detected in the 8 calves by the test for serum neutralizing antibody titers, and bovine coronaviruses were also detected in 5 calves. Four calves of the 5 bovine coronavirus infected calves were also infected with bovine diarrhea viruses. 3. Total leucocyte number, total amount of serum protein, and amount of fibringen were slightly increased, while total erythrocyte number, and erythrocyte packed cell volume were slightly decreased. These valucs were statistically not significant. Electrolytes of Na/sup +/, K/sup +/ and Cl/sup -/ were slightly decreased but these values also were not significant. These results indicate that the acupuncture therapeutics arc significantly effective to remove the viral diarrhea in the young calves.