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탄허 택성 사상의 고유성과 독특성 ― 최치원의 현묘지도와 탄허의 회통적 근거를 중심으로―
황상진 ( Hwang,Sang-jin ) 동국대학교 세계불교학연구소 2021 불교 철학 Vol.9 No.-
한국 불교의 고유성과 정체성은 회통불교라는 담론을 중심으로 다양한 논쟁이 있었다. 그러나 인류사상사는 다양하고 이질적인 사유들이 지역과 시대를 넘어 서로 상호영향 속에서 끊임없이 새롭게 나아가기 때문에 회통적일 수 밖에 없다. 회통은 유독 한국만의 특성은 아니므로 생산적 논의를 위해서는 불교의 한국적 회통의 성격을 규명하고 그 세계관의 일치된 근거를 확인하는 작업이 선행돼야 한다. 본 논문은 탄허택성의 유불도 3교 회통사상을 고운 최치원이 제시한 현묘지도의 주체적 포함삼교의 전통과 연속선에서 파악하면서, 한국불교의 회통적 시각이 무실체적 생성론의 세계관에 근거함을 밝히고 있다. 먼저 승려로서 탄허의 기본적 관점인 연기법의 의미가 고정 불변적인 실체없이 끊임없이 창발한다는 상호의존적 생성의 원리임을 밝혔다. 또한 삼교의 한 축인 유교의 역(易)사상도 천지의 창조적 활동력을 강조한다는 점과 역의 무실체성을 드러낸다는 점에서 변화중심의 생성론 세계관의 토대를 공유한다. 마지막으로 탄허의 회통적 정체성의 기원을 최치원의 “현묘지도(玄妙之道)”와 “풍류(風流)”의 언급에서 찾고자 한다. “현묘”란 한국문화의 집단무의식적 원형(archetype)으로써 문화적 정체성과 독자적 주체성의 핵심이 되는 말이다. 『노자』에서 빌려온 표현인 현(玄)은 유와 무, 무명과 무명, 묘(妙)와 요(徼) 등 모든 이분적 대립자들이 동일성[同]으로 귀일하는 비규정적 역동성이다. 현(玄)은 영원히 명사화를 거부하며 천지만물의 현상세계를 약동시키는 생명력이다. 탄허는 이 현(玄)의 생성적 일원론을 삼교까지 확장하여 유교의 중(中)-화(和), 형이상-형이하, 불교의 진여-생멸, 불성-육도만행 등의 이문(二門)적 계열들을 회통하는 일원(一元)적 근거로 삼았다. There have been various debates centering on the discourse that the uniqueness and identity of Korean Buddhism is “interpenetrating Buddhism” (K. tong bulgyo). However, the history of human thoughts is bound to be integrated because various and heterogeneous thoughts constantly move forward in mutual influence beyond regions and times. Since interpenetrating Buddhism is not a unique characteristic of Korea, for productive discussions, it is necessary to investigate the nature of Buddhism’s Korean interpenetration and confirm the consistent basis of its worldview. The purpose of this paper is to grasp Tanheo(呑虛, 1913~1983)’s integrated idea of Confucianism-Buddhism-Daoism in succession with Choi, Chi-won(崔致遠, 857~?)’s “Profound and Mystical Dao(Hyun-Myo-jido 玄妙之道)” revealing that the interpenetrating view of Korean Buddhism is based on the worldview of inactual Becoming theory. First of all, it was revealed that the meaning of “Interdependent Arising(緣起法)”, the basic perspective of Tanhe as a monk, is an interdependent principle of creation that constantly emerges without a fixed invariant substance. In addition, the “Change(易)” philosophy of Confucianism, one of the pillars of the three religions, also shares the foundation of the worldview of creation centered on change in that it emphasizes the creative activity of heaven and earth. Finally, I would like to find the origin of Tanhe’s integrated identity in Choi Chi-won’s mention of “Profound and Mystical Dao”(玄妙之道) and “The Flow of Wind”(風流). “Hyun-Myo”(玄妙) is a collective unconscious prototype of Korean culture, which is the core of cultural identity and independent subjectivity. “Hyeon”(玄), an expression borrowed from Laozi (老子), is an irregular dynamism in which all dichotomous confrontations return to identity. It is a vital force that forever refuses to become a noun and promotes the world of phenomena in heaven and earth. Tanhe extended this Hyeon’s generative unification theory to three schools as a unified basis for integrating all dichotomy.
황상진(Sangjin Hwang),신정규(Jungkyu Shin),박경진(Gyungjin Park),황인진(Injin Hwang),이권희(Kwonhee Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2002 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2002 No.11
A lot of electric vehicles have usually adopted the ASF(Aluminum Space Frame) type rather than the monocoque<br/> or unitary construction type since the first is easier to reduce mass efficiently with the required stiffness and strength.<br/> Through the structural analysis, LSV(Low Speed Vehicle) performances such as stiffness and strength are evaluated.<br/> Based on the structural analysis, the optimization formulation of the ASF is set to decrease mass with satisfying<br/> stress and stiffness constraints. While it is assumed that sectional shapes of the members in ASF are fixed, the<br/> optimum thickness of members is determined. Through the optimization, the members that play important roles in<br/> the static stiffness improvement are found. Finally, the performances of the initial design and the optimum design are<br/> compared. The structural analysis and optimization are performed using the commercial software, FEMB/GENESIS<br/> Ver.7.0.
디젤기관에 있어서 에멀젼연료가 배기배출물 특성에 미치는 영향
조상곤,황상진,유동훈,임재근,Cho, Sang-Gon,Hwang, Sang-Jin,Yoo, Dong-Hoon,Lim, Jae-Keun 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2007 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Diesel engines have high thermal efficiency, and they have less CO & HC emissions than another engines. while NOx & Soot emissions are very much. compared with exhaust emission standards. However, the limit level is more and more strengthened yearly due to the importance of environmental protection. So, the optimal countermeasures for the reduction of NOx & Soot emissions below limit level are required. Therefore. the author has investigated the effects of emulsified fuel on the characteristics of exhaust emissions. using an four-cycle, four-cylinder and direct injection diesel engine because the using of emulsified fuel among various methods for reducing NOx & Soot emissions is simple in installation low in cost and high in efficiency. The results of investigation according to various operating conditions are as follows : 1) Specific fuel consumption increase maximum 19.8% at low load. but is not affected at full load. 2) In case of emulsion ratio 25%, NOx emission decrease 32% at 75% load. 30% at full load. 3) In case of emulsion ratio 25%, Soot emission decrease 84% at 75% load, 59% at full load.
디젤기관에 있어서 에멀젼 연료가 연소특성에 미치는 영향
임재근(J. K. Lim),조상곤(S. G. Cho),황상진(S. J. Hwang),유동훈(D. H. Yoo),서장원(J. W. Seo) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-
A study on the combustion characteristics by using Emulsion Fuel in Diesel Engine is performed experimentally. In this paper, the experiments are performed at engine speed 1800rpm, emulsion fuel ratio is 0%, 10%, 20%, and main measured items are specific fuel consumption, pressure, ratio of pressure rise, rate of heat release etc. The obtained conclusions are as follows. 1) Specific fuel consumption increase maximum 19.8% at low load, but is not effected at full load. 2) Ratio of pressure rise and rate of heat release are about the same in the case of 10% and 20% of emulsion fuel ratio. 3) Cylinder Pressure increase 11.7%, ratio of pressure rise increase 60.4% in case of emulsion fuel ratio 20% at full load. 4) Rate of heat release increase 76.9% in case of emulsion fuel ratio 20% at full load.