제주지역 도로변 대기 중 에어로졸의 입경별 조성특성

허철구,김수미,이기호,Hu, Chul-Goo,Kim, Su-Mi,Lee, Ki-Ho 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

To determine the size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIS) in roadside aerosols, sampling experiments were carried out in the urban roadside area of Jeju City on August 2018 and January 2019 by using the eight-stage cascade impactor sampler. The mass of roadside aerosols were partitioned at 57% in fine fraction, 36-37% in coarse fraction, and 6-7% in giant fraction, regardless of summer and winter. The mass concentrations of WSIS except for Na+ and SO42- in roadside aerosols were higher in winter than in summer. The size distributions of Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^- were characterized by bimodal types with coarse particle mode peaking around 3.3-4.7 ㎛ and 5.8-9.0 ㎛. The size distributions of NO₃^- and K⁺ shifted from a single fine mode peaking around 0.7-1.1 ㎛ in winter to bimodal and/or trimodal types with peaks around coarse mode in summer. SO₄^2- and NH₄⁺ showed a single fine mode peaking around 0.7-1.1 ㎛. The MMAD of roadside aerosols was lower than that of Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl-. Based on the marine enrichment factors and the ratio values of WSIS and the corresponding value for sea water, the composition of roadside aerosols in Jeju City may be practically affected by terrestrial sources rather than marine source.

제주시 도심지역 미세먼지의 화학적 조성 특성

허철구 ( Chul-goo Hu ),이기호 ( Ki-ho Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.7

This study observed particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) in the downtown area of Jeju City, South Korea, to understand the chemical composition of particulates based on an analysis of the water-soluble ionic species contained in the particles. The mass fraction of the ionic species in the sampled PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was 44.3% and 42.2%, respectively. In contrast, in Daegu City and Suwon City, the mass fraction of the ionic species in PM_2.5 was higher than that in PM₁₀. The chloride depletion percentage of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in Jeju City was higher than 61% and 66%, respectively. The contribution of sea-salt to the mass of PM₁₀ (5.9%) and PM_2.5 (2.6%) in Jeju City was similar to that in several coastal regions of South Korea. The mass ratio of Cl^- to Na⁺ in the downtown area of Jeju City was comparable to that in some coastal regions, such as the Gosan Area of Jeju Island, Deokjeok Island, and Taean City. The mass fraction of sea-salt in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was very low, and the concentration of sodium and chloride ions in PM₁₀ was not correlated with those in PM_2.5 (R² < 0.2), suggesting that the effects of sea-salt on the formation of particulate matter in Jeju City might be insignificant. The relationship between NH₄⁺ and several anions such as SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, and Cl^-, as well as the relationship between the measurement and calculation of ammonium ion concentration, suggested that sea-salts may not react with H₂SO₄, and (NH₄)₂SO₄ may be a major secondary inorganic aerosol component of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Jeju City.

연구발표논문초록 ( 유동층 ) : 2단 유동층 연소로의 연소특성

허철구 (학),이제근 (정),전해수 (정) ( Chul Goo Hu,Jea Keun Lee & Hai Soo Chun ) 한국화학공학회 1988 춘계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

제주시 도로변에서의 에어로졸의 입경별 분포 특성

이기호,김수미,허철구,Lee, Ki-Ho,Kim, Su-Mi,Hu, Chul-Goo 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.9

Measurements on mass size distribution of roadside aerosols were obtained in downtown Jeju City from July 2018 to May 2020 using an 8-stage cascade impactor sampler and the compositions of aerosols were analyzed. The mass size distribution of total aerosols was bimodal with aerosols existing in both the fine and coarse modes. The mass size distributions of Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, NH₄⁺ and SO₄^2- were unimodal, whereas that of K⁺ was bimodal. For NO₃^-, the size distribution in winter and spring was bimodal with the peaks in both fine and coarse modes, whereas for summer and autumn the distribution was unimodal with a peak in the coarse mode. NH₄⁺ was found to co-exist with SO₄^2- in the fine mode with an average molar ratio of [NH₄⁺]/[SO₄^2-] equal to 2.05. Good correlation was observed between NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ in the fine mode particles in spring and winter. Based on the value of the marine enrichment factor for Cl^-, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2-, it may be inferred that a major part of the roadside aerosols in downtown Jeju City was largely contributed by terrigenous sources, although the influence of sea salt was normally present.

제주특별자치도 환경영향평가제도의 제도적 특징에 관한 고찰

양순미,이기호,허철구,Yang, Soon-Mi,Lee, Ki-Ho,Hu, Chul-Goo 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.8

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has implemented a self-governing environmental impact assessment system (Jeju-EIAS) in recognition of its autonomy. In this study, the institutional features of Jeju-EIAS were examined by analyzing the development projects whose consultation under Jeju-EIAS were completed from 1994 to 2019. The consultation procedure of Jeju-EIAS, such as the actual operation of Review Committee for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), the consent of the provincial council, and the regular follow-up activities for the implementation of EIA consultations, has been implemented differently from those of other metropolitan cities and provinces. Under Jeju-EIAS, types of development projects subject to consultation on EIA also take into account local conditions, and include the construction of aquarium basin and building. In addition, provisions concerning the scale of development projects is strengthened above the Korean Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act).

제주시 지역 미세먼지의 변동과 화학적 구성 특성

이기호,김수미,김길성,허철구,Lee, Ki-Ho,Kim, Su-Mi,Kim, Kil-Seong,Hu, Chul-Goo 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This study investigated the nitrate formation process, and mass closure of Particulate Matter (PM) were calculated over the urbanized area of Jeju Island. The data for eight water-soluble inorganic ions and nineteen elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were used. The results show that the nitrate concentration increased as excess ammonium increased in ammonium-rich samples. Furthermore, nitrate formation was not as important in ammonium-poor samples as it was in previous studies. According to the sum of the measured species, approximately 45~53% of gravimetric mass of PM remained unidentified. To calculate the mass closure for both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, PM chemical components were categorized into secondary inorganic aerosol, crustal matter, sea salt, trace matter and unidentified matter. The results by the mass reconstruction of PM components show that the portion of unidentified matter was decreased from 52.7% to 44.0% in PM_2.5 and from 45.1% to 29.1% in PM₁₀, despite the exclusion of organic matter and elemental carbon.

제주시 미세먼지(PM_2.5)에 함유된 원소의 조성특성 및 오염원

이기호 ( Ki-ho Lee ),허철구 ( Chul-goo Hu ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.7

From November 2013 to December 2016, ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) was sampled in the downtown area of Jeju City, South Korea, which has seen rapid urbanization. The atmospheric concentrations of elements were measured in the PM_2.5 samples. This study focused on Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, Sb, Sn, V, and Zn. The concentrations of Al, Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Sr, and La were also obtained for reference. The objectives of this study were to examine the contributions of these elements to PM_2.5 concentrations in downtown Jeju City, and to investigate the inter-element relationships and the elemental sources by using enrichment factors and principal components analysis (PCA). A composition analysis showed that the 19 elements constituted 6.65 % of the PM_2.5 mass, and Na, K, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Zn constituted 98 % of the total ion mass. Seasonal trend analysis for the sampling period indicated that the concentrations of the elements increased from November to April. However, no substantial seasonal variations were found in the concentrations of the elements. The composition ratios of some elements (Cu/Zn, Cu/Cd, Cu/Pb, V/Ni, and V/La) were found to be out of range when compared to the literature from other urban areas. The ratios between the elements and the PCA results showed that local contaminant sources in Jeju City rarely influence the composition of PM_2.5. This suggests that the major sources of PM_2.5 in Jeju City may include long-range transport of fine particulate matter produced in other areas.

대기배경지역 에어로졸의 입경별 수농도 연속 측정

강창희 ( Chang Hee Kang ),허철구 ( Chul Goo Hu ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The aerosol number concentration have measured with an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer(APS) at Gosan site, which is known as background area in Korea, from January to September 2011. The temporal variation and the size distribution of aerosol number concentration have been investigated. The entire averaged aerosol number concentration in the size range 0.25∼32.0 ㎛is about 252 particles/㎝3. The number concentration in small size ranges(≤ 0.5 ㎛) are very higher than those in large size ranges, such as, the number concentration in range of larger than 6.5 ㎛are almost zero particles/㎝3. The contributions of the number concentration to PM10 and/or PM2.5 are about 34%, 20.1% and 20.4% in the size range 0.25∼0.28 ㎛, 0.28∼0.30 ㎛and 0.30∼0.35 ㎛, respectively, however, the contributions are below 1% in range of larger than 0.58 ㎛. The monthly variations in the number concentration in smaller size range(<1.0 ㎛) are evidently different from the variations in range of larger than 1.0 ㎛, but the variations are appeared similar patterns in smaller size range(<1.0 ㎛), also the variations in range of larger than 1.0 ㎛are similar too. The diurnal variations in the number concentration for smaller particle(<1.0 ㎛) are not much, but the variations for larger particle are very evident. Size-fractioned aerosol number concentrations are dramatically decreased with increased particle size. The monthly differences in the size-fractioned number concentrations for smaller size range(<0.7 ㎛) are not observed, however, the remarkable monthly differences are observed for larger size than 0.7 ㎛.

제주도 제주항내 퇴적물 중의 부틸주석화합물의 오염

감상규 ( Sang Kyu Kam ),허철구 ( Chul Goo Hu ),이민규 ( Min Gyu Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Contamination of butyltin compounds (BTs), namely tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), was evaluated in sediments collected inside Jeju Harbor in 2001. The concentrations of BTs in surface sediments were comparable to those in other sites of domestic and foreign countries. The high correlations between BTs in surface (r2=0.83~0.91) and core (r2=0.70~0.79) sediments and the significant correlations between BTs concentrations and the number of incoming and outgoing vessels indicated that DBT and MBT were mainly degraded from TBT based on antifouling paints of vessels etc. and other sources, such as DBT and MBT, could be ignored. The butyltin degradation indices ([DBT]+[MBT]/[TBT]) in surface sediments were in the range of 2.2~3.6 (mean 2.7), indicating that the parent compound, TBT, was inflowed into the surface sediments a long ago, degraded and deposited. The sedimentation age of BTs contaminated core sediments could not estimated because the content of (210)Pb activity was nearly all the same and so the sedimentation rate could not obtained.

황사 시 제주지역 에어로졸의 수농도 특성

강창희 ( Chang Hee Kang ),허철구 ( Chul Goo Hu ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The aerosol number concentration have measured with an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer(APS) at Gosan in Jeju Island, which is known as background area in Korea, from March 2010 to February 2011. The obtained results of asian dust events and non asian dust period have been compared. The results show that the entire averaged aerosol number concentration from APS measurement during asian dust events and non asian dust period are about 341 particles/ ㎤ and 240 particles/ ㎤, respectively. During asian dust events, the number concentration in small size ranges(<0.4㎛) are similar to non-asian dust period. The contributions of the size resolved number concentration(23 channel in 0.25~10.0㎛) to total number concentration in That range are dramatically decreased with increased particle size. The contributions of smaller size ranges(<0.4㎛)during Asian dust events are very low compared with non asian dust period, on the other hand, those of larger size ranges(>0.4㎛) are higher than non asian dust period The number concentration in each size range are strongly correlated with the concentration in adjacent size range. And the Total aerosol number concentration are depended on the number concentration in range of smaller than 0.58㎛ during non asian dust period and asian dust events. On the other hand, PM10 mass concentration has mainly affected with the number concentration in range of smaller than 1.0㎛ during non asian dust period, however, during asian dust events, the mass concentration has mainly affected with the number concentration in range of 0.65~3.0㎛.