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사용성 문제의 분류 체계:문헌분석 및 새로운 개념적 프레임워크
함동한(Dong-Han Ham) 한국IT서비스학회 2008 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.7 No.4
It is widely known that usability is a critical quality attribute of IT systems. Many studies have developed various methods for finding out usability problems. Usability professionals have emphasized that usability should be integrated into the development life cycle in order to maximize the usability of systems with minimal cost. To achieve this, it is essential to classify usability problems systematically and connect them into the activities of designing user interfaces and tasks. However, there is a lack of framework or method for these two problems and thus remains a challengeable research issue. As a beginning study, this paper proposes a conceptual framework for addressing the two issues. We firstly summarize usability-related studies so far, including usability factors and evaluation methods. Secondly, we review seven approaches to identifying and classifying usability problems. Based on this review and opinions of usability engineers in real industry as well as the review results, this paper proposes a framework comprising three viewpoints, from which more sound classification scheme of usability problems can be inductively developed.
복잡한 시스템에서의 인적오류 및 사고모형의 인지시스템공학적 연구의 동향
함동한(Dong?Han Ham) 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.1
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to introduce new research trends of human error and accident modeling and to suggest future promising research directions in those areas. Background: Various methods and techniques have been developed to understand the nature of human errors, to classify them, to analyze their causes, to prevent their negative effects, and to use their concepts during design process. However, it has been reported that they are impractical and ineffective for modern complex systems, and new research approaches are needed to secure the safety of those systems. Method: Six different perspectives to study human error and system safety are explained, and then seven recent research trends are introduced in relation to the six perspectives. The implications of the new research trends and viable research directions based on them are discussed from a cognitive systems engineering point of view. Results: Traditional methods for analyzing human errors and identifying causes of accidents have critical limitations in complex systems, and recent research trends seem to provide some insights and clues for overcoming them. Conclusion: Recent research trends of human error and accident modeling emphasize different concepts and viewpoints, which include systems thinking, sociotechnical perspective, ecological modelling, system resilience, and safety culture. Application: The research topics explained in this paper will help researchers to establish future research programmes.
SHERPA기법을 이용한 항공기 착륙상황에서 발생 가능한 인적오류 예측
최재림,한혁재,함동한,Choi, Jae-Rim,Han, Hyeok Jae,Ham, Dong-Han 한국항공운항학회 2021 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.29 No.2
This study aims to examine probable human errors when landing an airplane by the use of SHERPA(systematic human error reduction and prediction approach) and propose methods for preventing the predictive human errors. It has been reported that human errors are concerned with a lot of accidents or incidents of an airplane. It is significant to predict presumable human errors, particularly in the operation mode of human-automation interaction, and attempt to reduce the likelihood of predicted human error. By referring to task procedures and interviewing domain experts, we analyzed airplane landing task by using HTA(hierarchical task analysis) method. In total, 6 sub-tasks and 19 operations were identified from the task analysis. SHERPA method was used for predicting probable human error types for each task. As a result, we identified 31 human errors and predicted their occurrence probability and criticality. Based on them, we suggested a set of methods for minimizing the probability of the predicted human errors. From this study, it can be said that SHERPA can be effectively used for predicting probable human error types in the context of human-automation interaction needed for navigating an airplane.
카노모델(Kano Model)을 활용한 사용자 중심의 내비게이션 기능 요구사항 분석
이지혜(Lee, Jihye),함동한(Ham, Dong-Han) 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2015 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.14 No.3
연구배경 : 자동차의 수요증가와 GPS 기술의 발전으로 운전 시 내비게이션을 이용하는 사용자가 꾸준히 늘어나고 있다. 또한 스마트기기가 우리의 일상생활에서 없어서는 안 될 중요한 요소가 되면서 모바일 내비게이션의 이용률도 증가하고 있다. 유용한 내비게이션을 만들기 위해서는 사용자 관점에서의 내비게이션 기능의 요구사항을 분류하는 과정이 필요하지만 내비게이션 기능의 품질에 대한 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 카노모델(Kano Model)을 이용해서 사용자 관점에서 내비게이션 기능의 요구사항을 분류하고 Timko의 고객만족계수를 활용하여 만족과 불만족의 개선정도를 정량화하는 것을 목적으로 두고 있다. 내비게이션의 기능을 48개로 분류하였으며, 카노모델(Kano Model) 형식의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 : 연구 결과 Kano모델과 Timko의 고객만족계수의 각각의 다른 기준에 따라서 내비게이션의 기능을 매력적 요구사항, 일차원적 요구사항, 필수적 요구사항으로 분류하였다. 또한 Timko의 고객만족계수에서 각 요소의 가중치가 같다는 점과 불만족계수에서 모순적 요구사항을 고려하지 않는 점을 지적하고, 이를 개선하기 위한 방안을 제안하였다. 결론 : 내비게이션 시스템 기능의 요구사항을 보다 사용자 중심에서 파악하기 위해 카노모델(Kano Model)을 이용하였으며, Timko의 고객만족계수를 바탕으로 개선될 수 있는 만족도의 크기를 정량화하여 제시하였다. Background : Navigation systems are being increasingly used in a driving context. Additionally, as mobile phones have become an essential device for everyday lives, mobile navigation apps are also being widely used. It can therefore be said that the effective use of navigation systems is important for safe driving. For this reason, it is inevitable to develop highly usable navigation systems. One important design activity for developing usable navigation systems is to classify and organize the functional requirements of navigation system from the point of view of users. However, it seems that very few studies have been devoted to this problem. Methods : This study aims to identify and analyze user-centered functional requirements of navigation systems with the use of the KANO model. We examined 48 functions of navigation systems and classified them into six functional requirement categories based on the results of a KANO questionnaire survey. Additionally, in order to supplement the drawbacks the KANO model, we proposes a new approach for quantifying the degree of user satisfaction with the quality of each function, based on Timko’s customer satisfaction coefficient developed in the field of quality management. Result : The results showed that all the 48 functions belong to each of the following three categories: attractive, indifferent, and one-dimensional. There was no function pertaining to the other three categories: mandatory, reverse, and questionable. The quantified values for user satisfaction and dissatisfaction on all the 48 functions were also obtained by the use of the proposed approach. Conclusion : We identified and classified user-centered functional requirements of navigation systems by using the KANO model. We also proposed a new approach for quantifying the degree of user satisfaction with each function.