유럽형 알루미늄 압출 소재 차체의 강도평가

하홍기(Hong-Ki Ha),최정용(Jeong-Yong Choi),박근수(Geun-Soo Park),우관제(Kwan-Je Woo) 한국철도학회 2010 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

『황제내경영추(黃帝內經靈樞)』에 기재된 삼초(三焦)에 관한 소고(小考)

하홍기 ( Hong Ki Ha ),김기욱 ( Ki Wook Kim ),박현국 ( Hyun Guk Park ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.4

According to the result about ``San Jiao(三焦)``recorded on 『Yellow Empero`s Canon Internal Medicine Ling Shu(黃帝內經靈樞)』, we achieved following results. 1. As we consider the concept of ``San Jiao`` recorded on 『Ling Shu』, in early time, it was related to bladder(膀胱) and there was no divided concept into ``Shang Jiao(上焦)``, ``Zhong Jiao(中焦)`` and ``Xia Jiao(下焦)``. Later, there was appearance of body metabolism concept in anatomic way and started to emphasize that stomach(胃) is the very beginning of digestion. This point then adjusted into the concept which the core theory of digestion and water metabolism begins with ``Zhong Jiao`` and processes to ``Shang Jiao`` and ``Xia Jiao`` then it established the ``San Jiao`` theory adjusted to the functional change than property change. Later as there is set theoretical structure of ``three Yin and three Yang(三陰三陽)``, it included the concept of ``San Jiao`` onto meridian system theory to complete as a theory. Finally, it completed the theoretical structure that ``San Jiao`` runs water metabolism of circulation, body fluid and urine for body to produce blood and Qi to protect and provide nutrition to the human body. 2. From the point of each part, ``San Jiao`` means all body composition factor related to the relation to the digestion and water metabolism to produce Qi and blood. Also, the details of entire function of ``San Jiao`` tells that ``Zhong Jiao`` intakes food and divides the clarity and turbidity of digested substances. The origin of this digestion and water metabolism lies at Xia Jiao. The clean substance including the mood and taste climbs via Shang Jiao. The vapor like substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes ``defensive Qi(衛氣)`` and controls body temperature and sweat by supporting and spreading the Qi by Shang Jiao. The liquid substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes blood. The blood has stronger character as substance than defensive Qi so Zhong Jiao becomes the base and the way for the blood. The turbid Qi separated at Zhong Jiao passes large intestine and the solid substance is excreted and the liquid is absorbed into bladder. The Xia Jiao that controls this process controls the liquid state of water matabolism so control the urine with bladder. Therefore, ``San Jiao`` can be understood as a general concept that controls entire water metabolism as a way of food, Qi and blood.

『뢰공포자론(雷公砲炙論)』에 관한 연구 -포제(砲制)를 중심으로-

하홍기 ( Hong Ki Ha ),김기욱 ( Ki Wook Kim ),박현국 ( Hyun Kook Park ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.2

『LeiGongPaoZhiLun』 is the first pharmaceutical book, and there are various opinion on when LeiXiao(雷斅), the author lived. From the aspect of several data, it is appropriate most that LeiXiao live in the period of Sui(隋) Dynasty, like SuSong(蘇頌) in the Sung Dynasty said, This book was not made at one time by one person. At the beginning, it was written by LeiXiao and the later generations enlarged to finish. The original of 『LeiGongPaoZhiLun』 disappeared already but a large amount of this book was quoted to 『ZhengLeiBenCao(證類本草)』 to be preserved. The contents of 『LeiGongPaoZhiLun』 are the first professional book about processing of medicinal, in which most of processing of medicinal that is generally used today, is included and some methods are unused. Besides, the regulations of this book are specific, the range is broad, and theoretical frame is established for the first time. This book has abundant contents, in which several processing of medicinal are written. There are 10 methods such as steaming(蒸法), boiling(煮法), baking(砲法), stir-frying(炒法), calcining(鍛法), long time boiling(煉法), scorching(燒法), baking after wrapping(외法), immersing(浸法), washing(洗法), flying(飛 法), etc. How to remove some section that is not used for drug, how to separate according to medical use and region to be applied, how to smash, how to cut, how to dry, container for medicine, warning for making a prescription, time to make medicine and amount of medicine, how to distinguish superior and inferior and origin, how to make medicine partially, etc, are contained in this book. The contents of 『LeiGongPaoZhiLun』 can be mixture of processing of medicinal of medical scientists and taoists. In conclusion, however, the effect by the later medical generations of 『LeiGongPaoZhiLun』 was not great on processing of medicinal. It stemmed from the difference of processing of medicinal in this very taoistic book that realistic difficulties were disregarded by taoists for training and practical purpose, treatment that is the reason that later medical generations used processing of medicinal. Consequently, there is no great relation between the development of processing of medicinal in the Sung Dynasty and this book. 『LeiGongYaoXingFu(雷公藥性賦)』 that was abundant in medical market in Ming(明) and Qing(淸) period has no relation with 『LeiGongPaoZhiLun』 is kind of a distribution-purposed book that was mnge in or after Ming Dynasty. However, since a book that is said to be written by `` LiGao(李 고)``PaoZhihis nof a dijust borrowed and focus on a brief summery, it is not desirable for beginners to learn medical knowledge. 『LeiGongPaoZhiLun』 is the first pharmaceutical book and is a model to show how a science in the history of the herb medicine generated and developed and how such a book is changed and modified to make a change of value.

EN15227 및 철도안전법을 적용한 철도차량 장애물제거기 강도평가

하홍기(Hong-ki Ha),정지호(Ji-ho Jeong),이장욱(Jang-Wook Lee),박근수(Geun-Soo Park) 한국철도학회 2013 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

철도차량의 설계영역에서 안전은 최우선 과제이며, 그에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 다른 운송분야와 같이 철도차량은 운행 중 각종 장애물과의 충돌 사고 위험에 노출되어 있다. 승객이 많이 탑승한 차량이 장애물과 충돌한다면 탈선이나 전복과 같은 심각한 사고로 인해 큰 피해를 야기할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 소형 및 대형장애물에 대한 충돌 시나리오가 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 EN15227 의 요구항목 중 하나인 장애물 제거기의 개발과정을 서술하였다. 장애물 제거기는 동물이나 다른 운송장치들과 같은 장애물을 제거하기 위해 선두차의 앞에 적용한다. 강도 및 에너지 흡수량에 대한 평가는EN15227 을 적용하였으며 유한요소법을 사용하여 평가하였다. The safety is one of the most important design parameter of railway vehicle and lots of research regarding safety have been performed. The railway vehicle has been exposed to a crash with various kind of obstacles just as other transportation fields. However the crash event with on obstacle as it carries a large number of passengers on railway can bring about a serious accident such as derailment and rollover. For this reason the crash scenario with the small and heavy obstacle crash has been established. This paper describes the development process of the obstacle deflector which is one of the requirement from EN15227. Obstacle deflectors which is applied on the front car is designed to get rid of the obstacles such as big animals or small sized automotives. The strength and energy absorbing capacity are required at EN15227 and this paper describes the evaluation result which has been done by FEA.

한대(漢代) 이전의 의적(醫籍)을 통한 "포제(포制)"의 연구

김성철 ( Sung Cheol Kim ),하홍기 ( Hong Ki Ha ),김기욱 ( Ki Wook Kim ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.4

We derived following result by organizing research about processing of medicinal of before Han(漢) dynesty. The human being intake of natural substance for the purpose of treatment was what happened later than the use of natural substance as food. According to the record of by the early years of Shang(商) dynasty, we can assume that we cooked food with water and fire. The reason why there is no appearance of common production that can be included under the name of ``Tang Ye(湯液)`` in the medical record discovered from Ma Wang Dui(馬王堆) is because ``Tang Ye`` was yet developed. However, as the presentation of format of medicine process, there was gradual formation of medicinal fluid concept. There are quite of records on major details of cloth manufacture like washing and selection、grinding、processing of medicine from the recordings of 『Wu Shi Er Bing Fang(五十二病方)』, 『Yang Sheng Fang(養生方)』, 『Za Liao Fang(雜療方)』 discovered at Ma Wang Dui. It used words like ``Ze(擇)``, ``Qu(去)`` for the selection and ``Jiu(酒)``, ``Zhuo(濯)`` for the wash as a process method before cloth manufacture. When filter the processed medicine, it used words like ``Zhuo(捉)``, ``Suo(索)``, ``Jun(浚)`` and used ``Yin Gan(陰乾)``, ``Bao(暴)``, ``Yang(暘)`` for dry. The ``cutting(切削)`` that crushes the medicine used different names based on the properties of medicines. The most frequent crush is ``Ye(冶)`` and it means the powered medicine after dry. There was thermal process of mild fire(微火) and heating of ``Wen(溫)``. There are many states of medicine seen from the medical record discovered at Ma Wang Dui so they can be said as original medicine. 藥末劑 is relatively commercialized type then. Here, it includes later 湯劑 but there was no name such as ``decoction(湯)`` or ``decoction of medical ingredients(湯液)``. Also, ``Fu Ju(부咀)`` is the transformation of what was `` Fu Qie(父且)`` at 『Ja Liao Fang』 of medical books of Ma Wang Dui with time flow. The original meaning of ``Fu Qie(父且)`` is ``Fu Zu(斧俎)`` and it means the crushing medicine with axe. The most important thing among the medical books of Han dynasty is 『Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(神農本草經)』 and 『Shang Han Za Bing Lun(傷寒雜病論)』 of Zhang Zhong Jing(張仲景). 『Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing』 mentioned the dry method of medicine, collection and process production time, cooked and uncooked use of medicine and there are several types of medicine. Other than those, it mentioned ``Seven methods of combining herbs(七情合和)`` to address cautions for combining medicines. Therefore, the ``processing of medicinal`` in east Han dynasty period entered the theoretical step. However, there is only little recording on cloth manufacture of detailed medicine. From the 『Shang Han Za Bing Lun』 of Zhang Zhong Jing, the development in the way of ``processing of medicinal`` reveled the cloth manufacture for each medicine. This tradition is continued until today and so it presents the development of purpose of ``processing of medicinal`` is to greatly present the effect of medicine and to reduce the side-effect.

『Caraka-samhita』의 pancakarma와 한토하법(汗吐下法)의 비교론적인 연구

이경원 ( Kyung Won Lee ),하홍기 ( Hong Ki Ha ),서지영 ( Ji Young Seo ),김기욱 ( Ki Wook Kim ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.2

『Caraka-samhita (도羅迦集)』 and 『SuSruta-samhita(妙聞集)』 are the most important medical scriptures in India and are called the three scriptures of Ayuverda including 『Astanga-hrdaya-samhita (八心集)』 (which integrates and summarizes internal medicine and surgery.) that is scribed in 8C. Scriptures that have been told today are deemed to be written in 3 ~ 4C. The three scriptures of Ayuverda and 『Yellow Emperor`s Canon Internal Medicine(黃帝內經)』 are very similar in historical position, transmission and separation and addition, pattern and importance of contents, etc, from the aspect of formation and transmission of scriptures when compared with herb medicine. The characteristics that 『SuWen(素問)』 concentrates on medical theory and 『LingShu(靈樞)』 focuses on acupuncture therapy are similar with the characteristics that 『Caraka-samhita』 values internal medicine and 『SuSruta-samhita』 appreciates surgery. The chapter 8 of 『Caraka-samhita (도羅迦集)』 is called as ``a volume of completion (or a volume of success)`` and describes details of ``pancakarma (which means five representative treatment methods, that is successful regulations of two kinds of basti(灌腸)、Sirsavirecana(油劑)、virecana(下 劑)、vamana(吐劑). Therefore, the author compares summery of ``internal therapy`` of Indian medicine and drug treatment method with Method Of ``Sweat, Vomit And Diarrhea of the representative treatment in herb medicine, based on 『RuMenShiQin(儒門事親)』 of ZhangZiHe(張子和).

수면이론(睡眠理論)의 발전사(發展史)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(1) -춘추시기이전(春秋時期以前)∼남북조대(南北朝代)까지-

이영석 ( Yeong Seok Yi ),하홍기 ( Hong Ki Ha ),김기욱 ( Ki Wook Kim ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Mankind spends a third of it`s lifetime sleeping. Sleep deficiency can cause several psychological and physical complications - as well as death - if prolonged over extended periods. Therefore, sleep is a substantial part of life and essential to the preservation of human-life. In modern society, human-beings are having more difficulty with sleep than ever before. Consequently, the need for medical research on sleep has increased as well. There are no studies in current western medicine that focuses entirely on sleep alone. However, there have been ongoing research by traditional eastern medicine on sleep and sleep-related-dysfunctions since ancient times which has yielded diverse results. Undertaken a study of the sleep and sleep-related-dysfunction in traditional medicine of East-asia, I have summarized my studies into the following. 1. From ancient china to the age of the warring state(戰國時代) - ground on few data that we can get - humans have a simple and rough cognizance of sleep and sleep-related- dysfunction. But people are little removed from shamanism yet. 2. After Han(漢) dynasty, in 『Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經)』 and 『Shang Han Lun(傷寒論)』 and 『Jin Gui Yao Lue(金궤要略)』, people present a basic physiology and pathology of sleep. 3. The theory has improved repeatedly in quality and quantity through 『Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing(針灸甲乙經)』 of Huang Fu Mi(皇甫謐) of Jin(晉) dynasty, 『Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang(備急千金要方)』 of Sun Si Miao(孫思邈) of Tang(唐) dynasty to 『Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang(太平聖惠方)』 of Song(宋) dynasty.

수면이론(睡眠理論)의 발전사(發展史)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(2) -수(隋),당(唐),오대(五代)~금원대(金元代)까지

이영석 ( Yeong Seok Yi ),하홍기 ( Hong Ki Ha ),김기욱 ( Ki Wook Kim ) 대한한의학원전학회 ( 구 대한원전의사학회 ) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.6

1. In Sui, Tang and Five Dynasty, a discourse related to sleep was published in various big Fang Shu(方書)`s that later became a valuable historical data. Notably, the importance of good sleep began to be properly discussed in 『Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang(備急千金要方)』 of ``Sun Si Miao(孫思邈)``, etc. 2. During Two Song era, achievements in the previous eras were accepted and diseases related to sleep were explored in more details. 3. In Jin and Yuan(金元) era, Liu He Jian(劉河間), in 『Su Wen Xuan Ji Yuan Bing Shi(素問玄機原病式)』, recognized ``anger`` as the cause for various sleep disorders and Li Dong Yuan(李東垣), in 『Pi Wei Lun(脾胃論)』, believed ``lethargy`` and ``Shi Hou Ji Hun Mao Yu Shui(食後卽昏冒欲睡)`` are related to narcolepsy linked with stomach. Zhang Cong Zheng(張從正) observed ``insomnia`` as an isolated disease whereas Zhu Dan Xi(朱丹溪), in 『Ge Zhi Yu Lun(格致餘論)』 argued about somnambulism based on the relationship between Xiang Huo(相火) and Xin huo(心火).

Mud-flap의 형상변경에 따른 구조적 건전성 평가

조정길(Jeong-Gil Cho),김준우(Jun-Woo Kim),구정서(Jeong-Seo Koo),하홍기(Hong-Ki Ha),김운호(Woon-Ho Kim) 한국철도학회 2014 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5