Phoenix Action ICSID 투자중재 사건의 분석

하선희(Ha, Sun-Hee) 숭실대학교 법학연구소 2013 法學論叢 Vol.30 No.-

Phoenix Action 사건에서는 ICSID의 투자중재를 받기 위한 투자의 의미에 대한 쟁점이 주로 다루어졌다. ICSID에서 투자의 의미를 다투었던 많은 판례들 가운데서 본 사건에서만 두드러지게 발견할 수 있는 특징은, 본 사건의 판단기준으로 국제법의 일반원칙인 신의성실의 원칙이 적용되었다는 점이다. 본 사건의 청구인은 이스라엘 법인으로, ICSID 투자중재를 받을 수 있는 요건 중 하나인 ICSID 체약국인 체코와 다른 체약국의 국민이라는 요건을 형식상 갖추었다. 그러나 청구인의 설립시기와 설립정황 등을 종합적으로 고려해볼 때 ICSID 보호대상인 투자가 있었다고 보기 어렵다. 청구인의 실제 주주는 본래 체코 국민이다. 그는 과거 체코에서 일련의 투자 및 민·형사상 분쟁이 발생하자 이스라엘로 이주 후, ICSID 중재청구를 염두에 두고 이스라엘 법인인 청구인을 설립하였다. 그리고 그 청구인을 통해 과거 체코에서 자신이 보유했던 체코법인을 인수했다. ICSID는 이러한 거래가 신의성실의 원칙에 의거, ICSID 협약과 BIT에서 인정할 수 있는 “투자”가 아니라고 판정했다. 본 사건은 거래의 실질이 형식보다 중요하다는 원칙이 국제투자중재 사건에서도 적용된다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 투자의 의미가 다투어지는 국제 투자분쟁에서도 신의칙이 적용된 본 판례를 통해, 최근 국제조세 분야에서 논란이 되고 있는 조세피난처의 페이퍼컴퍼니같은 경우에도, 신의칙을 적용하여 법인격이 부인되는 판결이 나올 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. The notion of investment which deserves protection under International Center for Settlement of Investment Dispute (“ICSID”) was a main issue at Pheonix Action case. Among many other ICSID cases which dealt with the concept of investment, Pheonix Action case has its own significance in that the ICSID Tribunal made its decision based on the rationale whether there was a bona fide investment or not. Pheonix Action, an Israeli company, claimed that its investment would be ICSID-protected investment as it would meet the requirement of “diversity of nationality”. However, underlying facts and circumstances revealed that the Israeli company was a sham company, which was incorporated with the sole purpose of instituting ICSID proceedings by creating the diversity of nationality. Phoenix Action accused the Czech government right after the purchase of two Czech companies, which is its alleged investment transaction. The only shareholder of Pheonix Action, who originally used to be a Czech national and left for Israel while he was being examined by several prosecutions. The sole shareholder used to own the two Czech companies while he was a Czech citizen. The two Czech companies had been in dispute in a civil action and with Czech government. With these facts and circumstances, the ICSID Tribunal had to determine that the Pheonix Action’s alleged investment was not bona fide “investment” within the meaning of Article 25 of the ICSID Convention and Article 7 of the Israel-Czech Bilateral Investment Treaty. This case has implications in that the ICSID Tribunal confirmed the importance of substance of a transaction by acknowledging that only bona fide investments deserve protection in international investment arbitration regime as well. In this regard, legal ramifications of the bona fide principle is expected to be found in other legal areas such as international tax regime involving sham companies as the sham companies’ corporate veil can be pierced unless they are bona fide.

아이가 배우는 방식에 기초한 학습 원리 기술

이선희 ( Sun Hee Lee ),이희정 ( Hee Jung Lee ),정미향 ( Mi Hyang Jeong ),정선미 ( Sun Mi Jeong ),최홍준 ( Hong Jun Choi ),하선희 ( Sun Hee Ha ),정광순 ( Kwang Soon Jeong ) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2015 초등교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구는 J. Holt의 저서 ‘아이들은 어떻게 배우는가?’를 대상으로, 아이들의 배움 장면을 추출하고, 그 장면에서 아이들이 배우는 것을 배움 방식으로 정의하고, 이를 범주화하여 학교 학습의 원리들을 탐색하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구에서는 총 84개 배움 장면에서 배움 방식을 진술하고, 이를 다시 대상, 학생, 교사 측면으로 범주화하고, 각 범주에 해당하는 배움 방식의 공통점을 중심으로 12개의 학습 원리와 이 원리를 도출한 과정을 기술하였다. This study is intended to deduct the principles of learning in schools, targeted the book ``How children learn`` written by John Holt. Therefore, 1)scenes of children`s learning were extracted, 2)learning ways were defined and 3)those ways were categorized. That is to say, this study is meant to elicit learning principles, based on real learning. Explaining concretely, the procedure that the ways of learning in eighty four learning scenes was described, the ways were categorized, and twelve learning principles were extract focused on commons of learning ways was depicted in this study.

기획논문 : 개인사 프로젝트를 활용한 초등 역사교실수업

송인주 ( In Ju Song ),하선희 ( Sun Hee Ha ) 역사교육학회 2015 역사교육논집 Vol.55 No.-

History is a kind of object that is not familiar and directly perceivable. It is, therefore, very difficult for students on the elementary school level to understand and interpret a historical topic while exploring history. As an effective history education for children, this paper suggests the personal history project through which children could experience how history is structured and on what basis it is explored. Through this project, the children tracked their life based on their memories, photos, interviews, etc. They came to learn that more credible is using various kinds of information rather than relying on a single resource. They also experienced the close relationship between history and themselves. They showed themselves signifying their life with their own language during the chronology making activity, autobiography writing and letter writing. The children became the subject of history exploration and came to have their own personalized history.

저압 플라즈마를 이용한 피혁의 환경 친화적인 접착 표면 처리

하선희,장유진,설수덕 東亞大學校 環境問題硏究所 2005 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

The plasma generally, ionized gas state, is the 4th state composed the universe. Generating the plasma artificially has been studied by spending energy and it has a lot of applications in human's life. There are several merits to modify the surface of polymer using plasma. Above all, plasma maintains the property of polymer because of it changes the property of surface only. Also, it doesn't use any organic solvents and it is the environment friendly process because of there are no waste under processing. Furthemore, in case of high-pressure plasma, it is possible that automated-processing continuously. In this study, we tried the reforming of surface to rise the adhesive strength between the material of polymer, experimented the rising of adhesive strength through a experiment of peel strenght by virtue of processing time and using gas, confirmed the change of polymer's surface through measuring the surface contact angle analyzer and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).

女性開化思想에 關한 一硏究

河善姬 안동간호보건전문대학 1985 안동간호보건전문대학논문집 Vol.7 No.-

유화중합을 이용한 4원공중합 바인더의 제조와 특성

임종민,하선희,임재길,설수덕 東亞大學校 大學院 2004 大學院論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Styrene-Acrylonitrile-Ethylacrylate-N-Methyloacryamide Prepared by emulsion polymerization has broad applications for additives such as paint binder, adhesive for wood and paper due to its low glass transition temperature which help to plasticize substrate resins. Since emulsion polymerization has disadvantage that surfactant and ionic initiator degrade properties of the product polymer, Poly(St-EA-AN-NMA) was synthesized using ammonium persulfate(APS) as catalyst and sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) as emulsion to prevent the degradation. The copolymer binder product was internally plasticized and has enhanced colloid stability, adhesion, tensile strength and elongation. During binder emulsion polymerization, no coagulation and complete conversion occur with the reactant mixture of 3.34wt%/monomer ammonium persulfate, 2.33wt%/monomer sodium lauryl sulfate, and the balanced monomer that the weight ratio of Styrene, Ethylacrylate, Acrylonitrile are 47wt%/monomer, 32wt%/monomer, 6.4wt%/monomer. The activation energies for 37, 42, 47, 52% Styrene content were checked as 28.1~36kcal/mol by Kissinger's method. Actually, reasonable solid content could be considered as 56% because of activation energy and adhesive characteristics.