모유수유와 유아기 우식증과의 관련성: 국민건강보험공단 영유아 구강검진 자료 분석

최윤영,Choi, Yoon-Young 한국치위생학회 2021 한국치위생학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breastfeeding on the occurrence of early childhood caries in Korean infants and toddlers. Methods: Data on oral examinations of infants and toddlers of the National Health Insurance Service were analyzed. The study subjects were children who participated in both the first, second, and third oral examinations and the first general health examination in 2008-2017 (n=142,185). Based on the responses to the questionnaire, the subjects were classified into breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mixed feeding groups. The participants were monitored for the development of early childhood caries in three sequential oral examinations. Results: Based on the oral examination results conducted at 54-65 months old, the decayed-filled teeth index of the breastfeeding group was the highest (2.03±3.08), followed by the mixed (1.96±3.03) and the formula feeding groups (1.82±2.91). The Cox proportional hazard regression model including all the variables showed that the risk of developing dental caries was significantly lower in the formula (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85) and mixed feeding groups (HR, 0.91) than in the breastfeeding group. Conclusions: Breastfeeding children have a higher risk of early childhood caries; therefore, oral hygiene education and regular dental check-ups are necessary.

한방 치료 후 호전된 급성기 양성 발작성 두위성 현훈 치험 3례

최윤영,변정아,김수영,황미리,안재현,정현아,Choi, Yoon-Young,Byun, Jung-Ah,Kim, Su-Yeong,Hwang, Mi-Lee,An, Jae-Hyun,Jung, Hyun-A 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2021 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report three cases of Korean medical treatment for acute benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV). Methods : This study was conducted with three acute benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients who hospit alized in Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology Clinic of Korean medical Hospital. Three patients were treated with Korean medical treatment including herbal medicine(Banhabaeckchulchunma-tang), acupuncture, p harmacopuncture(Hwangryunhaedok-tang). After treatment, we evaluated subjective symptoms. Results : The results of three patient showed remarkable improvements on subjective symptoms after the treatment. Conclusions : It is considered that Korean medical treatment can be applied to the treatment of BPPV.

중등학교 교실의 이산화탄소(CO₂) 관리를 위한 지능형 창호개폐 작동 프로세스

최윤영,이현수,Choi, Yoon-Young,Lee, Hyun-Soo 한국교육시설학회 2018 敎育施設 Vol.25 No.4

The school classroom is a common living place where students spend 7 to 14 hours a day to prepare for their careers. Therefore, if the ventilation of the classroom is not properly performed, it may lead to the deterioration of learning ability due to the unclear air. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the classroom is reported to be high, and the increase in carbon dioxide concentration has a negative effect on the learner's academic performance. In this context, the purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for intelligent and responsive window opening-closing operation process that can reduce the concentration of $CO_2$ in the classroom in order to build a support space that can create an effective teaching-learning environment for adolescents. The specific objectives are as follows. First of all, we define the concept of window opening-closing operation. Secondly, twe develop the operation process of window opening-closing. Thirdly, we develop an algorithm for real-time window opening and closing (process) (Window Opening-Closing Operation Process). Finally, we verify the intelligent responsive window opening-closing operation process through developing examples of window opening-closing operation process using the parametric design program. This study is a preliminary study to develop algorithms necessary for window opening-closing operation. Based on the first-order algorithm, We simulated window opening-closing operations according to a hypothetical scenario. As a result, This study can show that the window is open and close depending on the $CO_2$ concentration, but the $CO_2$ concentration in the room is higher than outdoors. Consequentially, we suggest that it is necessary to develop an algorithm to supplement these results because window is often not working when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor in winter is large.

개념적 은유에 입각한 언어적 표현에 관한 분석

최윤영(Yoon-Young Choi) 영남신학대학교 2013 신학과 목회 Vol.39 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine if there exists the inconsistency in conceptual metaphor by analyzing the metaphorical linguistic expressions based on conceptual metaphor theory. In other words, this study aims to find apparent incoherences of conventionalized metaphorical expressions in Korean and to understand metaphorical contradiction in general conceptual metaphor. To undertake this study, three parts are examined: the inconsistency of relationship between source domain and target domain, the contradiction of the number of conceptual domains, and the inconsistency of time orientation metaphors in Korean. From this analysis, we can understand the distinctive features as well as the universal characteristics about conceptual metaphor. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the study shows that the more abstract conceptual domain, which is target domain, is conceptualized through the more concrete conceptual domain, which is source domain, and vice versa. Second, there may be more than two domains in a metaphorical linguistic expression. Third, time is located either in front or behind in Korean depending on the direction that the observer faces. To sum up, there exists the inconsistency in conceptual metaphor. This study gives two perspectives, i.e., universality and distinctiveness, about conceptual metaphor.

성경에서의 개념적 은유와 환유

최윤영(Yoon-Young Choi) 영남신학대학교 2016 신학과 목회 Vol.45 No.-

This study aims to examine not only the metaphorical linguistic expressions and find out their conceptual metaphors, but also the metonymic expressions in the English Bible. From the analysis of those two figurative speeches in the Bible, we can understand the Bible and the language in those days better. The findings of this study are as follows: Like the modern English, some of the conceptual metaphors and metonymic expressions found in the study are pervasive in the distance language of the Bible. According to these observations, we can say that people in those days had metaphorical thinking like modern people. From the analysis of the conceptual metaphors in the Bible, we can see that ‘life,’ an abstract concept, is understood in terms of journey, war. Thus, one abstract concept is conceptualized in terms of several different concrete concepts. This observation corresponds to Kövecses (2002: 6). In the Bible, structural metaphors allow us to use one highly structured and clearly delineated concept to structure another, which corresponds to the Lakoff and Johnson (1980: 61). As for orientational metaphors in the Bible, upward orientation tends to go with a positive evaluation, but downward orientation with a negative one; more specifically, the positive concepts such as health, joy, happiness, and life have upward direction, along with God and Jesus, who have a powerful authority and life, whereas the negative concepts relating to earthly things such as sickness, sadness, unhappiness, and death have downward direction. However, positivenegative evaluation is not limited to the spatial orientation up-down. In other words, ‘in,’ ‘before,’ and ‘front’ are mostly regarded as a positive evaluation, but ‘out,’ ‘after’ and ‘back’ as a negative one. There is little difference, if any, between the conceptual metaphors in the everyday language and those in the Bible. We can observe that the source and target domains above are also common not only in our everyday language but also in the Bible. It is noticeable to see that there are some expressions in which more than two domains are used, and some metaphorical linguistic expressions may not contain lexical items in the target domain, in the Bible as well as in our everyday language. A little difference is found between the conceptual metaphors in the everyday language and those in the Bible. Unlike our ordinary language, the Trinity can be the main target domain in the Bible. From the metaphorical linguistic expressions, we can find that the Christians’ beliefs differ from those of non-Christians in some ways.

운전자 속성과 처벌경험이 교통법규 준수기간에미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최윤영(Choi Yoon Young),고승영(Kho Seung Young),명묘희(Myeong Myo Hee),김동규(Kim Dong Kyu) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2015 경찰학연구 Vol.15 No.1

A scientific analysis on the behaviors of drivers who have violated traffic laws is one ofthe essential elements to secure the traffic safety since most traffic crashes result from thetraffic violations. This paper aims to analyze the influences of individual driver’scharacteristics on the abidance duration of traffic laws using the Cox proportional hazardsmodel. To this end, the data on traffic law violations of the drivers who have newlyacquired their drivers during the recent five years were collected. Then, two abidanceduration models of traffic laws were estimated based on overall drivers and habituallyviolated drivers, respectively. The result from the former model shows that male, teenagerand fifties, first class special (trailer, wreck car) and motorbike license are more hazardousto violate the traffic law. The latter model, which was based on the data from habituallyviolated drivers, included the cumulative number of punishment and the cumulativenumber of license cancellation as the independent variables with regular offender cases. Asa result, the current the cancellation of license corrects the violating behavior while thelevel of punishment fails to correct the habitually violated drivers. The findings and resultsfrom this paper show the traffic violations should be more certainly and severely punishedand a variety of types of punishment, such as incentives, educational services, and penaltymanagement, should be introduced.

최근 아·태지역의 Mega FTA 추진과 대응과제 : 포괄적·점진적 환태평양경제동반자협정(CPTPP)의 위생 및 검역 챕터를 중심으로

최윤영(Choi Yoon-Young),배정생(Bae Jaeng-Sae) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2019 法學硏究 Vol.60 No.-

TPP 협정이 미국의 탈퇴에도 CPTPP라는 이름으로 부활하였다. 비록 세계 경제에서 차지하는 GDP는 줄어들었지만 영향력은 여전히 크다고 볼 수 있다. 한국도 가입 여부를 결정하지는 않았으나 가입 가능성을 검토하고 있는데, CPTPP 가입 시의 경제적 영향이 부정적이라는 예측도 있지만 가장 우려스러운 것은 규범이라고 생각된다. 그 중에서도 CPTPP SPS 챕터는 WTO SPS 협정 및 한국이 기존에 체결한 FTA SPS 협정의 수준과 확연한 차이가 있으므로 법리적 검토 못지않게 실제 위생‧검역 조치에 어떠한 변화를 요구할 것인지를 검토해 볼 필요가 있다. 동등성과 지역화 관련 구체적인 절차와 요건을 명시하였고, 지역화 개념에 구획화 개념을 명시적으로 포함시켜 적용범위를 확대하였다. 위험분석 작업일정을 스케줄링함으로써 위험평가의 가속화에 노력해야 할 의무가 추가되었고, 제‧개정될 경우 통보해야 할 대상이 되는 SPS조치의 범위를 대폭 확대하고, 통보된 해당 조치에 관해 제출된 서면의견들을 공개하도록 하였다. 감사의 절차에 관해서는 수입국이 수출국을 조사할 권리를 행사하는 데에 필요한 요건을 포함시켰다. 증명서 외의 방법으로도 수입국 SPS요건에 부합함을 증명할 수도 있다는 점을 인정하도록 하면서 필요한 사항만 증명을 요구하고, 증명을 요구한 사항에 대한 근거를 제공하도록 하였다. 수입검사의 빈도 변경이 다양한 요건에 의해 가능하도록 하였고, 실험실이 국제실험실표준에 부합하는 프로그램에 따라 운영되도록 하였으며, 수입검사 결과가 부적합하다는 사유로 수입을 금지하거나 제한한 것을 통보하도록 하였다. 수입국이 채택한 긴급조치에 대해 스스로 과학적 근거를 재검토하도록 한 반면, 수출국이 개선조치를 취해야 할 의무는 명시하지 않았다. 협력적 기술협의 및 분쟁해결 조항은 회원국 간 협의를 우선 시도한 후 CPTPP 분쟁해결절차를 따르도록 하였다. CPTPP SPS 챕터가 SPS 조치의 부당한 적용을 예방함으로써 회원국 간 교역에 긍정적인 영향을 기대하며 합의된 것으로 생각할 수 있으나, SPS 조치의 목적은 농‧식품의 교역으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 위해로부터 국민과 동물 또는 식물의 생명이나 건강을 보호하는 것이므로, CPTPP SPS 챕터는 수입국이 SPS 조치를 운영하는 데에 있어서 상당한 부담이 되는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 한국이 만일 CPTPP에 가입하려 한다면 CPTPP SPS 챕터상의 의무를 준수하여 통상마찰을 예방하면서도 SPS 조치본연의 목적을 달성하도록 해야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 국내 위생‧검역 체계를 점검한 후 필요한 부분은 개편하고, 상대국과의 소통 및 협력을 강화하여 불필요한 통상마찰을 방지하고, 합리적으로 사안을 해결하기 위한 노력이 필요하며, 수입허용절차가 기존보다 가속화될 것으로 예상하고 그로 인해 시장이 개방될 가능성이 있는 농‧식품에 대해서는 피해대책을 마련해야 할 것이다. The Transpacific Partnership (“TPP”) Agreement has revived under the name of CPTPP even after the withdrawal of United States. Although its portion of GDP in the global economy has decreased, it seems that it is still highly influential agreement. South Korea is reviewing the possibility of joining the CPTPP but it has not decided whether to join. Some predict that the economic impact of joining the CPTPP is negative, but what is most worrisome is the trade rules, in particular the SPS provisions. Since the level of the CPTPP SPS chapter is higher than the WTO SPS Agreement and the FTA SPS chapters Korea has previously signed, technical and legal review is necessary to identify what changes will be required and how to prepare the changes in the future. CPTPP SPS chapter can be considered to be agreed in anticipation of a positive effect on trade among the member countries by preventing unjustified application of the SPS measures. But, the fundamental objective of the SPS measure is to protect human, animal or plant life or health from the risks may caused by the trade of agricultural, livestock and food products. In this sense, some parts of the CPTPP SPS chapter can be a burdensome rules for the importing Party. Therefore, if Korea intends to join the CPTPP, it must comply with the obligations under the CPTPP SPS chapter provisions to prevent trade friction while achieving the purpose of the SPS measures. In order to do so, it is needed to review the whole SPS system, and if necessary, make it upgraded. Efforts are also needed to prevent unnecessary trade friction and resolve issues in a smooth manner by strengthening communication and cooperation with other countries. Damage limitation measures should also be prepared for agricultural, livestock and food products, which could potentially open the market, since the import authorization process is expected to be accelerated compared to the past.

생명 관리 시대의 인간과 문학: 『헨리에타 랙스의 불멸하는 삶』

최윤영 ( Yoon Young Choi ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2017 현대영미소설 Vol.24 No.1

The rapid rise of biotechnology as a multibillion-dollar industry in the late twentieth century yielded new possibilities for understanding, manipulating, and managing human life. Marking this turn as “the entry of life into history,” Michel Foucault proposed the theory of “biopolitics” and “biopower to suggest how the state exercises control through the administration of human bodies and the management of life. Various public and scholarly narratives on Henrietta Lacks and the HeLa cells emerged in this context. The story of HeLa―the first immortal human cells that survived outside the body―and its relations to its unwitting donor incite philosophical, political, and economic challenges to the Foucauldian approaches to the idea of “human.” Most of the public and scholarly narratives on Lacks and HeLa deal with the thorny political, social, and ethical dilemmas that involve the development of biotechnology and associated capitalist interests in dealing with human bodies. At the same time, various ongoing assumptions about racial and gender hierarchies and social inequities displayed in many of these narratives also produced alternative line of accounts that show how those assumptions have structured social and scientific practices and thereby reveal why tensions continue to surface with any challenge to conventional definitions of the human. Focusing on the lives of Lacks and her family, Rebecca Skloot`s nonfiction novel, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (2010), redirects our attention to the private stories of the individual. On the one hand, Skloot`s re-imagining of Lacks`s personal histories and private memories give voice to those who had been mostly silenced or neglected in the larger public discussions of HeLa. At the same time, however, Skloot`s imaginative creation of Lacks`s “real-life story” calls attention to what is at stake in writing about the histories of the underrepresented subjects for it constantly exposes the writer to the dangers of misappropriation. By posing the difficulties and problems which occur in the representation of individual memories, the text calls attention to both the writers` and readers` endeavors to challenge the essentializing forces of the dominant narratives and highlights the importance of “educated guess” in reassessing the individual “counter-memories.”

노인복지사무 민간위탁가능성에 관한 법적 문제

최윤영(Choi, Yoon young) 한국지방자치법학회 2016 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.16 No.1

The State and local governments shall be responsible for the promotion of the health and welfare of the aged, and shall devise and implement measures for these purposes. The State or a local government may establish and operate a social welfare facility. A senior welfare center is an institution intending to provide various information and services for culture, hobby and social activities, etc. of the aged, and other services necessary for the promotion of health, prevention of diseases, guarantee of income, welfare at home and promotion of welfare for the aged. A social welfare foundation or non-profit corporation may be entrusted with the operation of facilities established by the State or a local government. Entrusting management operation of a senior welfare center to the private sector can be effective and highly specialized. The National Government Organization Act, Regulations on Delegation or Entrustment of Administrative Authority, the Local Government Act, the Social Welfare Service Act and local government’s ordinance are the legal grounds of Entrusting to the private sector. Entrusting to the private sector not only needs legal basis, but also has to obey the legal limit, such as residents’ rights, the public interest, redundancy of tasks and so on.

일상 언어와 영어 성경에서의 ‘인생’의 개념화 양상

최윤영(Yoon-Young Choi) 영남신학대학교 2018 신학과 목회 Vol.49 No.-

This study aims to examine the metaphorical linguistic expressions regarding ‘life" and find out their conceptual metaphors in the Bible (NIV) as well as in the ordinary language. From the analysis of the figurative speech in the study, we can understand the cognitive structure of humans regarding ‘life’. The findings of this study are as follows: Like the modern everyday language, the conceptual metaphors regarding "life’ in the study are pervasive in the biblical language. According to these observations, people have had metaphorical thinking about spiritual life. From the analysis of the conceptual metaphors both in the ordinary language and in the Bible, we can see that ‘life’, an abstract concept, is understood in terms of journey, container, human, etc. Thus, one abstract concept is conceptualized in terms of several different concrete concepts. With regard to orientational metaphors regarding ‘life’, ‘up’ and ‘right’ orientation tends to go with the positive meaning, but ‘down’ and ‘left’ orientation with the negative one, and vice versa. It shows that speakers’ cognitive structure about ‘life’ is not always the same as the physical concept. In other words, there is no consistency to conceptualize ‘life’ in orientational metaphors. As for ontological metaphors, ‘life" is conceptualized as the physical thing or the person. It is suggested that possible reasons for cross-linguistic differences in metaphor are religious, cultural, and historical differences.