우리나라 노인여성의 골다공증성 척추골절로 인한 경제적 부담 추계

강혜영,강대룡,장영화,박성은,최원정,문성환,양규현,Kang, Hye-Young,Kang, Dae-Ryong,Jang, Young-Hwa,Park, Sung-Eun,Choi, Won-Jung,Moon, Seong-Hwan,Yang, Kyu-Hyun 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives : To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. Methods : From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women ${\geq}50$ years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," such that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with ${\geq}$ one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. Results : During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. Conclusions : Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.

호산구 증가증을 동반한 거대세포바이러스 감염 소아 Menetrier병 1례

최원정,이보영,이희정,오훈규,황진복,Choi, Won Joung,Lee, Bo Young,Lee, Hee Jung,Oh, Hoon Kyu,Hwang, Jin Bok 대한소아소화기영양학회 2004 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.7 No.1

저자들은 복통과 구토에 동반된 전신 부종을 주소로 내원하여 저알부민혈증과 말초혈액 호산구증가증의 임상 소견으로 단백 소실성 위장증을 동반한 호산구성 위장관염으로 의심되었으나, 내시경검사 소견, 조직 소견, 방사선 소견과 저절로 좋아지는 일과성 임상 경과 등을 종합하여 말초혈액의 호산구 증가증과 조직 내에서 호산구의 심한 침윤을 보인 CMV 감염 소아 Menetrier병 1례를 보고하고자 한다. CMV 감염과 관련된 소아 Menetrier병의 특징적인 임상 증상과 소견을 염두에 두어야 하며, 향후 CMV 감염과 말초 혈액 호산구증가증과 조직내 호산구 침윤의 관련성에 대하여 임상적 해석이 필요하리라 판단된다. Herein, the case of a 5-year-old boy with cytomegalovirus-induced Menetrier's disease, with peripheral eosinophilia, presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting, followed by generalized edema, is reported. The initial laboratory findings, hypoalbuminemia and peripheral eosinophilia were noted, with no evidence of renal, hepatic, cardiac or allergic diseases. Gastrofiberscopy was performed under the suspicion of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with protein losing gastropathy. The gastrofiberscopy showed the characteristic features of giant hypertrophy of the gastric rugae, with large quantities of adherent gelatinous material on the gastric fundus and body. The histological findings revealed foveolar hyperplasia, compatible with Menetrier's disease, with massive eosinophilic infiltrations. The presence of cytomegalovirus infection was identified by serology and confirmed by urine PCR. His symptoms, gastrofiberscopic findings and peripheral eosinophilia resolved spontaneously, and he has remained well for 10 months.

플립칩용 에폭시 접착제의 저온 속경화 거동에 미치는 경화제의 영향

최원정,유세훈,이효수,김목순,김준기,Choi, Won-Jung,Yoo, Se-Hoon,Lee, Hyo-Soo,Kim, Mok-Soon,Kim, Jun-Ki 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.9

Various adhesive materials are used in flip chip packaging for electrical interconnection and structural reinforcement. In cases of COF(chip on film) packages, low temperature bonding adhesive is currently needed for the utilization of low thermal resistance substrate films, such as PEN(polyethylene naphthalate) and PET(polyethylene terephthalate). In this study, the effects of anhydride and dihydrazide hardeners on the low-temperature snap cure behavior of epoxy based non-conductive pastes(NCPs) were investigated to reduce flip chip bonding temperature. Dynamic DSC(differential scanning calorimetry) and isothermal DEA(dielectric analysis) results showed that the curing rate of MHHPA(hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride) at $160^{\circ}C$ was faster than that of ADH(adipic dihydrazide) when considering the onset and peak curing temperatures. In a die shear test performed after flip chip bonding, however, ADH-containing formulations indicated faster trends in reaching saturated bond strength values due to the post curing effect. More enhanced HAST(highly accelerated stress test) reliability could be achieved in an assembly having a higher initial bond strength and, thus, MHHPA is considered to be a more effective hardener than ADH for low temperature snap cure NCPs.

기후환경과 방송영상색채의 상관관계 연구

최원정(Won-jung Choi),최경실(Gyoung-sil Choi) 한국색채학회 2011 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.4

색채감성은 글로벌 시대의 마케팅 차별화 전략의 일환으로써 제품의 성패를 좌우한다. 현지 소비자들의 색채 선호 경향에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 적용되는 컬러마케팅의 활용분야는 패션, 제품뿐 아니라 방송 및 영화를 아우르는 영상분야로까지 확대될 수 있다. 개인이나 집단별 색채감성의 차이는 지역, 민족, 연령, 성별, 소득, 교양수준 등에 기인하는데, 본 연구에서는 자연 환경적 요인이 색채선호를 유발한다는 ‘색채기호의 지역설’에 근거해 지역별 기후환경과 방송영상색채의 상관관계에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 분석대상으로는 서유럽, 북아메리카 그리고 동북아시아의 대표적인 공영, 민영방송사의 메인 뉴스화면을 선정했다. 분석한 결과를 살펴보면, 사용빈도가 높은 색상과 톤의 지역별 공통점이 나타나는데, 이는 지역별로 비슷한 기후적 요인과 더불어 사회문화적 요인도 작용했기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 뉴스화면에서 공통적으로 BG계열의 사용빈도가 높았으며, 이는 색의 연상 작용을 고려해 블루가 주는 신뢰의 이미지를 적용한 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로 지역별로 하늘의 색과 연관된 색상이 뉴스화면에서 보여진다. 이는 지역별 하늘빛에 따라 인지하고, 순응하는 색상의 차이가 방송영상색채에도 영향을 준 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 지역별 영상색채 경향은 방송, 영화를 비롯한 영상 관련 업계의 해외 영상콘텐츠 제작시 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이번 연구에서는 메인 뉴스화면만을 연구대상으로 삼았지만 편성시간도 색채사용에 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문에 방송 시간대별로 구분한 색채 분석도 향후 연구과제가 될 것이다. Color sensibility influences the success or failure of a product as a part of marketing differentiation strategy in the global age. The area of color marketing utilization that is applied based on the understanding on the color preference tendency of local consumers can be expanded to not only fashion and product but also the visual area that encompasses broadcasting and cinema. The difference in color sensibility of individuals or groups results from region, race, age, gender, income and cultural level. In this study, the correlation between the local climatic environment and broadcasting image & video color will be examined based on "the regional color preferences" that state that nature & environmental factor causes color preference. As for the analysis subject, the main news screens of the major public & private broadcasting companies of Western Europe, North America and Northeast Asia were chosen. The analysis result shows common features per region in the frequently used color and tone, which is thought to be the result of the sociocultural factor in its effect in addition to the similar climatic factor per region. Additionally, frequency of the usage of BG tone color was commonly high in the news screens, which is thought to be the result of having applied the image of trust given out by blue in consideration of the association effect of color. Lastly, the color that is associated with the color of the sky per region is shown in the new screen. This can be seen as the influence of the difference in color of recognizing and adapting according to the sky color of region also in the broadcasting image & video color. It is expected that the image & video color tendency obtained through this study can be applied when producing overseas image & video contents in the broadcasting, cinema and image & video related industry. In this study, only the main news screens were selected as the study subject but since broadcasting schedule can also affect the color usage, the color analysis classified according to the broadcasting time and the color analysis per genre can also become the future study subjects.

소화기 ; 만성 췌장염에서 발생한 췌장암의 임상양상

최원정 ( Won Jung Choi ),이성구 ( Sung Koo Lee ),김명환 ( Myung Hwan Kim ),서동완 ( Dong Wan Seo ),이상수 ( Sang Soo Lee ),박도현 ( Do Hyun Park ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.85 No.1

목적: 췌장암은 예후가 매우 불량한 암으로 만성 췌장염은 췌장암의 위험인자로 알려져 있는데, 본 연구에서는 이런 환자에서 발생한 췌장암의 특징을 분석하여 조기진단 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 1989년 1월 1일부터 2009년 4월 30일까지 서울아산병원에 췌장암으로 입원한 환자 중 만성 췌장염의 과거력이 있는 38명과 대조군으로 만성 췌장염 없이 췌장암으로 진단된 환자 중 무작위 추출을 통해 선택된 50명을 대상으로 후향적으로 두 군 간의 특징을 비교하였다. 결과: 췌장염이 있는 군과 없는 군에서 모두 남성이 많았으며 췌장암 진단 당시 나이는 췌장염 군에서 57.42 ± 11.55세, 췌장염 없는 군 63.94 ± 11.42세 (p = 0.01)로 췌장염군이 더 어렸으며 흡연은 췌장염군(71.1% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.047)이 더 높았다. 췌장암 진단 당시의 임상 증상은 두 군 간 차이가 없었다. 두 군 모두에서 췌장 두부에서 암이 가장 호발했으며(57.9% vs. 64.0%), CA 19-9 값은 대부분 상승되어 있었고, 평균값도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 진단 당시 전산화 단층 촬영 이미지는 췌장염군에서 종괴 없이 췌관확장만 존재하는 경우(15.8% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.018)가 유의하게 많았으며 진단 및 치료법에 있어 췌장염군에서 수술을 선택하는 빈도가 높았다. 결론: 췌장염군은 영상 검사에서 비전형적으로 뚜렷한 종괴 없이 췌관확장만 있는 경우가 있으므로 임상적으로 췌장암이 의심된다면 수술이나 내시경 초음파 유도하 조직 검사 등을 통하여 적극적인 진단을 하여야 한다. 췌장염군의 췌장암 진단 당시 연령이 더 어려 좀 더 적극적으로 수술을 하는 경우가 많았으므로 만성 췌장염 환자에서 추적관찰을 적극적으로 한다면 좀 더 조기에 발견하여 치료율을 높일 수 있을 것이다. Background/Aims: A positive correlation between chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PC) has been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features of PC occurring in CP versus PC without CP with the aim of contributing to the earlier detection of PC in CP patients. Methods: The study was based on a retrospective chart review performed from 1989 to 2009, of 38 PC patients with underlying CP versus controls. Results: Compared with PC without CP, PC with CP patients were younger at the time of the diagnosis of PC (57.42 vs. 63.94 years; p = 0.01), a greater percentage were smokers (71.1% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.047), and there was pancreatic duct dilatation without a mass on CT findings (15.8% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.018). There was no difference in clinical presentation at the time of PC diagnosis and the CA 19-9 level was elevated in most patients in both groups. Additionally, there was no difference between the groups in terms of resectability (39.5% vs. 26.0%; p = 0.179) or preoperative stage; however, a greater proportion of the PC with CP group underwent surgery (34.2% vs. 16.0%; p = 0.047). Conclusions: When there is a high suspicion of PC, even if no definite mass is seen on CT in CP patents, we should endeavor to make a diagnosis of PC. Active follow-up of CP patients can allow earlier detection of pancreatic cancer. (Korean J Med 2013;85:41-49)

HIGHT 암복호화 병렬 실행을 위한 Key Scheduler 설계

최원정 ( Won Jung Choi ),이제훈 ( Je Hoon Lee ) 한국센서학회 2015 센서학회지 Vol.24 No.2

HIGHT is an 64-bit block cipher, which is suitable for low power and ultra-light implementation that are used in the network that needs the consideration of security aspects. This paper presents a parallel key scheduler that generates the whitening keys and subkeys simultaneously for both encryption and decryption processes. We construct the reverse LFSR and key generation blocks to generate the keys for decryption process. Then, the new key scheduler is made by sharing the common logics for encryption and decryption processes to minimize the increase in hardware complexity. From the simulation results, the logic size is increased 1.31 times compared to the conventional HIGHT. However, the performance of HIGHT including the proposed key scheduler can be increased by two times compared to the conventional counterpart.

소화기; 서울 3차 의료기관에서 분리한 헬리코박터 파일로리 항생제 내성률 변화

최원정 ( Won Jung Choi ),도기원 ( Gi Won Do ),이진혁 ( Gin Hyug Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회지 Vol.86 No.3

Background/Aims: Patient compliance and resistance to antibiotics are main factors determining the success of Helicobacter pylori eradication. This study provides basic data to verify the efficacy of currently implemented eradication therapy and reports changes in H. pylori resistance to all antibiotics used at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from 2004 to 2010. Methods: We investigated the resistance rates to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin in 88, 100, and 47 strains isolated from adult patients without H. pylori eradication history in 2004, 2007, and 2010. Results: The resistance rate to amoxicillin increased from 5.0% in 2007 to 10.6% in 2010. The resistance rate to clarithromycin increased from 10.2% in 2004 and 11.0% in 2007 to 14.8% in 2010. However, no difference was observed in the resistance rate to metronidazole, and strains resistant to tetracycline were not detected at all in this study. The resistance rates to quinolone lingered at 15-17% for 3 years. The non-resistant strains to antibiotics accounted for 56% of the total in 2004 and 62% in 2007. In contrast, a decreasing tendency was found for those strains in 2010 (43%). No significant differences were shown in the multi-drug resistance rate or the co-resistance rates of amoxicillin and clarithromycin over the 3 years. Conclusions: We showed increased resistance rates to clarithromycin and amoxicillin over the last 7 years, aligning with the results of previous studies performed domestically. Efforts are needed to inhibit the increase in resistant bacteria to maintain the effectiveness of eradication therapy.

봉제형과 무봉제형 니트웨어 제품의 역학적 특성 비교 연구 -니트 풀오버의 암홀부분을 중심으로-

최원정 ( Won Jung Choi ),이유진 ( Yoo Jin Lee ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2013 패션 비즈니스 Vol.17 No.2

This research is about the mechanical properties of knit pullover of Shaping and WholeGarment according to structured patterns and form of the armhole. For the study 12 samples are prepared under different conditions and through comparative analysis of each sample`s armhole around armpit in basic properties, tensile strength & elongation and residual elongation after repeated extensions, the conclusion is as follows. As a result of comparing basic properties of structured pattern of Shaping and WholeGarment samples, in all structured patterns Shaping samples weighed more. According to the comparative analysis of tensile strength & elongation of Shaping and WholeGarment samples, Machi on both sides of WholeGarment samples showed the highest strength. By comparing outcome of residual elongation by structured pattern of Shaping and WholeGarment samples, both types were observed to have the residual elongation increase in the order of Plain <Rib <Purl structure. In addition, even under different making process like Shaping and WholeGarment samples the residual elongation of armhole forms after repeated extensions did not show a significant difference.

차량용 HUD의 인지적 감성 평가 -주행정보의 색채 시인성을 중심으로-

최원정 ( Won Jung Choi ),이혜미 ( Won Jung Lee ),이설희 ( Seol Hee Lee ),박영경 ( Yung Kyung Park ) 한국감성과학회 2013 감성과학 Vol.16 No.2

교통사고의 주된 원인은 자동차 주행 중 운전자의 시각적 주의 분산이다. 본 연구에서는 운전자의 시선을 도로에서 벗어나지 않게 하면서 주행정보를 제공하는 HUD(Head Up Display)시스템을 이용해서 자동차 앞 유리(windshield)에 투영된 주행정보의 색채감성을 평가하였다. 주행정보는 전방시선 0˚에서 약 하방 9˚에 위치하도록 설치하였고, 실험실의 형광등, 5개의 LED 조명등과 TV출력 영상을 통해 25[lux]의 야간 운전 시 조도 환경, 100,000[lux]의 주간 운전 시 조도 환경을 재현하였다. 먼셀 표색계의 기본 5색(R, Y, G, B, P)과 신호등의 색 YR, W 총 7색의 단일 색과 W를 제외한 6개 글자에 각각 흰색 글자 외곽선, 회색 글자 외곽선을 주어 외곽선 있는 글자 12개를 만들었다. 총 19개의 실험 자극물을 주간과 야간 환경에서 각각 주행정보의 컬러 시인성, 피로도, 선호도, 방해 정도를 평가하였다. 실험결과는 시인성이 유의미하게 나왔는데, 첫째, 주간에서는 Y와 G 색상같이 색상 자체의 휘도가 높은 경우 시인성이 높았다. 둘째, 텍스트의 외곽선이 있는 경우, 외곽선이 배경색으로 작용하여 색상과의 휘도대비를 일으켜 시인성에 영향을 준다. 셋째, 외곽선이 없는 경우에는 차량 전면 유리의 휘도가 배경색 휘도로 작용하여 글자의 휘도와 큰 대비를 이룰 때 시인성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 운전자의 주시야를 고려해 전방에 제공되는 가상의 영상, HUD의 상용화를 위해서는 주행정보의 색채시인성이 중요한데 이를 높이기 위한 방안으로 배경과 글자의 휘도대비를 고려해볼 수 있다. The main causes of traffic accidents while driving a car is of the driver`s visual distraction. In this study, the color sensitivity of the information projected on the windshield were evaluated for HUD (Head Up Display) system which helps the driver`s eyes on the road while driving. The driving Information were projected 9˚ downward from front sight 0˚ under lab`s fluorescent lights, LED floorlights and the TV had having 25 [lux] illumination when driving at night environment and 100,000 [lux] of daylight environment. Munsell color hue of the basic five colors (R, Y, G, B, P) and the color of traffic lights YR, W were the color of the seven characters, each character were outlined by White, Gray except for W. Total of 19 experimental stimuli was shown in the environment of day and night driving for asking visibility information of color, fatigue, preferences, and evaluate the degree of interference. The results came out that the bright Y and G color is visibility significantly for daylight. Second, with the outline of the text, the color of the outline works as a background for luminance contrast effects and affects visibility. Third, without the outline, the glass in front of the vehicle acts as the background and the luminance contrast of characters achieve greater brightness and visibility. The luminance contrast between the stimuli and background should be considered for increasing color visibility for driving information which is an important factor for HUD commercialization.

방송영상의 색채감성에 관한 연구

최원정(Won-jung Choi),박영경(YungKyung Park) 한국색채학회 2012 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.26 No.4

텔레비전은 눈과 귀를 통해 이미지를 전달하는 감성적인 미디어로서 시청자의 감성을 자극하기 위해서는 보다 감각적인 화면의 연출이 요구된다. 특히 TV 영상프레임 안의 전체적인 분위기를 좌우하는 영상 색채는 시청자의 감성을 자극하는 주요 요소로 작용하며, 궁극적으로 채널의 선택에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이에 본 연구는 방송영상 화면 중 가장 의도적이고 계획적으로 색채를 적용하는 뉴스화면에 대하여 방송영상의 색채감성에 영향을 주는 요인을 규명하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 뉴스화면의 감성이미지 선호도에 영향을 주는 요인은 색의 조화, 생생함, 심플함으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 뉴스화면에 대한 색채감성에 명도와 채도가 혼합된 톤으로서 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 이렇게 혼합하여 지각된 톤은 선호도에 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 뉴스화면의 감성이미지 선호도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 분석된 조화, 생생함, 심플함에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 색채감성 요인은 명도 속성으로 분석되었다. The television is a sensible media, which conveys images through viewers’ eyes and ears; therefore, creating more sensible pictures is required to attract the viewers’ sensibilities. Especially, the colors of the pictures, which controls the general image of the television picture frame, work as the main component to stimulate the viewers’ sensibilities, and ultimately affect the viewers’ channel choices. Hence, this study has been conducted with the object to determine the factors affecting the color sensibility of the broadcasting pictures based on news pictures, which apply colors most deliberately and methodically among broadcasting pictures. The findings of the study are as follows. First, the factors affecting the sensible image preferences of the news pictures are analyzed as color harmony, vividness and simplicity. Second, it was analyzed that the mixed tone of the brightness and chroma affected the color sensibilities on the news pictures. Third, it was analyzed that the most affective color sensibility factor on harmony, vividness and simplicity, which were analyzed factors affecting the preferences on the news pictures, was the brightness attribute.