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고율 혐기성 공정과 아질산-아탈질을 연계한 수산물가공폐수의 질소제거
최용범,강동구,박상성,엄기현,임재명,권재혁,Choi, Yong-Bum,Kang, Dong-Gu,Park, Sang-Sung,Eum, Ki-Hyun,Rim, Jay-Myung,Kwon, Jae-Hyouk 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.4
Objectives: Organic matter and nitrogen were removed using the EGSB process, a high-rate anaerobic process, in combination with a nitritation-denitritation process, in order to ensure the stable treatment of seafood processing wastewater. Methods: The upflow velocity of an EGGS reactor was operated at 10 m/hr for maximal organics removal efficiency. For removal of nitrogen from seafood processing wastewater a nitritation-denitriation process was applied Results: The efficiency of the EGSB process showed that it has an 80% or more organic matter (CODcr) removal efficiency with an HRT of six hours or more at influent loadings of 17.34 kgCOD/$m^3$/day or less. The methane product for TCODcr removal was 0.23-0.38 $m^3CH_4$/kgCODrem., which was similar to the theoretical generation of STP-state methane, 0.35 $m^3CH_4$/kgTCODrem. In the nitritation-denitritation process, the nitritation conversion rate to $NH_4^+$-N concentration was 82% to 87%, 72% to 81% and 64% to 69% when HRT was 24 hr, 21 hr and 18 hr, respectively. In the denitritation process, the ratio of SCOD consumption to NOx-N removal ranged from 2.347 to 2.587. It was 2.472 on average. Conclusions: The optimal HRT for stable processing of seafood processing wastewater is six hours or more. The ratio of nitrite to total NOx-N was 82% to 96%, which indicates that nitrite accounts for the largest portion of the product.
수산물 가공폐수내 염분농도가 고율 혐기성 소화에 미치는 영향
최용범(Yong Bum Choi),한동준(Dong Joon Han),이해승(Hae Seung Lee),권재혁(Jae Hyouk Kwon) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.10
본 논문은 수산물가공 폐수내 염분농도가 고율 혐기성 소화공정에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행되었다. HRT 6 hr 이상에서 TCODcr의 제거효율은 81.1~90.7%로 조사되어, 수산물 가공폐수 처리를 위한 최적 HRT는 6 hr 이상으로 조사되었다. 유기물 부하 7.83~17.37 kgTCODcr/m3/day에서 TCODcr 제거당 메탄 발생량은 0.23~0.38 m3CH₄/kgCODrem.으로 STP 상태의 이론적 메탄가스 발생량 0.35 m3CH₄/ kgTCODrem.과 유사하게 조사되었다. 운전기간 동안 biogas내 메탄 함량은 70.1~76.8%로 유입부하 변동에 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 염분농도에 따른 혐기성 소화효율 검토결과, 4,000 mgCl-/L 이하에서 TCODcr의 제거효율은 83.4~89.2%로, 5,000 mgCl-/L에서는 70% 중반의 제거효율을 나타내, 안정적인 처리효율을 위해서는 4,000 mgCl-/L 이하로 유지하여야 한다. biogas내 메탄함량은 3,000 mgCl-/L 이하에서는 64.7~73.3%로 조사되었으나 4,000 mgCl-/L 이상에서는 50.1~56.9%로 염분농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the salt concentration in seafood wastewater on the high-rate anaerobic digestion process. In the general high-rate anaerobic process test, the TCODcr removal efficiency at 6 hr or more HRT was 81.1~ 0.7%, and the optimal HRT for seafood wastewater process was found to be 6 hr or more. The methane content in the biogas was 70.1~76.8% during the operation, and was hardly affected by the change in the influent load. The results of the anaerobic digestion efficiency according to the salt concentration showed that the removal efficiency of TCODcr was 83.4~89.2% below a 4,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration, and mid-70% at a 5,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration. Therefore, the salt concentration had to be kept below 4,000 mgCl-/L to ensure stable treatment efficiency. Below a 3,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration, the methane generation was 0.2999~0.346 m3CH₄/kgCODrem., which was similar to the theoretical methane gas generation in STP condition (0.35 m3CH₄/ gTCODrem.). The methane content in the biogas was 64.7~73.3% below a 3,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration, but decreased with an increase in the salt concentration, to 50.1~56.9% at a 4,000 mgCl-/L concentration.
저압 함침법에 의한 경합금 복합재료의 최적 설계와 개발에 관한 연구
최용범(Choi Yong Bum),사사키 겐(Sasaki Gen),박원조(Park Won Jo),박성호(Park Sung Ho) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.11
Metal fiber preform reinforced aluminum alloy composite were made by the infiltration of molten metal under low pressure casting process. The infiltration behavior of filling pattern and the velocity profile with low-pressure casting process was investigated. The thermocouple was inserted into the preform in order to observe the infiltration behavior. The infiltration of applied pressure time, 1s, 2s and 5s under constant pressure of 0.4㎫ was completely filled during 0.4s. In these conditions, molten aluminum alloy has successfully infiltrated to FeCrSi metal fiber preform by low-pressure casting process. It was observed the porosity of composites for reliability of composites,. It was developed the automobile piston with FeCrSi reinforced aluminum alloy that is 0% porosity by the optimal applied pressure and applied pressure time.
침지식 MBR을 이용한 수산물 폐수처리장 운영에 관한 연구
최용범(Choi, Yong-Bum),이해승(Lee, Hae-Seung),한동준(Han, Dong-Joon),권재혁(Kwon, Jae-Hyouk) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.11
수산물 가공폐수의 배출특성 결과, 불규칙한 유입부하로 안정적인 처리에 어려움이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 수산물 가공폐수와 같은 고농도 유기성 폐수처리에는 가압부상조 운영이 매우 중요하다. 가압부상조의 운전 factor를 조사한 결과, A/S ratio 0.05(설계기준 0.01), 가압공기 압력은 8bar(설계기준 6bar), 가압탱크 압력은 6bar(설계기준 4.5bar), HRT는 60sec(설 계기준 10sec)로 운영하였다. 또한 재순환율은 40% 이상(설계기준 30%), 표면 부하율은 13.7m3/m2· hr 이하(설계기준 17.7m3/m2· hr 이하)로 변경하여 최초 설계기준에 비하여 운전 factor를 유입특성에 따라 변화시켜 가압부상조의 성능을 향상 시켰다. 유입부하 검토결과, BOD는 유입 설계기준 대비 140.7%, CODMn는 120.32%, SS는 106.3%로 조사되었으며, T-N은 135.5%, T-P는 173.3%로 설계기준보다 높게 유입되고 있었다. 처리시설의 연간 운영비를 조사한 결과, 슬러지 처리비(27.7%) 와 약품비(26.0%)가 높은 비중을 차지하였으며, 슬러지 처리비는 해양투기 금지로 더욱 상승할 것으로 판단된다. 수산물 가 공폐수 처리단가는 1톤당 3,858원으로 하수처리비용(142.6원/ton)에 비해 27배 이상으로 높게 조사되었는데, 이는 고농도의 유기물과 영양염류를 포함하고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. The survey revealed that, due to the discharge characteristics of seafood wastewater, irregular inflow loads were caused, making it difficult to treat the wastewater safely. It is crucial for the operation of pressure and floating tanks for the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater such as seafood wastewater. The survey of operation factors for the pressure and floating tanks revealed this: A/S ratio 0.05 (design criteria 0.01), the pressurized air pressure 8bar(design criteria 6bar), the pressure tank pressure 6bar (design criteria 4.5bar), and HRT 60sec(design criteria: 10sec). Also, the recirculation rate was changed to over 40%(design criteria: 30%), and the surface load rate was changed to under 13.7m3/m2·hr(design criteria: under 17.7m3/m2· hr); thus, compared to the initial design criteria, the operation factors were changed according to inflow characteristics, thus enhancing the pressure and floating tank performance. The survey of inflow load revealed BOD 140.7%, CODMn 120.32%, and SS 106.3%, compared to the inflow design criteria, as well as T-N 135.5% and T-P173.3%, higher than the design criteria. The survey of the treatment facility annual operation cost revealed high portions in sludge treatment cost(27.7%) and chemicals costs(26.0%), and the sludge treatment cost will likely further increase due to the ban on ocean dumping. The unit cost for the treatment of seafood wastewater was found to be KRW 3,858 per ton, more than 27 times higher than the sewage treatment cost(KRW 142.6/ton), presumably because the seafood wastewater contains high-concentration organic substances and nutritive salts.
고랭지 밭 토양유실 방지를 위한 폴리머 소재(폴리아크릴아마이드 및 바이오폴리머)의 현장적용성 평가
최용범(Yong Beom Choi),최봉수(Bong Su Choi),김세원(Se Won Kim),이상수(Sang Soo Lee),옥용식(Yong Sik Ok) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.11
본 연구에서는 경사도 20%의 강원도 경작지 실험포장(가로 3 m×세로 18 m)을 대상으로 자연강우 조건하에서 폴리머 기반 토양개량제인 polyacrylamide (PAM) 및 바이오폴리머의 처리가 토양유실 및 작물의 생장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 40 kg/ha PAM 및 바이오폴리머 처리시 토양입단 안정도는 대조구에 비해 최대 11% 증가하였다. 생육조사 결과 폴리머 처리에 따라 무(Raphanus sativus)의 엽장은 증가하였으나 수확량의 경우 유의적인 차이를 나타내지는 않았다(P>0.05). 토양유실의 경우 폴리머 기반 토양개량제 처리시 토양유실량이 최대 41% 감소하였으나 유거수량에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 토양유실량은 강우강도의 증가에 따라 대수관계(R2 = 0.85)로 증가함을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 피복이 완전치 못한 경사지 경작지에 대한 폴리머 기반 토양개량제 시용은 토양유실 저감에 효과적이며 작물생육 촉진 및 토양질 향상에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Use of polymeric soil amendments is an emerging way to reduce soil erosion, and improve crop productivity and soil quality. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) and synthetic biopolymer on soil erosion, crop growth and soil quality. The aqueous solutions of PAM and biopolymer at 40 kg/ha were applied to loamy soil plots (3 m width by 18 m long) having a 20% slope during radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivation. Results showed that PAM and biopolymer treatments increased aggregate stability up to 11% compared to the untreated control. Treatments of PAM and biopolymer also increased leaf length of radish but there was no significant difference in crop yield. Soil loss was decreased by up to 41% using the polymeric soil amendments; however, no difference in runoff was found, compared to the untreated control. Soil loss was logarithmically increased against an increase in rainfall intensity (R2= 0.85). Our findings suggest that proper use of polymeric soil amendments would be beneficial to maintain soil quality and reduce soil erosion in sloping uplands.