Tissue Specific Expression of Wound-Inducible RCaM-2 Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

최영주,Choi Young Ju Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To study calmodulin (CaM) gene expression and its regulation, rice CaM promoter (RCaM-2) was isolated and fused to $\beta-glucuronidase$ (GUS), reporter gene. X-Glue staining patterns revealed that GUS localization is high in meristemic tissues such as the stem apex, stolen tip, and vascular regions. GUS staining in the transverse sections of stem and petiole was restricted to the inside of the vascular system, and cortex and epidermis located outside of the vascular system usually did not show GUS staining even a plant that expressed strong activity. GUS activity was found to be tissue specific expressed and exhibited a dramatic transient increase in response to wounding. These results suggest that the 5'-flanking region of RCaM gene regulates wound-inducible expression. Calmodulin 유전자의 발현 조절을 연구하기 위해, 벼 calmodulin promoter (RCaM-2)를 분리하여 GUS (report 유전자)에 융합하였다. GUS 활성은 정단조직, 근단 및 관다발 영역과 같은 성장조직에서 높게 발현되었다. 줄기와 페티올의 transverse 절단부위 GUS 활성은 관다발계의 안쪽에 제한되었으며 관다발계의 외부에 위치한 피층과 표피에서는 강하게 발현된 식물에서도 GUS 활성이 나타나지 않았다. GUS 활성은 어린 조직에서 특이적으로 발현되었으며 상처에 의해서 신속하게 증가하였다. RCaM-2 promoter는 세포분열이 왕성한 어린조직이나 생장점에서 강하게 발현되며 mechanical 신호에 의해서 현저히 유도되었다. 이러한 결과는 RCaM-2 유전자의 5'-flanking 영역이 상처에 의해서 유도되는 발현을 조절하는 것으로 추정된다.

질소고정균의 성장과 질소고정력에 대한 osmoprotectant 의 영향

최영주,갈상완 ( Young Ju Choi,Sang Wan Gal ) 한국응용생명화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.41 No.1

The Rhizobium and Azospirillum spp. were isolated from the root nodules of several leguminous plants and rhizosphere of various paddy rice varieties. The growth of the nitrogen-fixing strains isolated was largely inhibited in yeast extract-mannitol medium (AMA) containing 0.6 M NaCl. In response to osmotic stress, the nitrogen-fixing strains accumulate intracellular free glutamate. The growth and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium and Azospirillum were increased by addition of osmoprotectants such as proline, glycine betaine, and glutamate during salt stress. Glycine betaine was the most effective among exogenous osmoprotectants tested. In the absence of sodium chloride, nitrogenase activity seem to be slightly decreased by the presence of the proline or glycine betaine. These results revealed that nitrogenase activity was repressed by fixed nitrogens such as proline or glycine betaine.

Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction Characteristics of Indigenous Soybean Rhizobia Distributed in Korea Soils

최영주,최용락,윤한대,유진창,이상규,조무제,Choi, Young-Ju,Choi, Yong-Lark,Yun, Han-Dae,Ryu, Jin-Chang,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Cho, Moo-Je 한국응용생명화학회 1986 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.29 No.2

연속적으로 대두를 재배한 토양과 신개간지 토양에서 재배한 대두 품종 단엽의 근류로부터 토착대두 근류근 87종을 분리하고 이들을 생장속도에 따라 Bradyrhizobium japonicum (slow-grower) 및 Rhizobium fredii (fast-grower)로 분류한 결과 전자가 55종, 후자가 32종이었다. 이두그룹의 대두 근류균을 질산염 환원특성에 따라 denitrifying fast-grower(F-1), nitrate respiring fast-grower(F-II), denitrifying slow-grower(S-I), 및 nitrate respiring slow-grower (S-II)로 세분 되었으며, 분리균주 총 87종중 S-I, S-II, F-I 및 F-II의 수는 각각 10, 22, 48 및 7종이었다. 이들 각 group 대두 근류균의 균체단백질의 전기영동 pattern상의의 차이를 1차 및 2차원 전기영동으로 분석한 결과 slow 및 fast-grower간에는 현저한 차이를 관찰할 수 있었으나 동일 생장속도를 가진 것 중 denitrifer와 nitrate repirer간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. Eightyseven strains of indigenous Rhizobia were isolated from the nodule of soybean cultivar, Danyup, cultivated in four different soils sampled from continuously soybean cultivated and newly reclaimed fields. The strains were grouped into Bradyrhizobium japanicum (slow-grower:55 strains) and Rhizobium fredii (fast-grower: 32 strains). The both groups could be divided into two sub-groups according to the denitrification characteristics, that is, denitrifying fast-grower (F-I), nitrate respiring fast-grower (F-II), denitrifying slow-grower (S-I). and nitrate respiring slow-grower (S-II). Among the 87 isolates, F-I, F-II, S-I and S-II sub-groups were 10, 22, 48 and 7 strains, respectively. The one-and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of the four sub-groups were compared and discernible difference was observed between fast and slow-grower, but the difference was not discernible between subgroups within the same growth rate group.

영어 이중목적어구문 습득과 어휘제약전이

최영주 ( Young Ju Choi ),최세일 ( Sae Il Choi ) 21세기영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학21 Vol.25 No.4

Through an experiment with adult Koreans learning English as a foreign language, this study gives evidence to the hypothesis that lexical constraints are transferred to interlanguage in learning English double object datives. Previous studies dealing with L2 acquisition of English double object datives largely focus on whether or not L1 transfer occurs at the morphological level. This study attempts to demonstrate that the lexical differences shown in these previous studies reflect the differences in the lexical constraints of Korean and English. For example, observation of the experiment results in Oh & Zubizarreta (2003) reveals there is a lexical difference between whisper and shout. This seems to reflect the grammatical contrast shown in their Korean counterparts when they occur in Korean dative accusative constructions realized as ``-eykey -lul -hata``. Thus the experiment for this study was constructed under the hypothesis that when an adult Korean learns English as a foreign language, L1 transfer occurs at the level of lexicon rather than morphology. The subjects of this experiment were 69 university students majoring in English Language and Literature. They were asked to determine, on a scale of one to five, the grammaticality of twelve sentences, which were divided into four sets of three; sentences that were grammatical in English and Korean, sentences that were grammatical in English but ungrammatical in Korean, sentences that were ungrammatical in English but grammatical in Korean, sentences that were ungrammatical in both English and Korean. However, when the results between sentences that were ungrammatical in English but grammatical in Korean and sentences that were grammatical in English but ungrammatical in Korean are compared, the former has a higher acceptability than the latter, showing that there is a lexical constraint transfer.

한국수화에 나타난 개념적 은유와 개념적 환유

최영주(Young ju Choi) 현대문법학회 2017 현대문법연구 Vol.92 No.-

Since sign language uses a visual and gestural mode it has more restrictions in designating concepts compared to spoken language, which uses an auditory-vocal mode. Therefore, sign language is prone to using more metaphorical and metonymical expressions. Since Lakoff and Johnson (1980), many researchers have paid great attention to the observation of the metaphorical and metonymical expressions in various spoken languages. However, the same phenomena have not been thoroughly explored in sign languages, in spite of the fact that sign language frequently employs metaphor and metonymy even in basic words. This paper observes the types of metaphor and metonymy that are used in the adjectives of Korean Sign Language. Because of the arbitrary relation of form and meaning in spoken language, metaphor and metonymy cannot be found in morphologically simple words in spoken language. However, in sign language, metaphor and metonymy are widespread phenomena even in morphologically simple words.

Explicit Observation of EFL Writing Process

최영주 ( Young Ju Choi ) 21세기영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학21 Vol.24 No.1

It has been discussed that process writing approach is more effective than product approach in teaching L1 and L2 writings. Discussion on writing processes in an L1 setting and an ESL setting dates back to late 1970s and early 1980s, respectively. However, it is not easy to find out researches on writing process in an EFL setting. To fill the gap, this paper examines what are the writing processes of EFL students in Korean classroom setting. Korean EFL students uses the product model instead of the process model for their composition. They think writing process should be linear rather than being recursive and hierarchical. Only after finishing the first draft, they try to revise it, mainly focusing on spelling and grammatical errors. Students do not seem to spend enough time in a prewriting stage. No subjects report that they discuss on their topics with others before they start to write. Based on the observation, it also discusses the pedagogical implication of the findings. Teachers need to intervene all the writing stages to help students discover meanings they want to create. Students` awareness of their writing processes is also an important part for better writing. Thus, teacher has to help them to understand what skilled writers do while composing.

Metonymy and Korean Noun-Noun Compounds

최영주 ( Young Ju Choi ) 21세기영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학21 Vol.25 No.3

Many of nontransparent compounds, which have been a recalcitrant problem to the generative approach, can be well analyzed from the perspectives of cognitive semantics. Benczes (2006) analyzed English noun-noun compounds with metonymies, one of the major analytic devices within cognitive semantics. He categorized the compounds with five types based on Langacker`s (1993) analysis on compounds. Following his lead, the paper analyzed Korean noun-noun compounds with metonymies, providing a crosslinguistic evidence for word-level metonymy.

금속 나노입자를 이용한 이산화탄소 흡수 속도 촉진

최영주(Choi, Young Ju),윤민혜(Youn, Min Hye),박기태(Park, Ki-Tae),김인호(Kim, In-Ho),정순관(Jeon, Soon-Kwan) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.10

지구온난화 방지를 위해 이산화탄소를 제거하는 다양한 방법 중 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장 기술이 가장 유망한 기술로 부각되고 있다. 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장기술이 상용화되기 위해서는 저가의 효율적인 흡수제 개발이 필수적이다. 본 연구에 서는 금속 나노입자를 이용하여 이산화탄소 흡수속도를 촉진하는 연구를 수행하였다. 코발트, 아연, 니켈의 세 가지 금속나노 입자를 합성하였으며 나노입자 합성 방법 중 습식법과 건식법에 의한 영향을 비교 분석하였다. pH 변화를 이용한 이산화탄 소 흡수 속도 측정 결과 습식법으로 제조한 니켈 금속나노입자가 가장 우수한 이산화탄소 흡수 속도 촉진효과를 보였다. 금속 나노입자를 이산화탄소 포집공정에 적용할 경우 흡수탑의 크기를 작게 하여 경제적인 공정 구현이 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. With increasing concern about global warming, CCS (Carbon dioxide capture and storage) has attracted much attention as a promising technology for reducing CO₂ emission. It is necessary to develop the cost-effective absorbents materials in order to rapid commercialize CCS technologies. In this work, he study for the promotion of absorption rate in CO₂ capture system using metal nanoparticle were investigated. Three kinds of metal nanoparticle, cobalt, zinc, and nickel, were prepared by wet and dry method and effect of preparation method on the absorption rate of CO₂ were compared. Among the tested using pH method, nickel nanoparticle prepared by wet method showed the most significant improvement of CO₂ absorption rate. In case that metal nanoparticle is applied to CCS process, it is expected to be more efficient in CO₂ capture process due to reduce the size of absorption tower.

증강현실 기술을 적용한 실감 내비게이션 시스템 개발

최영주(Young-Ju Choi),서용덕(Yong-Deuk Seo),박준(Jun Park),이상국(Sang-Goog Lee) 한국정보기술학회 2008 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.6 No.3

This paper has proposed a method of developing the reality navigation system that has applied the augmented reality technique to the screen of automobile navigation system. This method complements the differences between real world and map that are held by the existing navigation systems, incorrect screen display of map images, and difficulties in making and managing map images. These are made possible by taking the real images in the driving direction, by using the images in place of an electronic map, and by displaying the movement direction and major building information in real-time on the images. Also by applying the augmented reality technique, driver can recognize the navigation information such as the names and locations of major buildings easily and accurately.

인지의미론의 관점으로 분석한 ‘비설거지’의 의미

최영주(Young ju Choi) 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.98 No.-

Korean compound word piselkeci has the meaning of ‘to put things (esp. grains) away so they don t get wet when it rains.’ However, because it is rarely used these days, when its meaning is asked of, common responses are ‘to wash dishes with rainwater’ and ‘to clean the surroundings with rain.’ The paper demonstrates how the compound word piselkeci has its meaning, unlike the folk belief, from the perspective of cognitive semantics. The modifier pi ‘rain’ is extended to designate ‘due to rain’ through the metonymy EVENT FOR CAUSE. The profile determinant selkeci ‘dish-washing’ is extended to mean ‘taking care of things after a certain event’ by the HYPONYM FOR HYPERNYM metonymy and further to ‘taking care of things after an event.’ The paper also explains why most people misinterpret the meaning of piselkeci. They interpret pi ‘rain’ as an instrument or as an agent. In the former interpretation, pi is construed as ‘rain water’ through WHOLE FOR PART metonymy and, in the latter interpretation, it is construed as an inanimate agent which cleans the surroundings, which happens often when it rains.