우췌성 백반증에서 기원한 우췌성 암종의 치험례

최문기,Choi, Moon-Gi 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2006 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.28 No.4

Oral leukoplakia is the most common premalignant lesion and malignant transformation has been reported from verrucal lekoplakia. Homogenous, benign leukoplakia develops into a line of squamous cell carcinoma such as verrrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Early diagnosis and intervention of premalignant leukoplakia is up-most important to prevent transformation into a oral squamous cell carcinoma. Any change in surface, size and color warrants repeated biopsy. If verrucous carcinoma is evidently derived from the previous leukoplakia, wide surgical excision and periodic follow up is needed. Surgically removed lesion of leukoplakia has the tendency to recur. Follow-up is very important to patient and clinician. Although many therapies have been reported to oral leukoplakia and verrucal carcinoma, accepted treatment principle is not exist so far. But surgical removal is recommended as the treatment of choice.

법랑아세포종의 냉동수술 치험례

최문기,Choi, Moon-Gi 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2012 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.34 No.3

Although an ameloblastoma is a benign tumor histologically, it may act malignantly. It has locally destructive and recurrent tendencies. Many different strategies have been attempted in order to cure an ameloblastoma including curettage, enucleation, marsupialization, and resection with a safty margin. Curettage, enucleation, and marrsupialization can be classified into a conservative treatment and resection with a safty margin can be classified into a radical treatment. Radical treatment has better results than the conservative treatment. Thus, more radically conservative treatment methods are needed in order to improve the treatment results. The cryosurgery can be applied an ameloblastoam. In particular, with regards to the solid and intramural type, the application of the cryosurgery has its advantages over the conservative treatment. After resection of the diseased area we don't need to discard the diseased segment. Instead, by placing the segment in liguid nitrogen, the diseased segment can use the autogenous tray for packing several bone materials.

진행성 반안면위축환자의 치험례

최문기,Choi, Moon-Gi 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2010 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.32 No.4

A progressive hemifacial atrophy is characterized by progressive atrophy of subcutaneous fat and rarely muscle and bone. Its contour follows the underlying muscle. Unilateral involvement is common. The treatment goal has been focused on the augmentation of the soft tissue. Many materials such as implants, collagen, fat graft, fat injection, dermal fat graft, filler and vascualized autogenous graft have been used. Although these materials have been used, the best treatment hasn't been achived. In severe cases underlying soft tissue, muscle and bone may be atrophied and massive soft tissue graft, implant and orthognathic surgery must be used. The author used the dermal-fat tissue for the pupose of soft tissue augmentation. We can get the massive soft tissue by the dermolipectomy procedure through the mini-abdominoplsty. The facial augmentation was done by augmentation of the dermal-fat tissue. The progressive hemifacial atrophy is hard to treat by only one procedure and many modalites must be considered.

안면신경마비 환자의 재건에 관한 증례보고

최문기,Choi, Moon-Gi 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.3

Rehabilitation of the paralyzed face as a result of trauma or surgery remains a daunting task. Complete restoration of emotionally driven symmetric facial motion is still unobtainable, but current techniques have enhanced our ability to improve this emotionally traumatic deficit. Problems of mass movement and synkinesis still plague even the best reconstructions. The reconstructive techniques used still represent a compromise between obtainable symmetry and motion at the expense of donor site deficits, but current techniques continue to refine and limit this morbidity. In chronically paralyzed face, direct nerve anastomosis, nerve graft, or microvascular-muscle graft is not always possible. In this case, regional muscle transposition is tried to reanimate the eyelid and lower face. Regional muscle includes maseeter muscle, temporalis muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Temporalis muscle is preferred because it is long, flat, pliable and wide-motion of excursion. In order to reanimate the upper and lower eyelid, Upper eyelid Gold weight implantion and lower eyelid shortening and tightening is mainly used recently, because this method is very simple, easy and reliable.

음란물에 의한 인터넷상의 名譽毁損에 관한 一考察

최문기(Moon-Ki Choi) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.19 No.2

인격권침해에 대한 법의 보호는 인간의 존엄을 중시하는 헌법정신과 문화국가의 이념구현을 위한 요청으로도 볼 수 있다. 현대생활에 있어서 사생활의 보호문제나 국민의 권리의식의 제고 등으로 인하여 인격권으로서의 명예권에 대한 관심도 더욱 높아졌다고 생각된다. 그리하여 이 논문에서는 우리 나라에서의 판례, 학설과 더불어, 판례의 집적이 상당한 상태에 있는 미국, 독일, 일본의 입법 및 판례를 참고로 하여 불법행위로서의 명예훼손의 성립요건으로서의 위법성의 판단기준으로서의 진실성 및 공익성, 명예훼손에 대한 구제수단 등을 고찰하였다. 특히 손해배상청구로서의 위자료를 발생케 하는 명예를 훼손당한 자의 고통은 그 치명성, 광역성, 영속성으로 말미암아 어쩌면 영원히 회복불능의 처지에 빠지며, 우리의 선조들이 명예를 생명보다도 더 소중히 간직하여 온 점을 고려할 때 이제 우리도 영미법적 징벌적 위자료론을 당장 받아들이기는 어렵다 하더라도 위자료 산정의 수단으로서의 제재적 위자료론의 도입을 탐색하여야 할 때가 온 것 같다. 그렇게 함으로써 무책임한 언론 등의 명예훼손과 익명성의 인터넷 상의 명예훼손에 대한 제재를 가하여 행위억제법으로서의 불법행위법이 활동할 영역을 제공함과 아울러 언론 등으로 하여금 인간의 지고의 가치인 인격권으로서의 명예권을 보호할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것으로 생각된다. 인터넷상의 (사이버) 음란물이란 전자적 형태로 기록된 음란물로서 유형물에 의하지 않고 파일 전송 등을 통하여 사이버공간에서 유통되는 음란물을 말한다. 따라서 이러한 인터넷상의 (사이버) 음란물에는 형법 제243조가 적용될 수 없고 형사특별법인 정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률 등이 적용된다. 또한 정보의 디지털화, 정보의 네트워크화, 상호작용성, 하이퍼텍스트 및 익명성으로 대표되는 특성을 기지고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 인하여 과거보다 명예훼손이 순식간에 그리고 광범위하게 이루어질 위험이 존재한다. 더욱이 과거에는 명예훼손이 되지 않던 것이 사이버스페이스의 특성으로 인하여 정보의 가공과 조작이 가능해졌으며 결국 명예훼손의 가능성이 높아지게 되었다. 우리 법원은 명예훼손에 관하여 인터넷서비스제공자를 면책시키는 미국의 이론을 채택하지 않고, 광범위하게 책임을 인정하여 결국 사이버스페이스에서 자유로운 토론을 위축시켜 표현의 자유를 제한하는 것으로 연결 될 위험이 있다. 이러한 판결의 취지를 지나치게 확대하여 인터넷 서비스제공자의 책임을 광범위하게 인정하려는 해석론은 표현의 자유를 지나치게 제약하게 되는 결과를 초래할 것이 분명하므로 엄격한 해석이 요구된다. 오히려 예외적인 경우에 인터넷서비스제공자의 작위의무가 발생함을 인정하는 방향으로 해석하여 표현의 자유와 명예권과의 조화를 도모하여야 할 것이다. 인터넷상의 명예훼손은 국가보다 인터넷서비스제공자가 더 수월하게 통제할 수 있는 위치에 있다. 정보의 흐름을 보다 정확하게 평가할 수 있는 것이 인터넷서비스제공자이므로 그만큼 적발과 조치도 용이하다. 그러므로 인터넷서비스제공자가 자율적으로 인터넷상의 명예훼손의 예방과 퇴치의 전면에 나서도록 법적ㆍ사회적 환경조성을 유도하는 것이 표현의 자유와 명예권의 이익을 조정할 수 있는 유용한 방안이다. 인터넷의 폭발적인 확장이 있던 최근 몇 년간에 국제적인 관심을 끈 인터넷상의 명예훼손에 관한 소송은 많지 않았으며 특히 음란물에 의한 인터넷상의 명예훼손에 관한 판결은 없는 것으로 보인다. 이는 아마도 훨씬 더 많은 사건이 법정 밖에서 합의에 의해서 해결되었을 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 인터넷이 계속 확대되면서 인터넷상의 불법행위에 대한 소송은 매우 빈번하게 발생할 것이다. 소송의 증가는 사이버스페이스에서 자금력을 가지고 있는 인터넷서비스제공자들에게는 잠재적인 소송비용과 책임의 증가를 의미할 것이다. 인터넷서비스제공자들을 명예훼손적인 메시지의 공표자로 보아 그들에게 다른 사람이 저지른 명예훼손에 대해 책임을 부과한다는 것은 필연적으로 그들로 하여금 모든 정보를 여과하여 실증되지 않거나 허위의 정보를 제거할 것을 요구하게 될 것이다. 잠재적으로 명예훼손자가 될 수 있는 인터넷 이용자가 수 천만명인 것을 고려할 때 인터넷서비스제공자들에게 들어오는 정보의 적격여부를 심사할 것을 요구하는 것은 의심할 여지없이 엄청난 재정적ㆍ기술적 부담이 될 것이다. 더욱이 현재까지 명예훼손적인 메시지를 자동적으로 걸러낼 수 있는 것도 기술적으로 가능하지 않다. 따라서 명예훼손적인 메시지를 합리적으로 알 수 없었던 인터넷서비스제공자들에게 무차별적으로 책임을 부과한다는 것은 그들로 하여금 정보서비스를 중단하는 극단적인 조치를 취하게 할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 과도한 제지를 방지하기 위해서 법률체계는 이들에게 그러한 책임으로부터 상당한 보호를 제공하지 않으면 아니 될 것이다. 그러나 과연 미국 CDA §230이 현재까지 법원들에 의해 해석된 것처럼 인터넷 서비스제공자들에게 인터넷상에서 제3자가 저지를 명예훼손과 관련하여 공표자(publisher)로서 절대적인 면죄부를 인정하는 것이 바람직한 것인지에 대해서는 의문이 없을 수 없다. 인터넷서비스제공자들이 사용자와의 계약에서 거슬리는 내용을 통지를 받으면 그것이 제공자들의 서비스 조건을 위반한다고 결정하면 그것의 제거를 요청할 수도 있고, 또는 스스로 제거할 수도 있다고 하는 것에서 보듯이 인터넷 서비스 제공자들이 적어도 해로운 내용들을 제거하려고 노력하는 것이 불가능하다고 느끼지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. 아직도 인터넷 서비스제공자들이 일반 사용자들보다는 인터넷상에서 발생하는 불법행위들을 방지할 수 있는 더 나은 위치에 있다고 할 수 있다. 광범위한 면죄부가 표현의 자유에 필수 불가결한 것이라고 해석될 수 있지만 인터넷상에서 피해를 입을 수도 있는 자들을 보호할 어떤 의무도 인터넷서비스제공자들에게 부과하지 않는다면 이는 사용자들을 보호하거나 구할 어떠한 조치도 취하지 않음으로써 비용을 절감하려는 인터넷서비스제공자들에 의해 남용될 수 있다. 따라서 그들에게 CDA §230의 해석처럼 제3자가 저지른 명예훼손과 관련하여 공표자(publisher)로 보고 절대적인 면죄부를 주기보다는 정보의 배포자(distributor)의 책임을 부과한다는 것 - 즉 배포되는 메시지가 명예훼손적이라는 것을 알았거나 알 수 있는 이유를 가지고 있었음에도 불구하고 합리적으로 행동하지 않았을 때 그들로 하여금 명예훼손에 대한 책임을 지게 한다는 것이 타당하다고 본다. This paper proposed only to make within the limits permitted by available space, some resonable selection of the law of defamation of the Internet by obscene goods which seemed particularly significant. And cases decided recently were to be preferred, not because they were necessarily better cases, or necessarily more important ones, but because they tended to show the present situation of the law of defamation of the Internet by obscene goods. And the volume of decisions in the field of torts relating to defamation continues to grow at a rapid pace, the number of citations given to support must be necessarily limited. So every effort has been made to retain citations of significant old cases which including citing of new cases that adopt new positions or provide new insights. And the effect of the decisions relating to freedom of the press and freedom of speech has been discussed. It has been held in Korea that the communication must tend to defame the plaintiff in the eyes of the community in general, or least of a resonable person, rather than in the opinion of any particular group. The American courts, however, have taken a more realistic view, recognizing that the plaintiff may suffer real damage if he is lowered in the esteem of any substantial and respectable group, even though it may be quiet a small minority. Any living person may be defamed. No civil action will live for the defamation of one who is dead, unless these is a reflection upon does still living who are themselves defamed. A corporation is regarded as having no reputation in any personal sense, so that it cannot be defamed by words such as those imputing unchasity, which would affect the purely, personal repute of an individual. In order that the defendants words may be defamatory, they must be understood in a defamatory sense. It is not necessary that anyone believe them to be true, since the fact that such are in circulation at all concerning the plaintiff must be to some extent injurious to his reputation - although obviously the absence of belief will bear upon the amount of damages. There must be, however, a defamatory meaning conveyed. The privilege is lost if the defendant does not believe what he says. Many courtshave gone further, and have said that it is lost if the defamer does not have resonable grounds, or probable cause to believe it to be true, while others have insisted that good faith, no matter how unreasonable the basis, in all that is required. In all such cases, the fact that the communication is incidentally read or overheard by a person to whom there is no privilege to publish it will not result in liability, if the method adopted is a reasonable and appropriate one under the circumstances. But the fact that there will be such incidental publication to improper person is itself important in determining whether the method is a reasonable one; and the defendant may be liable of he unnecessarily sends a defamatory message on a postcard or uses the telegraph of speaks so that he will be overheard instead of resorting to some adequate but less public alternative. Furthermore, the qualified privilege will be lost if the defendant published the defamation in the wrong state of mind. The word malice, which has plagued the law of defamation has been much used in this connection, and it frequently is said that the privilege is forfeited if the publication is malicious. A conditional privilege is recognized in many cases where the publisher and the recipient have a common interest, and the communication is of a kind reasonable calculated to protect or further it. There is general agreement, however, that the privilege is limited by the extent to which the particular subscriber to whom the publication is made has an apparent, present interest in the report; and that in so for as there is general publication to those without such an interest, the risk of false information is one to be borne by business. The interest of ge

[특집에 부쳐] 웨어러블 전자 소자를 위한 기반기술과 응용

최문기(Moon Kee Choi),서정목(Jungmok Seo) 한국고분자학회 2020 고분자 과학과 기술 Vol.31 No.4

이행리익(履行利益)과 신뢰리익(信賴利益)의 개념(槪念)에 관한 일고찰(一考察)

최문기 ( Moon Ki Choi ) 경성대학교 법학연구소 2015 경성법학 Vol.24 No.-

In this paper I have focused on the theory of about Performance Interest (Expectation Interest) and reliance interest. The Supreme court decided that plaintiff might claim Performance Interest (Expectation Interest) or Reliance Interest alternatively. I have agreed to the theory of the Supreme Court Decision I have analysed the basis on the law of contract that belongs to damages as the object to have to compensate. Recently it has been admitted reliance interest by the Supreme Count. This means that admitted cases offer a clue to insist on the theory that damages should be compensated by reliance interest against expectation. I hope that provisions regarding compensation of the disbursement of expenses shall be stipulated in Article 393 paragraph③ of the Korean Civil Code like Article 77 in CISG or Article 284 in BGB.

공학윤리 접근의 이론적 토대

최문기 ( Moon Ki Choi ) 한국윤리학회 2008 倫理硏究 Vol.68 No.1

활동기반모형을 이용한 근무유연제와 재택근무제 시행에 따른 대기오염노출의 시공간 변화 분석

최문기(Moongi Choi),김예린(Yelin Kim),조성진(Sung-Jin Cho),황철수(Chul Sue Hwang) 대한지리학회 2017 대한지리학회지 Vol.52 No.5

이 연구는 근무유연제와 재택근무제의 확산에 따른 대기오염노출의 영향을 평가하기 위해 활동기반모형을 활용하였다. 점사상의 대기오염 배출원(PM10, NO2) 자료를 크리깅(Kriging)을 통해 서울시 전체를 포함하는 면사상의 자료로 변환하였고, 가구통행실태조사와 마이크로센서스를 활동기반모형(FEATHERS)에 적용하여 개인일과표를 추정하였다. 이후 기준시나리오(Business-As-Usual; BAU)에 기초해 2030년 연구지역에 거주하는 대상인구의 매시간대 활동장소에서의 대기오염노출 정도를 구하여 2010년과 비교하였다. 그리고 미래분석시점에서 근무유연제와 재택근무제 확산을 가정한 2가지 시나리오에 따라 각 인구집단별 대기오염노출의 시공간 패턴을 구했으며, 이를 기준시나리오(BAU)와 비교하여 새로운 근무제도의 시행에 따른 직장인들의 대기오염노출의 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 2030년의 대기오염노출 정도는 2010년과 비교해 전반적으로 증가하였고, 재택근무제 시나리오를 적용한 경우 대기오염노출은 전반적으로 감소함을 확인하였다. 이에 비해 유연근무제 시나리오를 적용한 대기오염노출은 오전시간대에서 감소하고 오후시간대에서 증가하며, 지역별로는 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 개인단위의 대기오염노출은 새로운 제도로 인한 근무시간·장소의 변화가 유발하는 개인일과활동의 재조정(최적화)으로 인해 일관된 변화양상을 파악하기 어려웠다. This study discusses the impact of flexible- and tele-working policy on individual’s air pollution exposure through a scenario analysis using activity-based model. To evaluate those policies’ effect, two inputs for the scenario analysis, air pollution emission and individual daily schedule data, were prepared by transforming point features of air pollution emission (raw data) to polygon features using Kriging and by applying household travel survey and micro-census to FEATHERS. First of all, the spatio-temporal pattern of air pollution exposure on BAU (Business-As-Usual) scenario in 2030 (the target year) was compared to that in 2010 (the base year) so as to investigate its spatio-temporal feature on the base scenario. The spatio-temporal trend of air pollution exposure on two scenarios with flexible (FLX) and teleworking (TELE) policy in 2030 were then investigated by comparing to those on the base scenario (BAU). The experimental results indicate that while the amount of air pollution exposure in 2030 (on BAU) is typically larger than that in 2010, TELE scenario shows a decreasing pattern compared to that on the BAU. On the contrary, FLX implies its various trend, increasing and decreasing, in the morning and the afternoon, respectively. Lastly, the micro-scale study shows that there is no consistent trend of change in air pollution exposure due to individual daily reschedule response to their work location and time altered by FLX and TELE.

종중(宗中)의 소송상(訴訟上)의 법적(法的) 지위(地位)에 관한 소고(小考)

최문기 ( Moon Ki Choi ) 경성대학교 법학연구소 2011 경성법학 Vol.20 No.2

The families of the same clan are groups composed for the protection of common ancestors` groves. memorial service of their ancestors, and cultivation of mutual friendship between the members of the families fo the same clan. Our country has no statutory norms about the families of the same clan, so has regulated them with conventional law. In the meantime, the Supreme Court has had the stance that the families of the same clan are spontaneous groups without any separate organizing act or rules, and they are naturally joined by majorities without any joining procedures. The theory of spontaneity like this has triggered a lot of legal disputes about the families of the same clan. First of all descendents of common ancestors become the members of the families of the same clans by all means without any separate joining procedures. so difficulty of grasping who the members of the families of the same clan are and where they live in convening the general meeting of the families of the same clan for their decision-making makes it hard to notify the call of the general meeting. It is also troubling to understand the scale and existence of the overall members of the families of the same clan in fixing quorum of conference and resolution to decide proceedings or elect a representative. Also whether a member is eligible can be certified only by a clan register, which is a private register, and extinguished or distorted a lot, so if its authenticity is in doubt, it is difficult to catch the descendent of common ancestors. Also up to recently, the qualification of the members of the families of the same clan are granted only to men of legal age, so it has been criticized as discrimination of women, and women`s qualification of the members of the families of the same clan was not accepted until the Supreme Court 2005.7.21. sentence 2002Da1178 Decision. However, the theory of spontaneity like this started on the distorted grasp of conventional practice to theory of spontaneity like this in the Japanese, has brought forth plenty of property disputes of the theory of spontaneity like this these days, so a new approach is necessary. Namely, the families of the same clan should be considered being constituted they have their rules or representatives through artificial organizing acts, and any descendent of common ancestors don`t become the members of the families of the same clan concurrently when they become adults, but need any separate joining procedures. Thus, women or daughters` grandchildren are qualified for the members of the families of the same clan. and become the members of the families of the same clan. And in case of distributing the property of the families of the same clan, it should be considered being allocated only to the members of the families of the same clan. This paper tries to suggest the way to solve these problems by examining theories and relevant precedents about Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person cases, especially the families of the same clan In this paper I have made clear the concept of the families of the same clan as Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person, meaning of collective ownership provisions and analogical application of entity with legal personality provisions to Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person. Though the families of the same clan as Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person has not legal capacity, he may have real eatate registered in his own name according to Regislation of Leal Estate Act. But most same clan have registered his real estate in the name of another person (so called ``title trust``) in the case of the same clan. And then, it examines a guaranty of payment by a representative of Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person for understanding the external relationship of this Non-Juristic Person. In connection with this problem, the Supreme Court of Korea 2007.4.19. sentence, 2004da60072, 60089 Decision narrowly interpreted the article 276(1), which requires of the general meeting resolution for act of management, disposition of object of collective ownership for protecting members who deal with Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person and safety of transaction. This ruling is also criticized that interpreting a guaranty of payment does not fit with collective ownership for promoting the safety of transaction is too much formal and the safety of transaction should be protected by restrictive interpretation of collective ownership through analogical application of entity with legal personality provisions. However, this critical opinion can not be accepted because this criticism is too far from the history and purpose of the article 276(1). This provision does not simply intend to restrict the power of representative. Rather, protection of a third party who transacts with Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person can be achieved by the literal and direct interpretation of the article 276(1) as in the Court decision. I don`t agree to the majority opinion of the Supreme Cout 2005.9.15. sentence, 2004da44971 Decision that act of preservation may not be done without quorum for resolution, I think that object of collective ownership may be preserved by each one having collective ownership. Currenty in Korea, Civil Act reforms are under way, and there are plans to make overall canges for the legal prwisions on Incorporated Body of Non-Juristic Person. I hope that Korean Civil Act regulations reforms for collective ownership will be made. From aspect of legislation, I think that we need to make provisions in Article 276(1) as follows: to add the provisio that object of collective ownership may be preserved by each one having collective ownership. And if there is a third person where right, and interests are infringed by the outcome of a litigation, the court, upon a request of party or the third person or ex officio, may by decision let the third person intervene in the litigation like a necessary co-litigation.