Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies of the Kwangsin Pb-Zn Deposit

최광준,윤성택,소칠섭,Choi, Kwang-Jun,Yun, Seong-Taek,So, Chil-Sup The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1997 자원환경지질 Vol.30 No.6

광신 연-아연 광산은 단층 열극을 충진한 열극 충진 광상으로서 조선계의 삼태산층과 시대미상의 서창리층에 발달된 석영과 탄산엽맥으로 이루어져 있다. 광화작용은 3회에 걸쳐 진행되었으며, 각 광화시기의 특징은 다음과 같다. 광화 I기=barren한 석영의 침전기, 광화 II기=석영과 능망간석에 수반된 연-아연 광물의 주 침전기, 광화 III기=barren한 방해석의 침전기. 특히, 연-아연 광물은 주로 광화 IIb기에 침전하였다. 유체포유물 연구에 의하면, 광화 IIb기 광화유체의 온도와 염농도는 $182^{\circ}{\sim}276^{\circ}C$와 2.7~5.4 wt. % NaCl 상당 염농도였으며, 연-아연 광물의 침전은 주로 비등작용과 더불어 후기의 천수 혼입작용에 기인하였음을 지시한다. 광화작용은 약 600~700 m의 심도에서 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. 섬아연석과 유비철석의 성분 함량을 이용하여 추정한 광화 IIb기의 황분압($log\;fs_2$)은 -15.5~11.8 atm이다. 황화물의 황동위원소 조성 (${\delta}^{34}S_{CDT}=9.0{\sim}14.5$ ‰)에 근거한 열수유체의 전(全) 황동위원소값 (${\delta}^{34}S_{{\Sigma}S}$)은 약 14 ‰로서 매우 높은데, 이는 심부 화성기원의 황이 퇴적암류내의 황산염과 다소 혼합 된 결과로 사료된다. 산소-수소 동위원소 분석 연구에 의하면, 광화유체는 낮은 수-암비 환경 하에서 주로 주변 모암인 삼태산층 (${\delta}^{18}O=20.1{\sim}24.9$ ‰)과 상당히 반응한 심부 순환 천수로부터 형성되었다. 한편, 광화유체의 산소동위원소값 (${\delta}^{18}O_{H2O}$)은 광화작용의 진행과 더불어 체계적으로 감소 (광화 I기, 14.6~10.1 ‰; 광화 IIa기, 5.8~2.2 ‰; 광화 IIb기, 0.8~-2.0 ‰; 광화 IIc기, -6.1~-6.8 ‰)하였다. 이는 열수계 내로의 천수 혼입이 시간 경과와 더불어 점진적으로 증가하였음을 지시한다. Lead and zinc mineralization of the Kwangsin mine was formed in quartz and carbonate veins that filled fault-related fractures in the limestone-rich Samtaesan Formation of the Chosun Supergroup and the phyllite-rich Suchangni Formation of unknown age. A K-Ar date of alteration sericite indicates that the Pb-Zn mineralization took place during Late Cretaceous (83.5 Ma), genetically in relation to the cooling of the nearby Muamsa Granite (83~87 Ma). Mineral paragenesis can be divided into three stages (I, II, III): (I) the deposition of barren massive white quartz, (II) the main Pb-Zn mineralization with deposition of white crystalline quartz and/or carbonates (rhodochrosite and dolomite), and (III) the deposition of post-ore barren calcite. Mineralogic and fluid inclusion data indicate that lead-zinc minerals in middle stage II (IIb) were deposited at temperatures between $182^{\circ}$ and $276^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities of 2.7 to 5.4 wt. % equiv. NaCl and with log $fs_2$ values of -15.5 to -11.8 atm. The relationship between homogenization temperature and salinity data indicates that lead-zinc deposition was a result of fluid boiling and later meteoric water mixing. Ore mineralization occurred at depths of about 600 to 700 m. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfide minerals (${\delta}^{34}S_{CDT}=9.0{\sim}14.5$ ‰) indicate a relatively high ${\delta}^{34}S_{{\Sigma}S}$ value of ore fluids (up to 14 ‰), likely indicating an igneous source of sulfur largely mixed with an isotopically heavier sulfur source (possibly sulfates in surrounding sedimentary rocks). There is a remarkable decrease of calculated ${\delta}^{18}O$ value of water in hydrothermal fluids with increasing paragenetic time: stage I, 14.6~10.1 ‰; stage IIa, 5.8~2.2 ‰; stage IIb, 0.8~2.0 ‰; stage IIc, -6.1~-6.8 ‰, This indicates a progressive increase of meteoric water influx in the hydrothermal system at Kwangsin. Measured and calculated hydrogen and oxygen isotope values indicate that the Kwangsin hydrothermal fluids was formed from a circulating (due to intrusion of the Muamsa Granite) meteoric waters which evolved through interaction mainly with the Samtaesan Formation (${\delta}^{18}O=20.1$ to 24.9 ‰) under low water/rock ratios.

제주도 권역별 농업용수 수요량 산정에 대한 고찰

최광준 ( Kwang Jun Choi ),송성호 ( Sung Ho Song ),김진성 ( Jin Sung Kim ),임찬우 ( Chan Woo Lim ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Over 96.2% of the agricultural water in Jeju Island is obtained from groundwater and there are quite distinct characteristics of agricultural water demand/supply spatially because of regional and seasonal differences in cropping system and rainfall amount. Land use for cultivating crops is expected to decrease 7.4% (4,215 ha) in 2020 compared to 2010, while market garden including various vegetable crop types having high water demand is increasing over the Island, especially western area having lower rainfall amount compared to southern area. On the other hand, land use for fruit including citrus and mandarin having low water demand is widely distributed over southern and northern part having higher rainfall amount. The agricultural water demand of 1,214×103 ㎥/day in 2020 is estimated about 1.39 times compared to groundwater supply capacity of 874×103㎥/day in 2010 with 42.4% of eastern, 103.1% of western, 61.9% of southern, and 77.0% of northern region. Moreover, net secured amount of agricultural groundwater would be expected to be much smaller due to regional disparity of water demand/supply, the lack of linkage system between the agricultural water supply facilities, and high percentage of private wells. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the total net secured amount of agricultural groundwater to overcome the expected regional discrepancy of water demand and supply by establishing policy alternative of regional water supply plan over the Island, including linkage system between wells, water tank enlargement, private wells maintenance and public wells development, and continuous enlargement of rainwater utilization facilities.

기후변화와 관련한 제주지역 농업용수의 효율적 활용 방안(I)

송성호,최광준,Song, Sung-Ho,Choi, Kwang-Jun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.2

Rainfall, on Jeju Island varies regionally in relation to Mt. Halla with higher rainfall within southern area and lower in western area, and its variability is expected to expand according to the climate change scenario. Non-parametric trend analysis for rainfall, using both historic (1971-2010) and simulated (2011-2100) data assuming the A1B emissions scenario, shows regionally increasing trends with time. In perspective of agricultural land use, area for market garden including various crop types with high water demand is increasing over the Island, especially in the western area with lower rainfall compared to southern area. On the other hand, area for fruit including mandarin and kiwi with low water demand is widely distributed over southern and northern part having higher rainfall. These regional disparity of water demand/supply may be more affected by extreme events such as drought and heavy rainfall that has not yet been considered. Therefore, it is necessary to make policies for water resource management considering both demand and supply in different regions with climate change impacts over Jeju Island.

농어촌지하수 관측망

이병선,김영인,최광준,송성호,김진호,우동광,설민구,박기연,Lee, Byung Sun,Kim, Young In,Choi, Kwang-Jun,Song, Sung-Ho,Kim, Jin Ho,Woo, Dong Kwang,Seol, Min Ku,Park, Ki Yeon 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.4

Rural groundwater monitoring network has been managed by Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) since 1998. The network consists of two kinds of subnetworks; rural groundwater management network (RGMN) and seawater intrusion monitoring network (SIMN). RGMN has been operated to promote a sound and sustainable development of rural groundwater within the concerned area for groundwater quality and quantity. SIMN has been operated to protect the crops against hazards by the saline water in coastal areas in which the shortage of irrigation water become a main problem for agriculture. Currently, a total of 283 monitoring wells has been installed; 147 wells in 79 municipalities for RGMN and 136 wells in 52 ones for SIMN, respectively. Two subnetworks commonly monitor three hydrophysical properties (groundwater level, temperature, and electric conductivity) every hour. Monitored data are automatically transferred to the management center located in KRC. Data are opened to the public throughout website named to be the Rural Groundwater Net (www.groundwater.or.kr). Annual reports involving well logging and hydrochemical data of RGMN and SIMN have been published and distributed to the rural water management office of each municipalities. In addition, anyone who concerns about RGMN an SIMN can freely download these reports throughout the Rural Groundwater Net as well.

시계열 자료를 이용한 제주도 지하수위의 지역별 특성 분석

송성호 ( Sung Ho Song ),최광준 ( Kwang Jun Choi ),김진성 ( Jin Sung Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Fluctuation patterns of groundwater level as a factor that reflects the characteristics of groundwater system can be categorized as the various types of aquifer with the time-series data. Time-series data on groundwater level obtained from 115 monitoring wells in Jeju Island were classified according to variation types, which were largely affected by rainfall(Dr), rainfall and pumping(Drp), and unknown cause(De). Analysis results indicate that 106 wells belong to Dr and Drp and the ratio of the wells with the wide range of fluctuation in the western and northern regions was higher than that in the eastern and southern regions. From the results that Drp is relatively higher than Dr in the western region which has the largest agricultural areas, groundwater level fluctuations may be affected significantly due to the intensive agricultural use. Non-parametric trend analysis results for 115 monitoring wells show that the increasing and decreasing trends as the ratio of groundwater levels were 14.8% and 22.6%, respectively, and groundwater levels revealed to be increased in the western, southern and northern regions excluding eastern region. Results of correlation analysis that cross-correlation coefficients and the time lags in the eastern and western regions are relatively high and short, respectively, indicate that the rainfall recharge effect in these regions is relatively larger due to the gentle slope of topography compared to that in the southern and northern regions.

수술전 다방면요법으로 절제가 가능했던 원발성 간암 2예

최흥재(Heung Jai Choi),한광협(Kwang Hyub Han),전재윤(Chae Yoon Chon),김원호(Won Ho Kim),송시영(Si Young Song),최광준(Kwang Jun Choe),성진실(Jin Sil Sung),박소연(So Yeon Park) 대한소화기학회 1991 대한소화기학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The resectability of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is very low, because of a high incidence of associated liver cirrhosis and/or the malignant nature of this tumor. Recently, various modalities of treatment including hepatic artery ligation, hepatic artery embolization, infusion of chemotherapeutic agents or I-lipiodol into hepatic artery, external radiation and hyperthermia have been tried for unresectable HCC. We report 2 cases of 64-year-old male and 56-year-old female patients with unresectable primary HCC which became resectable after treatment with external radiation and hyperthermia. Their postoperative course was good without the evidence of recurrence over 1 year.

The Geochemistry of Copper-bearing Hydrothermal Vein Deposits in Goseong Mining District (Samsan Area), Gyeongsang Basin, Korea

최상훈,소칠섭,권순학,최광준,Choi, Sang Hoon,So, Chil Sup,Kweon, Soon Hag,Choi, Kwang Jun The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1994 자원환경지질 Vol.27 No.2

경상분지 백악기 퇴적암류와 화산암류내 열극을 충진한 열수 맥상광체들로 구성된 삼산지역 동광상들은 구조운동에 수반되어 2회에 걸쳐 형성된 석영 및 방해석맥들로 구성된다. 변질대에 산출되는 견운모에 대한 K-Ar 연령은 약 82Ma로서, 지역주변에 암주상으로 산출되는 화강섬록암의 관입활동 등 후기 백악기 화성활동과 관련된 것임을 지시한다. 주 광화시기인 광화 I기 석영맥내에는 황철석, 유비철석, 황동석, 섬아연석, 방연석, 적철석 및 Pb-Bi-Ag-Sb계 유염광물등의 광석광물들이 녹렴석, 녹니석 등의 맥석광물들과 함께 산출되며, 광화 I기는 광물들의 산출조직과 공생관계 등에 의하여 3개의 substage (early, main, late)로 구분된다. 본역내 광상들에서의 주된 동광화작용은 약 12~3wt. % NaCl 상당 염농도를 갖는 광화유체로 부터 약 $330^{\circ}C$에서 약 $280^{\circ}C$ 에 걸쳐 진행되었으며, 초기 광화유체의 비등현상으로부터 ${\leq}100{\sim}200bar$의 광화작용시 압력이 확인된다. 주광화시기인 광화 I기중 광화유체의 ${\delta}^{34}S_{H_2S}$값이 초기 8‰에서 후기 2.3‰로 점차 감소함은 광화유체의 비등과 천수혼입에 수반되어 산소분압이 점진적으로 증가한 결과로 해석된다. 유체내 산소 및 수소 안정동위원소 연구결과, 이들 동위원소 값이 광화작용의 진행과 함께 점차 감소함은 상대적으로 낮은 water/rock 비값을 갖는 환경하에서 동위원소 교환반응을 이뤄 평행상태에 이른 광화초기 열수계내에 광화작용의 진행과 함께 산화상태의 차갑고 동위원소적 교환반응이 거의 이뤄지지 않은 천수의 혼입이 점증 하였음을 지시한다. Copper-bearing hydrothermal vein mineralization of the Samsan area was deposited in two stages (I and II) of quartz-calcite-sulfide veins which fill fissures in Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Gyeongsang basin. The major ore minerals, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, together with pyrite, galena, hematite, and minor sulfosalts, occur with epidote and chlorite as gangue minerals in stage I quartz veins. Chlorite geothermometry, fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that copper ore was deposited mainly at temperatures between $330^{\circ}C$ and $280^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities between 12 and 3 equiv. wt % NaCl. Evidence of fluid boiling indicates a range of pressures from ${\leq}100$ to 200 bars bars. Within ore stage I there was an apparent decrease in ${\delta}^{34}S$ values of $H_{2}S$ with paragenetic time, from 8.0 to 2.3 per mil. This pattern was likely achieved through progressive increases in activity of oxygen accompanying boiling and mixing. In the early part of the first stage, the high temperature, high salinity fluids gave way to progressively cooler and more dilute fluids of the late parts in the first stage and of the second stage. There is a systematic decrease in calculated ${\delta}^{18}O_{water}$ values with decreasing temperature in the Samsan hydrothermal system, from values of -86 per mil for early portion of stage I through -5.9 per mil for late portion of stage I to -6.3 per mil for stage II. The ${\delta}D$ values of fluid inclusion waters also decrease with paragenetic time from -76 per mil to -86 per mil. These trends combined with mineral paragenesis and fluid inclusion data are interpreted to indicate progressive cooler, more oxidizing meteoric water inundation of an early exchanged meteoric hydrothermal system.

CASE 도구의 정보저장소로서의 IRDS 활용

이혜란(Heran Lee),최광준(Kwang-Jun Choi),진성일(Seong-Il Jin),김창갑(Chang-Gab Kim),신규상(Kyu-Sang Shin) 한국정보과학회 1994 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.2B

최근 CASE도구의 통합방법의 하나로서 공통된 정보저장소(Repository)를 두어서 여러 도구들이 생성하고 사용하는 정보를 일괄 관리할 뿐 아니라 소프트웨어 생명주기 전체를 지원할 수 있도록 각 도구간의 유기적 결합을 유도하고 있다. CASE 정보저장소는 각 도구간의 정보를 공유할 수 있게 함은 물론 저장정보의 형태와 의미, 그 운용 방법 등에 관한 공통된 틈을 제공하는 메타모델을 지원한다. 정보저장소간의 정보 교환뿐 아니라 CASE 도구간의 통합을 가능하게 하기 위하여 정보저장소의 표준화가 중요하며, IRDS(Information Resource Dictionary System)는 이러한 표준화 노력의 하나로서 메타모델의 확장 및 전체 생명주기 지원기능, 시스템간의 메타데이타의 교환을 가능케한다. 본 논문에서는 CASE 정보저장소로서 IRDS의 활용 가능성을 보이기 위해 구조적 방법론에 근거한 시스템 요구분석 단계를 중심으로 정보저장소의 메타모델을 IRDS 모델링 기능을 이용하여 정의하고, 실제 저장정보의 예로서 요구 분석단계의 산출들인 자료흐름(DFD)를 가지고 적용해 보인다. 끝으로 CASE 도구와 IRDS의 인터페이스를 위해 구조적 분석 지원도구인 'START(STructured Analysis and Reporting Tool)'에서 지원하는 요구명세 편집기능이 IRDS명령어로 어떻게 전환될 수 있는가를 보인다.

구두발표 : 2013년 제주도 여름가뭄이 지하수계에 미치는 영향 분석 -권역별 관측망 자료를 중심으로-

송성호 ( Sung Ho Song ),최광준 ( Kwang Jun Choi ),김진성 ( Jin Sung Kim ),엄재연 ( Jae Yeon Um ),이동림 ( Dong Rim Lee ),전병칠 ( Byung Chil Jeon ),서구원 ( Gu Won Seo ) 대한지질공학회 2013 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2013 No.1

미래 기후변화에 따른 제주도의 사면과 해발고도별 가뭄 예측

박종철 ( Jong Chul Park ),최광준 ( Kwang Jun Choi ),송성호 ( Sung Ho Song ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and temperature occur with regard to aspect and elevation of Mt. Halla in Jeju Island. Therefore, there is a need to predict regional drought associate with them to mitigate of impacts of drought. In this study, regional drought is predicted based on Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) using future (2015~2044) climate change scenario RCP (representative concentration pathways) 4.5 classified as 24 regions according to aspect and elevation. The results show that number and duration of drought will be decrease in Jeju Island. However, severity of severe drought will be increase in western and northern aspect with under 200 meters above mean sea level. These findings provide primary information for developing the proactive strategies to mitigate impacts of drought by future climate change in Jeju Island.