질소 분리용 막을 이용한 매립가스내 메탄 회수 연구

천승규(Seung Kyu Chun) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.8

정제 질소가스 생산용 기체 분리막을 매립가스의 CH₄ 순도를 높이는데 활용하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 1단과 2단 분리막 모듈의 면적비는 1:6인 경우가 CH₄ 회수를 위해서 적절하였다. 분리막 장치 설치 후 총 249회에 걸쳐 실험을 하였으며, 투과율은 평균 CH₄ 28.4%, CO₂ 94.3%로서, 매립가스로부터 CH₄를 회수하는데 N2 분리막의 사용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만, N2 투과율 역시 16.5%에 불과하였으며, 이에 따라 최종 정제된 LFG의 농도는 CH₄ 69.7%, CO₂ 4.3%, N2 26.0%이었다. 따라서 CH₄의 순도를 높이기 위해서는 매립장내 외기유입 억제를 통해 N2 농도를 적어도 2.0% 이내로 제한할 필요가 있었다. This experiment was performed to enhance CH₄ purity of landfill gas by applying gas separator membrane for purified nitrogen gas production. 1:6 area ratios of 1st to 2nd membrane module was suitable for CH₄ recovery. After separation membrane system was installed, 249 tries were performed. Average permeability for CH₄ was 28.4% and for CO₂ was 94.3%. This can explain nitrogen gas separator membrane can be applied to collect CH₄ from LFG. However, nitrogen permeability only reached up to 16.5%. Therefore, the final purified landfill gas concentration was rounded up to 69.7% for CH₄, 4.3% for CO₂ and 26.0% for N2. For the high degree of CH₄ purity, N2 should be kept at least under 2.0% by controlling air inflow to landfill.

폐기물 에너지화가 수도권매립지 매립가스 발생량에 미치는 영향

천승규(Seung Kyu Chun) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.10

폐기물을 활용한 고형연료생산 등 에너지화가 매립가스 발생량에 미치는 영향을 예측하기 위하여 2017년부터 2024년까지 수도권매립지 제3매립장을 대상으로 반입폐기물의 에너지화 방법별 CH₄ 발생량의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석결과 수도권매립지 제3매립장으로 반입되는 폐기물을 종래와 같이 전량 매립하는 경우 2017년부터 2024년 사이에 예상되는 CH₄ 발생량은 생활계 폐기물 337×10(6) Nm3, 건설폐기물 178×10(6) Nm3, 배출시설계 폐기물 11×10(6) Nm3 등 총 527×10(6) Nm3으로 예상되었다. 이는 2002년부터 2009년까지 같은 기간 동안 제2매립장에서 발생된 CH₄ 발생량의 41.5% 수준이었다. 또한, 생활계 폐기물과 건설폐기물을 MT (Mechanical Treatment)방식으로 고형연료를 생산한 뒤 그 잔재물을 모두 매립할 경우 CH₄ 발생량은 생활계 폐기물 127×10(6) Nm3, 건설폐기물 28×10(6) Nm3, 배출시설계 폐기물 4×10(6) Nm3 등 총 158×10(6) Nm3로 예상되었다. 한편, 생활계 폐기물을 MT방식으로 처리 후 발생되는 유기성 혼합잔재물을 생물학적으로 처리하여 자원화하는 MBT (Mechanical & Biological Treatment)방식을 도입할 경우 같은 기간 중 총 CH₄ 발생량은 115×10(6) Nm3로 예상되었다. 이는 단순 매립방식의 21.8% 수준이었으며 2002년부터 2009년 사이의 발생량과 비교하면 9.1%에 불과하였다. 본 연구를 통해 폐기물 에너지화에 의해 매립지에서의 CH₄ 발생량이 큰 영향을 받게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 매립가스를 활용한 에너지사업 계획시 합리적 규모설정과, 소량발생 매립가스의 에너지화 기술에 대한 연구와 투자 등 사전대비가 필요하다고 판단된다. To predict the potential reduction of CH₄ by recovering several types of wastes as of reusable energy sources like RDF, the CH₄ emission for each type of waste from Landfill Site 3 of SUDOKWON Landfill was estimated for the period of 2017 to 2024. Without any recovering effort on types of wastes being disposed of at the Landfill, there are producing a total of 526×10(6) Nm3 of CH₄; municipal waste of 337×10(6) Nm3, construction waste of 178×10(6) Nm3, and facility waste of 11×10(6) Nm3. It composed of 41.5% to that observed from 2002 to 2009. With properly retrieved by MT(Mechanical Treatment), it released a total of 158×10(6) Nm3 CH₄; 127×10(6) Nm3, 28×10(6) Nm3, and 4×10(6) Nm3, respectively. Additionally, when biologically degradable residues can be fully treated by MBT (Mechanical & Biological Treatment) system, the total amount of CH₄ emitted from the site will be lowered down as low as 115×10(6) Nm3, which is comparably lower showing only 21.8% to that for without any energy recovery practice. Futhermore, it is far less showing 9.1% to that obtained from 2002 to 2009. It can be decided that predictable amount of CH₄ emission reduced could be successfully accomplished and enhanced through ways of energy recovery efforts such as further scale adjustment of LFG treatment capacity in association with currently implemented practices in the landfill site.

하천구간 및 배수구역 특성을 고려한 금강수계 오염총량관리제 시행방안 연구

천승규(Seung Kyu Chun),조희찬(Hee Chan Cho),이광수(Kwang Su Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2001 대한환경공학회지 Vol.23 No.5

매립가스 발전시설의 가동률 및 발전량에 미치는 주요 영향요소 분석

천승규(Seung Kyu Chun) 大韓環境工學會 2016 대한환경공학회지 Vol.38 No.3

S 매립장 매립가스 발전시설을 대상으로 발전량에 미치는 주요 요소와 그 영향도를 분석하였다. 50 MWh 24시간의 정상가동 일수는 2007년부터 2014년까지의 총 운전기간 일수대비 70.9%이었으며, 실제 생산한 전력은 이론적인 최대 발전 가능량 3,428,400 MW의 79.3%이었다. 발전효율에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소는 정기점검 등이 44.0%, 황화수소로 인한 감축운전이 37.4% 그리고 공기예열기 세정 18.6% 순이었다. 그러나 황화수소 감축운전 기간이 2년인 점을 감안하면 고농도 황화수소 발생이 매립가스 발전에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있었다. 장기적인 발전 가능량 분석결과 매립종료 해인 2018년 35.9 MWh이었으며 이후 지속적으로 감소하여 2028년 16.6 MWh, 2038년에는 8.4 MWh 이하가 될 것으로 예측되었다. An analysis of the main factors and its degree of impact on power production is performed against the landfill gas power plant in S landfill site. The number of normal operation (50 MWh & 24 hr) days was 70.9% to the total number of operation days from 2007 to 2014, and the percentage of the actual power production was 79.3% of 3,428,400 MW which is the theoretical maximum estimation. The ratio of factors that accounted for the efficiency of power production are: 44.0% of repairing of the defect and regular servicing, 37.4% of cut-down operation due to hydrogen sulfide, and 18.6% of air pre-heater washing, respectively. Yet, considering that the cut-down operation due to hydrogen sulfide was carried out for only two years, the high concentration of hydrogen sulfide was the most influential factors on landfill gas power production. The long-term power production was analyzed as 35.9 MWh in 2018, and the constant drop is anticipated, resulting in 16.6 MWh by 2028, and under 8.4 MWh in 2038.

오염총량 개념을 적용한 매립장 사후관리종료제도 개선 방안

천승규(Seung-Kyu Chun),심낙종(Nak-Jong Sim),전은정(Eun-Jeong Jeon),류돈식(Don-Sik Ryu) 한국지반환경공학회 2021 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.2

오염총량 개념을 반영한 매립장 사후관리종료제도 개선방안을 수도권매립지 제1매립장을 대상으로 적용하여 분석하였다. 매립가스 모델을 통해 분석한 메탄 잔여비율은 총 발생 가능량인 2,521×10<SUP>6</SUP> Nm³에 대하여 2020년 8.8%, 2030년 7.0%, 2040년 6.5%이었다. 2020년 이후의 표면발산 메탄량에 2005~2019년의 평균 산화율 89.1%를 적용할 경우, 실제 배출기준 메탄 잔여율은 2020년 1.01%, 2030년 0.76%, 2040년 0.70%로서 2025년 이후 메탄이 전량 표면 발산되어도 2019년 기준 표면 발산량보다 적어 사후관리 종료가 가능하였다. 침출수 수질에 대한 추이분석 결과, BOD는 2024년, COD 2047년, T-N은 2117년경에 배출허용기준을 만족할 수 있을 것으로 추정되었다. 사후관리종료를 배출부하량을 기준으로 변경할 경우 BOD는 현 시점에서 그리고 COD도 수년 내 사후관리종료가 가능하나, T-N의 경우 2041년 이후에나 가능하여 근본적인 관리방식의 전환이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. A method of improving the post-management end system of a landfill that reflected total pollutant load was applied to the SUDOKWON 1st Landfill Site. Modeling results showed that the ratio of remaining methane, when compared to the total maximum potential of 2,521 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> Nm³, was estimated to be 8.8% in 2020, 7.0% in 2030, and 6.5% in 2040. If the average oxidation rate of 89.1% in 2005-2019 was applied, the ratio decreased by 1.01% in 2020, 0.76% in 2030, and 0.70% in 2040. This suggests that if the amount of methane generated is all emitted from the surface of the landfill after 2025, the real amount emitted to the atmosphere is less than that in 2019; therefore, the post-management end is possible. According to the results of trend analysis of the quality of leachate water, effluent criteria for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) can be satisfied in 2024, while those for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Nitrogen (T-N) can be satisfied in 2047 and 2117, respectively. If the post-management end system changed based on total pollutant load, the post-management can be terminated BOD today and COD within a few years; however, the fact that T-N could be terminated only after 2041 shows the need to fundamentally change management methods.

한국에서의 원격탐사와 생태계 관리

김대선,유철상,천승규 ( Dae Seon Kim,Cheol Sang Ryu,Seung Kyu Chun ) 한국환경영향평가학회 1994 환경영향평가 Vol.3 No.1

A Nationwide survey of ecosystem in the Republic of Korea was accomplished from 1986 to 1990 and in that survey, GIS and remote sensong were used partially. This was done by the Ministry of Environment(MOE), which introduced remote sensing and GIS for environment management in late 1980`s. Especially the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) are under the research on systematization of environmental information with an ultimate goal of application of GIS and remote sensing to environmental impact assessment. Although the Korean peninsula is in a non-tropical zone, we introduce two case studies on remote sensing applications to ecosystem managements in the Republic of Korea. One is a study on change detection in urban vegetation of Seoul with Landsat data and the other is a study on detection of insect damaged pine tree area using Landsat TM data. The techniques involved and the concl ision from these studies were relevant to vegetation studies in tropical ecosystem.

재순환수 주입에 따른 매립장 함수율 변화특성 분석

김영규,최원영,천승규,Kim, Young-Kyu,Choi, Won-Young,Chun, Seung-Kyu 한국지하수토양환경학회 2021 지하수토양환경 Vol.26 No.5

Analysis of the change in water content and distribution was conducted according to the supply of recirculation water to a landfill. An excavation sample analysis showed that the recirculation water injection zone had water content 8.8% point higher than that of the non-injection zone, after 8 months of operation. And due to the influence of recirculation water supply by vertical wells in injection zones, the water content increases along with depth more clearly than non-injection zone. According to an electrical specific-resistivity survey after 13 months of operation, the water content got higher towards the bottom of the landfill. The water transmission coefficient is 8.72×10^-4 cm/sec for injection zones and 3.36×10^-5 cm/sec for the intermediate cover layer; analysis shows that the intermediate cover layer may affect the penetration velocity of water supplied by the horizontal injection tube. For the scientific design and operation of re-injection facilities, it was deemed necessary to follow-up research on the residence time and behavior of re-injection water considering the ratio of recirculation water supply in horizontal and vertical tubes, and pitcher coefficient of intermediate and waste layers.

바나듐 레독스 흐름전지의 양극반응 활성화를 위한 다공성 탄소 촉매의 적용

정상현(Sanghyun Jeong),천승규(Seung-Kyu Chun),이진우(Jinwoo Lee),권용재(Yongchai Kwon) 한국에너지학회 2014 에너지공학 Vol.23 No.3

음식물류 폐수를 이용한 바이오가스 생산시설의 스케일 형성요인에 관한 연구

배영신(Young Shin Bae),천승규(Seung Kyu Chun) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.9

소화설비내 스케일 형성의 주요 원인을 파악하기 위하여 스케일 성분분석 및 음식물류 폐수에 대한 혐기소화 실험을 하였다. 성분분석결과, 음식물류 폐수 중 유분이 스케일의 유기성분과 밀접한 연관이 있었다. 또한, 소화실험시 소화조내 결정체의 발생량은 음식물류 폐수중 유분을 사전에 제거한 경우가 제거하지 않은 원수를 소화한 경우의 58.9% 수준으로 나타나 유분이 스케일 형성의 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 아울러, 유분을 제거한 음식물류 폐수는 68.7 L-gas/kg-COD 그리고 음식물류 폐수 원수는 67.7 L-gas/kg-COD로서 유분의 사전제거가 소화가스 생산에 부정적 영향을 주지 않았다. To find out the major cause of scale formation in digestion facility, a componential analysis of scale and a digestion experiment for food wastewater were conducted. The analysis indicated that grease in food wastewater was closely connected to the organic component of scale. It is also indicated that grease-removed food wastewater showed 58.9% level compared to unprocessed one in crystal generation quantity in this study. The experiment provided insight that grease is one of the important causes of scale formation. Additionally, pre-removal of grease from food wastewater did not show negative effect on digestion gas production, as 68.7 L-gas/kg-COD for grease-removed food wastewater and 67.7 L-gas/kg-COD for unprocessed one.

건설폐기물 분리매립 및 생활폐기물과의 혼합매립에 의한 매립가스 발생 특성

박종근(Jong-Keun Park),천승규(Seung-Kyu Chun) 한국신재생에너지학회 2022 신재생에너지 Vol.18 No.4

Landfill gas (LFG) generation characteristics in a construction waste landfill zone (block E) and mixed landfill zone(block A) were analyzed. During the period from October 2018 to April 2022, a total of 936×10³ and 1,001×10³ tons of waste were disposed in block E and block A, respectively. Out of this, 27.1% and 55.6% were biodegradable waste in block E and block A, respectively. The landfill masses of the two blocks were converted to be comparable. Then, the biodegradable waste and organic carbon were estimated by element analysis, biodegradable carbon by biochemical methane potential experiment (DC), and sulfate ion by acid decomposition. Results showed that biodegradable waste, organic carbon, biodegradable carbon, and sulfate ions in block A were 2.1, 1.6, 5.2, and 0.4 times greater than those in block E, respectively. The amount of LFG generated by block A was 4.8 times greater than that by block E. The average concentrations of methane (CH₄) were 60.8% and 60.9% in block E and block A, respectively, which were unrelated to the nature of disposed waste. The average concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) were significantly high in block E (4,489 ppm) and block A (8,478 ppm). As the DC/SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> of block E and block A were 0.35 and 4.56, respectively, increase in DC/SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> caused increase in not only the total amount but also the concentration of H₂S generated.