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崔孝,蔡鐘德,崔俊 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1996 東海岸硏究 Vol.7 No.1
1911年 1月 1日부터 1993年 12月 31日까지 江陵 地域에서 나타난 氣象 特異 現象이 調査되었다. 日最高氣溫과 日最低氣溫은 1924年 7月 25日 39.40℃ 와 1915年 1月 13日에 -20.20℃였다. 日最低濕度가 1994年 1月 27日 3%와 月最低濕度는 1月에 52%가 나타났다. 瞬間最大風涑이 1983年 4月 27日에 41.6m/s의 매우 强한 突風이 記錄되었고, 日最大風速은 1958年 1月 15日에 36.7m/s을 나타내었다. 春季에는 襄杆之風이라는 强風이 出現하는데 3月과 4月에 35m/s 以上의 크기를 갖는다. 日最大降水量은 1921年 9月 24日에 305.5mm였으나 6月에서 9月까지 많은 量의 降水가 集中的으로 일어났다. 最深新積雪量은 1990年 1月 31日에 69.7cm 였으나, 12月과 2月에도 60.8cm와 67.2cm를 보이므로 12月에서 2月 사이에 높은 數値를 보인다. 降雪은 一般的으로 11月에서 4月까지 이루워지며, 降雪日數가 2月에 月平均 6.3日로 最大로 나타나고 있다. 江陵 地域의 降雪은 때때로 西風系에서 形成되기도 하지만, 주로 北東風 下에서 東海로부터 流入된 濕氣가 많은 空氣가 江陵을 거쳐 西側의 大關嶺으로 强制 上昇되면서 冷却되어 많은 降雪이 招來된다. 相(서리)가 나타나는 日數의 月平均 3月에 4.4日로 12月, 1月, 2月보다 越等히 많다. 그 理由는 夜間에 强風이 높은 傾斜를 갖는 大關嶺을 넘으면서 强한 下降氣流로 바뀌게 되어 上層의 매우 寒冷한 空氣가 地表로 下降하면서 地表 附近의 空氣를 冷却시켜 3月에 서리가 자주 發生하게 된다. 結氷日數는 平均氣溫이 가장 낮은 1月에 27.6日로 가장 높게 나타난다. 雨雹 出現의 月平均은 3月에 0.3日의 最大頻度를 나타내고 있으며, 3月에 江陵 地域에 부는 强한 西風이 大關嶺을 넘어면서 매우 大氣를 不安定하게 하여 上層의 구름 속에서 冷却된 氷晶이 地表로 下降하면서 雨雹을 形成한다. 주로 移流霧와 滑昇霧인 沿岸霧의 出現은 7月에 月平均 最大値가 3.5日이었다.黃沙現象은 中國에서 4月 初에 이루워지며, 江陵에서 月平均 最大頻度는 0.8日이었다. 그러나 近來에는 黃沙의 長距離 輸送에 依해 3日程度 視界의 不良이 發見되었다. 雷電은 6月에서 8月사이 降水量이 많을 때인 7月에 月平均 最大出現이 2.7日이었다. Particular meteorological phenomena observed at Kangnung city for 83 years from January 1, 1911 through December 31, 1993 were investigated. Daily maximum and minimum air temperatures were in the range of 39.4℃ on July 25, 1942 to -20.2℃ on January 13, 1915, respectively. Daily and monthly minimum relative humidities were 3% on January 27, 1944, and 52% in January. Instantaneous maximum wind speed was recorded with a magnitude of 41.6m/s as gust, on April 27, 1983, and daily maximum one was 36.7m/s on January 15, 1958. Strong winds called Yang-Kan- Chi-Pung appear in spring and had magnitudes over 35m/s in March and April. Although daily maximum rainfall amount was 305.5mm on September 24, 1921, a great amount of rainfall concentrically took a place in the Kangnung area from June through September. Maximum depth of accumulated new snow was 69.7cm on January 31, 1990, but as accumulated ones in December and February were also detected with depth of 60.8cm and 67.2cm, they were in the high magnitudes from December through February. Snowfall generally occurred from November through April and the maximum number of snowfall days was 6.3 as a monthly mean February. The snowfalls occasionally occurred under westerly winds, but mainly, heavy snowfalls were produced by cooling of humid air intruded from the East Sea through Kangnung, forcibly rising over Mt. Taegwallyung in the west, under north-easterly winds. Monthly mean of frostfall days had a maximum magnitude of 4.4 days in March and it was much greater than those in December, January and February. The frequent presence of frost happen to be in March, since the strong winds at night flowed over high steep Taegwallyung mountain and they became strong downslope winds, resulting in the cooling of air near the ground surface by downward motion of very cold air from the upper layer toward the ground. Maximum number of ice formation days showed 27.6 in January, when the monthly averaged minimum air temperature was observed. Monthly mean of hailfall occurrence had a maximum frequency of 0.3 day in March, and similary to the frost, as the strong winds rising over Mt. Taegwallyung induced very unstable condition of air near the mountain, ice crystals in the cloud of upper atmosphere came down to the ground, enhancing the formation of hails. Monthly averaged maximum occurrence of coastal fogs, which were generally advection and upslope fogs, had 3.5 days. As Yellow- sandy event is generated in China in the early April, its monthly averaged maximum frequency at Kangnung was also 0.8 day in April, but recently, about 3 days of bad visibility have been often detected at the city due to its long range transport. Thunder and lightening had monthly mean maximum occurrence of 2.7days in July, when the rainfall amounts showed high values from June through August.
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