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The effect of 2,6-pyridinedimethanol applied on behalf of ZnO to inverted organic solar cells
진호철,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
Until now, many researchers have proved that decreasing a Schottky barrier can be a way to improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. 2,6-pyridinedimethanol (2,6-PydiOH) is applied to inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) based on the configuration with ITO / 2,6-PydiOH / PTB7:PC71BM / MoO3 / Ag to decreasing the Schottky barrier. A thin layer of the 2,6-PydiOH induces an interface dipole on the ITO layer. The PCE of the devices the 2,6-PydiOH is applied achieved 7.44% with a short circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of 14.65 mA/㎠, an open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 0.71 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 67.9%, respectively. It is noteworthy that the PCE for devices with the 2,6-PydiOH has a value similar to those with ZnO. It is possible to fabricate the high efficiency iOSCs without any thermal annealing over 150°C.
진호철,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),손동환,김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
The efficiency of devices is essential prerequisite for the energy industry. For high efficiency, it is important to decrease the interfacial resistance of the device composed of multi-layers. This can be easily achieved by inserting new electrolyte between the photoactive layer and electrode. We designed new electrolyte, named 2,2’-(ethane-1,2- diylbis(oxy))bis(N,N,N-trimethylethananminium) benzenesulfonate (TEG-2OTs), inserted as a thin layer. The result obviously showed the correlation between device efficiency and the decreasing of a Schottky barrier, where the Schottky barrier was induced from the difference between acceptor material’s LUMO and electrode (the difference without electrolyte 0.34, with eletrolyte 0.01). The decreasing of the Schottky barrier originated from the induced-dipole at the cathode interface from the electrolyte which lead to the well matched efficiency of the devices (PCEs of 7.48% and 7.78%, respectively).
진호철,김동근,( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
Two easily accessible fluorene-substituted conjugated oligo-electrolytes (COEs), FTF- and FBF-NBr, have been developed as the electron transfer layers (ETLs) in inverted type organic solar cells (iOSCs). The iOSCs with ETLs show to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and time-dependent stability of the cell that utilizes a high work function cathode. FBF- and FTF-NBr significantly improve the device parameters compared to the reference solar cells without ETLs, as reduce the work function of indium thin oxide (ITO). In this work, COEs have low HOMO levels -5.54 eV and -5.77 eV for FTF-NBr and FBF-NBr in order, which are favorable to hole-blocking ability. In order to investigate the effect of ETL on the photovoltaic properties, the iOSCs with FBF- and FTF-NBr as the interlayer at the cathode side were fabricated. As a result, the PCE of 7.89% with FBF-NBr and 8.05% with FTF-NBr as the ETL has been achieved.
Self-Assembled Monolayer Treated ZnO by Benzoic Acid Derivatives in Organic Solar Cells
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김동근,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecule derivatives from benzoic acid, such as 4-methoxybenzoic acid (MBA), 4-tertbutylbenzoic acid (BBA), and 4-fluorobenzoic acid (FBA), have different dipole orientation and magnitude. In this study, these benzoic acid derivatives were used as an electron injection/transporting layer in inverted type organic solar cells (OSCs) with a structure of ITO/SAM treated ZnO/active layer (P3HT:PC<sub>61</sub>BM)/MoO<sub>3</sub>/Ag, and then the performances of each are compared. The results showed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the open circuit voltage (Voc) values of the devices based on ZnO/MBA and ZnO/BBA treated ZnO showed better performances than other devices. This can be caused by the direction of dipole moment of benzoic acid derivatives. Accordingly, this work provides an alternative strategy to improve the interface property between inorganic and organic materials in organic electronic devices by SAM treatment on the ZnO surface
A-D-A Small Molecule Donor based on Benzodithiophene and its Application in Organic Solar Cells
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),이준호,정미진 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
An acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) small molecule donor, named (BDT-HTOX), was synthesized for the application in organic solar cells (OSCs). Benzodithiophene (BDT) was used as central donor (D) unit and phenylisoxazol (OX) as acceptor (A) unit. Hexylthiophene (HT) ring as a π-bridge to extend the effective conjugation length and increase the solubility of the material. The HUMO/LUMO energy level of BDT-HTOX were -3.72eV/-5.44 eV with an optical band gap of 1.72 eV. The devices based on BDT-HTOX/PC71BM = 1:1 in chlorobenzene as a solvent for solution processed organic solar cells showed the best performance with maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 0.80%, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of -3.26 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.88 V, and fill factor (FF) of 27.9%.
Ratna Dewi Maduwu,진호철,김주현 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.12
A series of non-fullerene small molecules (BT-T-IDC and BT-T-tB-IDC) with the architecture of A1-π-A2-π-A1 (acceptor 1-π-acceptor 2-π-acceptor 1), electron- deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) used as the core (A2), electron-rich thiophene used as the π-bridge (π), and electron-deficient dicyanovinylindandione (IDC) or tbutyl substituted IDC used as end groups (A1), have been synthesized. IDC groups are widely used as the acceptor unit due to the strong electron-withdrawing property that can lead to deep LUMO energy levels. Materials showed good thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature (Td) upon 310 °C at 5 wt% loss. BT-T-tB-IDC showed better solubility in chloroform and chlorobenzene than that of BT-T-IDC due to t-butyl groups on the IDC. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of BT-T-IDC and BT-T-tB-IDC were -5.60/-3.90 and -5.71/ -3.87 eV, respectively. Organic solar cell based on PBDBT-T (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis (5-(2-ethylhexyl) thiophen-2-yl)-benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b’] dithiophene))- alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’] dithiophene-4,8-dione))])) as the donor and BT-T-IDC as the acceptor showed low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.06% due to poor solubility. However, the PCE of the device based on BTT- tB-IDC showed a better PCE of 1.55%.
진호철,김주현,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ) 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
For high-efficiency organic solar cells, it is a required condition that photogenerated electrons move smoothly to the cathode. This can be achieved by introducing electrolytes into the cathode buffer layer (CBL). Using structural flexibility of organic electrolytes, we investigated the alkyl chain length’s effect about the solar cell efficiency based on fixed core structure, alkyl-quaternized bipyridine with tosylate. The organic electrolytes were named V-C4-OTs, V-C6-OTs, and V-C12-OTs, respectively. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) and incident photonto- electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) were investigated with the device structure of ITO/ZnO/CBL/Aactive/MoO<sub>3</sub>/Ag. Work function was also investigated using Kelvin probe microscopy (KPM) measurements. The improved PCE and IPCE were induced by enhancement of the photogenerated current density, which be matched with decrease of a Schottky barrier well.
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김동근,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
Polymer solar cells have several attractive features. The active materials used for fabrication devices in PSCs are soluble in most of common organic solvents, have potentials to be flexible and manufactured in a continuous printing process. In PSCs, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are generally used for introducing interfacial dipole, and many studies focus on the modulation of interfacial dipoles by altering the side chain through the delicate design to improve their functions. The interfacial dipole between photoactive layer and electrode play an important role in modification of work function and hole blocking ability. Herein, two CPEs, PHPT and PcoPT, which have different side chains and their salts were polymerized to compare the effect of conformation, and then fabricated for polymer solar cells (PSCs).
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),진호철,김동근,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
A planar acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structured organic molecule, (BDT-HTOX), was designed and synthesized for the application as donor material in inverted type organic solar cells (OSCs). Benzodithiophene (BDT) was used as central donor (D) unit and phenylisoxazol (OX) as acceptor (A) unit, while hexylthiophene (HT) ring as a bridge to extend the effective conjugation length and increase the solubility of the material. For devices, PC71BM is employing as the electron acceptor unit. Herein, the optoelectronic properties of BDTHTOX as well as the devices performances had been investigated. UV-Vis absorption and electrochemical measurements revealed the HUMO/LUMO level at -3.72 eV/ -5.44 eV with an optical band gap of 1.72 eV for BDT-HTOX. While the devices based on BDT-HTOX : PC<sub>71</sub>BM = 1:1 in chlorobenzene as a solvent for solution processed organic solar cells showed the best performance.
A New Electrolyte with 4-methylbenzenesulfonte as Cathode Buffer Layer in Organic Solar Cells
진호철,김주현,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ) 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
As interest in protecting the environment grows, interest in pollutionfree energy source is also increasing. Among them, solar cells have been studied a lot to improve the performance of that. To achieve this, it is important to reduce the Schottky barrier between layers. Many research shows that the decrease of a Schottky barrier can lead better electron transfer property which is induced by formation of a favorable dipole at the cathode interface. Herein, 2,2’-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N,N,Ntrimethylethananminium) benzenesulfonate (TEG-tos) was designed and synthesized by ion exchange reaction simply. To look into the effect of the dipole at the cathode interface, TEG-tos was inserted in the organic solar cells based on the configuration with ITO / ZnO / TEG-tos / PTB7:PC71BM / MoO3 / Ag. The kelvin probe microscopy measurement was also performed to quantify the effect of the dipole at the cathode interface.