유리섬유 및 알루미늄 금속 혼합물 유리조성 개발

조현제,김천우,Cho, Hyun-Je,Kim, Cheon-Woo 한국방사성폐기물학회 2012 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.10 No.4

원전에서 발생되는 방사성폐기물에 대한 고화처리 방법 중 하나인 유리화기술이 일부 가연성폐기물에 대해 적용되고 있다. 국내외적으로 중저준위 방사성폐기물의 효과적인 감용과 안정적인 처분을 위해 다양한 폐기물에 대한 유리화기술 적용방안이 확대 연구되고 있으며, 최근에는 가연성폐기물 뿐만 아니라 알루미늄 금속과 같은 비가연성폐기물에도 유리화 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 공기조화계통 (HVAC)에는 주로 필터가 이용되고 있으며, 사용 후 필터는 여과재 (유리섬유 및 알루미늄)를 이용하여 배기체를 흡착하기 때문에 방사성폐기물로 처리가 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 필터에 대한 처리기술 연구를 위해 유도가열식 저온용융로 (Cold Crucible Induction Melter: CCIM)를 이용한 유리화 타당성 연구를 수행하였다. 사용후 필터에 대한 유리화 (Vitrification)는 먼저 유리섬유 및 알루미늄 함량을 고려한 최적의 유리조성을 개발 하였으며, 개발된 유리 조성을 이용하여 최적의 폐기물 저감을 위한 용융변수와 최종 생성된 유리고화체의 특성을 분석하였다. 사용후 필터 유리화용 조성유리는 주로 $SiO_2$와 $B_2O_3$로 구성되어 있다. 전기로를 이용한 용융물 특성시험에서는 폐기물 투입률 및 최종 생성물인 유리고화체의 특성이 검토되었다. 본 연구에서는 알루미늄 금속과 유리섬유로 구성된 필터에 대한 유리조성 개발과 이를 통해 생성된 유리고화체의 물리화학적 특성을 검토하고 유리화 타당성을 확인하였다. Vitrification technology has been widely applied as one of effective processing methods for wastes generated in nuclear power plants. The advantage of vitrifying for low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes has a large volume reduction and good durability for the final products. Recently, a filter using on HVAC(Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning System) is composed with media (glass fiber) and separator (aluminum film) has been studied the proper treatment technology for meeting the waste disposal requirement. Present paper is a feasibility study for the filter vitrification that developing of the glass compositions for filter melting and melting test for physicochemical characteristic evaluation. The aluminum metal of film type is preparing with 0.5 cm size for proper mixing with glass frit, glass fiber is also preparing with 1 cm size within crucible. The glass compositions should be developed considering molten glass are related with wastes reduction. Glass compositions obtained from developing on glass formulation are mainly composed of $SiO_2$ and $B_2O_3$ for aluminum metal. A variety of factors obtained from the glass formulation and melting test are reviewed, which is feeding rate and glass characteristics of final products such as durability for implementing the wastes disposal requirement.

백두대간 남한지역 산림식생의 구조와 종조성

조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ),이병천 ( Byung Cheon Lee ),신준환 ( Joon Hwan Shin ) 한국산림과학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.5

The forest structure and species composition of the Baekdudaegan region, which ranges from the Mt. Hwangnobong(1,296m) to the Mt. Jiri(1,915m), in South Korea, were studied by means of a field survey consisting of 818 plots. This phytosociological survey carried out combining the Braun-Blanquet method with numerical syntaxonomical analysis (cluster analysis) and six main vegetation-types (Al:Taxus cuspidnra-Sorbus commixta-type, A2:Tilia amurensis-Fraxinus rhynchophylla-type, BI:Fraxinus mandshuricaCephalotaxus koreana-type, B2:Carpinus lax:flora Rhus trichocarpa-type, Cl:Pinus koraiensis-Vaccinium koreanum-type, and C2:Quercus dentata Zanthoxylum schinifoliuma-type)distinguished. Each Vegetation-type were & scribed in more detail (ⅰ) species composition based on relative importance values by plant species and diversity indices, and (ⅱ) physiognomy based on ground cover by life-forms and tree height. Vegetation-type Al, A2 and Bl occurred mainly at elevations above 1,000m, and the B2, C1 and C2 was usually found at elevations below 1,000m. According to the micro-topography, vegetation-type Al, C1 and C2 were usually found in the upper part of slope and the B1 was found in the middle part of slope or valley. On the other hand the A2 and B2 were appearing in the transition zone between C and D, G and H, respectively. In floristics, the best represented family was Compositae with 107 species. Only 7 Fagaceae species were found but, coverwise it was the most important family. Another important family was Pinaceae, whereas Coirgxlsitae, Roaceae, Liliaceae and Ranunculaceae contributed little to total cover, although represented by numerous species.

남한지역 마가목 자생임지의 식생조성과 구조

조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ),최명섭 ( Myung Sub Choi ) 한국농림기상학회 2005 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.7 No.3

팔공산 삼림군락의 (森林群落) 식물사회학적연구 (Ⅰ) - 소나무림에 (林) 대해서 -

조현제(Hyun Je Cho),홍성천(Sung Cheon Hong) 한국산림과학회 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.2

Pine forest communities developed in Mt. Palgong, southeastern Korea, were studied phytosociologically, with special reference to multiple management of local forests, and were classified into two communities, Pinus densiflora - Quercus mongolica community( I : mountain forest) and P. densiflora-Climbing plants community (II : valley forest) and six subgroups accompanied by several subgroups. Judging from the coincidence method, the division of communities (vegetation units) was closely related to altitude and topography. Based on vegetation units, a vertical distribution map of pine forest communities was prepared. The species composition(%) of pine forest communities under stratification, in upper and lower tree layer, teas I higher than II, in middle and shrubs lacer II higher than I (Total : Upper 15.5%, Middle 28.4%, Lower 34.6%. Shrubs 21.5%. Sum of mean coverage%i of understory vegetation was II twice as high as I (Total. shrubs 28.4%. forbs 11.4%, Graminoids 11.8%, ferns 1.0%). Based on constance, coverage and d.b.h. class etc., an actual growth and occurrence table of tree species and understory vegetation by vegetation unity were prepared, and could assume a criterion for judging potential dominance-growth conditions.

백두대간 마루금일대 소나무림의 식생형과 생활형 조성

조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ) 한국산림과학회 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.4

울산시 도시림 보전 및 관리를 위한 식생단위와 경관구조 - 염포산을 중심으로 -

조현제(Hyun Je Cho),조재형(Jae Hyoung Cho) 한국산림과학회 2002 한국산림과학회지 Vol.91 No.5

N/A

울릉도 성인봉일대 원시림의 (原始林) 군낙생태학적 (群落生態學的) 연구

조현제(Hyun Je Cho),배관호(Kwan Ho Bae),이병천(Byung Cheon Lee),홍성천(Sung Cheon Hong) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.2

The virgin forests on and around Sungin-bong in Ulreung-do, an island situated between the Korean peninsula and Japanese archipelago, were investigated phytosociologically. They were classified into two communities, i.e. Fagus crenata var. multineruis - Majanthemum dilatatum community and F. crenata var. multinervis - Sasa kuriensis community. The former was subdivided into several units : Acer takesimense - Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum group, including Tsuga sieboldii - Taws cuspidata var. tatifolia subgroup and a typical subgroup, and Acer mono var. savatieri - Rumohra standishii group, including Dystaenia takeshimana subgroup and a typical subgroup. The other was subdivided into two subunits . Acer okamoloanum group and a typical group. It was estimated that this area was orginally covered with beech and maple dominated forest vegetation and with Machilus dominated forest or bamboo forest. However, in these days, The natural vegetation of it has been destroyed and in future, may also be disturbed gradually by human activities. Judging from the coincidence method, the structure and distribution of the forest communities was more related to altitude than to topography. The phytomass, based upon the basal area of each community to 100㎡ showed that Acer mono var. savatieri - Rumolara standishii group (BA=7574.1㎠, P=9,882,058㎠) hayed the largest value and Tsuga sieboldii - Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia subgroup(BA=2126.3㎠, P=1,746,755㎤) showed the smallest value. The flora of the vascular plants collected from this area consists of 71 families, 187 genera. 243 species, 1 subspecies, 44 varieties, 6 forms and 294 taxa in total.

아고산 지역 상록침엽수림의 종조성과 구조

조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ),배관호 ( Kwan Ho Bae ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ),이충화 ( Choong Hwa Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.5

An analysis of species composition and structure of the evergreen coniferous forest vegetation of the subalpine area, South Korea, combining the Braun-Blanquet approach with numerical syntaxonomical analyses(TWINSPAN and correspondence analysis) is presented. Two main vegetation types(Betula ermanii-Rhododendron schlippenbachii-type and Taxus cuspidata-Meehania urificifolia-type) have been distinguished and typified ten vegetation units. The relationships of the vegetation units to complex environmental gradient are controlled primarily by the attitudinal gradient and micro-topographic conditions.

우리나라 소나무림의 식생형과 종다양성 패턴

조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ),이창배 ( Chang Bae Lee ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.1

우리나라 전역에 걸쳐 잔존하고 있는 소나무림 315개소를 대상으로 식물사회학적 조사와 TWINSPAN 집락분석 및 DCA ordination 분석을 통하여 식생유형을 구분하고, 식생유형별 식물상 및 종조성 특성 그리고 종다양성 패턴 등을 분석하였다. 식생형은 크게 신갈나무형과 졸참나무형 등 2개의 상위단위와 8개 그룹의 하위단위로 유형화되었다. 식물상 조성에 있어서 종 및 속 수준에서의 풍부도는 국화과(21속, 45종)가 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 백합과(18속, 34종), 장미과(17속, 34종), 콩과(15속, 25종) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 종풍부도, 다양성 및 균등도 등의 다양성 패턴은 식생형 별로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한, 해발고도에 따라 종풍부도는 일반적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타낸 반면, 종균등도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Pine (Pinus densiflora) forests of 315 sites were classified by applying the phytosociological method, TWINSPAN and DCA (detrended correspondence analysis). The floristic composition and diversity patterns of the vegetation types analyzed and documented. The vegetation types were classified 8 groups including 4 groups of Quercus mongolica type and 4 groups of Quercus serrata-Smilax china type. Taxonomically, Compositae was the most diverse family (21 genus, 45 species) and followed in order of Liliaceae (18 genus, 34 species), Rosaceae (17 genus, 34 species), and Leguminosae (15 genus, 25 species). The patterns of species richness, diveristy and evenness were significantly different among the vegetation types. In altitudinal pattern of species diversity, species richness monotonically decreased but species evenness increased with increasing altitude.

백두대간 보호지역 침엽수림의 식생분류, 종다양성 및 구조적 특성

조현제 ( Hyun-je Cho ),김준수 ( Jun-soo Kim ),조준희 ( Joon-hee Cho ),오승환 ( Seung-hwan Oh ) 한국산림과학회 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.4

백두대간 보호지역 침엽수림은 기후변화, 식생천이, 인간간섭 등 다양한 교란 요인으로 토지 본래의 식생 조성과 구조의 변화가 커서 생태적 안정성과 더불어 경관적 다양성과 특이성이 점차 저하되고 있다. 본 연구는 백두대간 보호지역 침엽수림의 전면적이고 종합적인 보전 방안 수립의 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 2016년에서 2020년까지 5년간 수행된 산림청 백두대간 자원실태변화조사에서 수집된 총 755개 임분의 식생정보를 바탕으로 정량적인 ZM학파의 식물사회학적 방법과 정량적인 이원지표종분석 방법(TWINSPAN)을 병용하여 종조성적 식생유형을 구분하고 그 종다양성과 구조적 특성을 파악하였다. 그 결과, 백두대간 보호지역 침엽수림의 식생유형은 2개 군락군, 4개 군락, 7개 아군락, 그리고 14개 변군락의 식생단위 체계 하에 총 15개 유형으로 구분되었다. 또한, 침엽수림 구성종의 100 ㎡당 평균 총피도와 출현종수는 각각 232%, 21종 그리고 종다양도와 종우점도 지수는 각각 평균 1.907, 0.222로 나타났다. Coniferous forests in the Baekdudaegan protected area are gradually losing their landscape diversity and uniqueness along with their ecological stability due to changes in vegetation composition and structures caused by various disturbance factors, such as climate change, vegetation succession, and human interference. This study provides basic data for establishing a comprehensive conservation plan for coniferous forests in the Baekdudaegan protected area. We classified the vegetation unit types using the Zurich-Montpellier School of Phytosociology and two-way indicator species analysis methods and analyzed the species diversity and structural characteristics based on the vegetation information of 755 stands collected in the natural resources change survey of the Baekdudaegan mountains (2016 to 2020) by the Korea Forest Service. Therefore, the vegetation of the coniferous forests of theBaekdudaegan protected area was classified into 15 types under the vegetation unit hierarchy of two community groups, four communities, seven sub-communities, and 14 variants. Furthermore, we compared the total coverage among vegetation types, importance values, constancy classes, life-forms, and diversity indices. Additionally, the average total coverage and number of species per 100 ㎡ of all coniferous forests were 232% and 21 species, respectively, with the species diversity and dominance indices averaging 1.907 and 0.222, respectively.