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CDMA2000, WiBro 및 WLAN 연동을 위한 계층적 네트워크 구조와 핸드오프 프레임워크
공두경 ( Du-kyung Kong ),조진성 ( Jin-sung Cho ),김승희 ( Seung-hee Kim ),김대식 ( Dae-sik Kim ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2006 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.7 No.5
차세대 이동통신 시스템은 유·무선 네트워크의 통합과 더불어 이동성 및 고속 데이터 전송을 제공하는 형태로 진화할 전망이다. 따라서 이러한 상황에서 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 위해 이기종 무선망에 대한 연동 서비스에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 지금까지 연동망 구조에 대한 연구로서 하나의 핵심망을 기준으로 핵심망에서 네트워크들을 제어하는 형태의 연동망 구조가 연구되었고, 핵심망에서 서비스 통합 관리가 이루어져 다양한 서비스를 제공하게 된다. 하지만 핵심망에서 모든 이동성을 관리하기 때문에 네트워크 간 이동을 위한 버티컬 핸드오프 시에 핸드오프의 지연이 발생하며, 이전 통신한 네트워크로의 패킷은 손실된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 CDMA2000, WiBro 및 WLAN 네트워크에 대해 그 특성에 따라 연동망 구조를 계층적인 구조로서 제안한다. 따라서 각 네트워크의 범위 특성에 따라 오버레이 구조로 구성되어 있으므로 핸드오프 지연 및 패킷 손실을 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 제안된 연동망 구조상에서 동작하기 위한 핵심 기술로서 독립적으로 표준화된 프로토콜들을 적용하여 차세대 이동통신 시스템에 대한 연동 서비스의 프레임워크를 제시한다. Next-generation mobile communication systems evolve in the form of high speed data transmission along with integration of wired-wireless network. Therefore, it needs researches on integrating service to heterogeneous networks to offer high speed data transmission and various services while supporting user mobility. In existing studies, heterogeneous networks are linked to single core network separatively. Since vertical handoff between heterogeneous networks leads to some delay, packets may be lost during vertical handoff. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an hierarchically integrated network architecture considering the characteristics of CDMA2000, WiBro, and WLAN. The hierarchically integrated networks are overlaid according to coverage of each network. Therefore, the proposed architecture can minimize handoff delay and packet loss. In addition, this paper proposes an integrated framework for next generation mobile communication networks.
전원된 외상성 뇌 손상환자에서 중증도에 따른 일상적인 반복CT의 유용성
황정인 ( Jeong In Hwang ),조진성 ( Jin Seong Cho ),이승철 ( Seung Chul Lee ),이정훈 ( Jeong Hun Lee ) 대한외상학회 2009 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.22 No.2
Purpose: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were referred from other hospitals for further management. In addition, patients routinely underwent computed tomography examinations of the head (HCT) in the referral hospitals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the utility of routine HCT scans according to the severity of TBI. Methods: Patients with TBI referred to our hospital between December 2005 and July 2008 were included in this study. We investigated HCT findings, indications for repeat HCT examinations (routine versus a neurological change), and neurosurgical interventions. The head injury severity was divided into three categories according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, including mild, moderate, and severe TBI. The use of neurosurgical interventions between patients who underwent routine HCT scans and patients who underwent HCT scans for a neurological change were compared according to the severity of TBI. Results: A total of 81 patients met the entry criteria for this study. Among these patients, 67%(n=54) of the patients underwent HCT scans on a routine basis, whereas 33%(n=27) of the patients underwent HCT scans for a neurological change. A total of 21 patients showed signs of a worsening condition on the HCT scans. Neurosurgical intervention was required for 23(28.4%) patients. For patients who underwent routine HCT examinations, no patient with mild TBI underwent a neurosurgical intervention. However, one patient with moderate TBI and three(13%) patients with severe TBI underwent neurosurgical interventions. The kappa index, the level of agreement for HCT indications of intervention and referral reasons for intervention, was 0.65 for high hierarchy hospitals and 0.06 for low hierarchy hospitals. Conclusion: Routine serial HCT examinations in the referred hospitals would be useful for patients with severe head injury and for patients from low hierarchy hospitals where no emergency physicians or neurosurgeons are available. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2009;22:134-41)
두개저 골절과 동반된 외상성 양측성 외전신경 마비 1례
황정인 ( Jeong In Hwang ),조진성 ( Jin Seong Cho ),이승철 ( Seung Chul Lee ),이정훈 ( Jeong Hun Lee ) 대한외상학회 2008 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.21 No.1
Traumatic bilateral abducens nerve palsy is rare and is associated with intracranial, skull and cervical spine injuries. We report a case of bilateral abducens nerve palsy in a 40-month-old patient with a skull base fracture. The injury mechanism was associated with direct nerve injury caused by a right petrous bone fracture and indirect injury by frontal impact on the abducens nerve at the point of fixation to the petrous portion and Dorello`s canal. The emergency physician should be aware of injuries and the mechanism of abducens nerve palsy in head trauma.
정태교 ( Tae Kyo Chung ),현성열 ( Sung Youl Hyun ),김진주 ( Jin Joo Kim ),류일 ( Eell Ryoo ),이근 ( Kun Lee ),조진성 ( Jin Seung Cho ),황성연 ( Sung Yun Hwang ),이석기 ( Suk Ki Lee ) 대한외상학회 2005 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.18 No.2
Background: Blunt thoracic trauma in children has a high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we assessed the significance of the injury pattern, mechanism and initial status in emergency department on severity and prognosis in pediatric blunt thoracic trauma patients. Method: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and chest X-ray and CT images of 111 pediatric blunt thoracic trauma patients from October 2000 to June 2005. Data recorded age, gender, season, injury mechanism, injury pattern, associated injury, length of hospital stay and cause of death. Result: Of all 111 patients, 68 patients were injured by motor vehicle accidents, 30 were falls, 5 were motorcycle accidents, 3 were sports accidents and 5 were miscellaneous. In thoracic trauma, single injury of lung contusion were 35 patients and 32 patients had multiple thoracic injuries. Hospital stay in school age group were longer than preschool age group. The causes of death were brain injury in 9, respiratory distress in 4, and hypovolemic shock in 2 patients. Emergently transfused and mechanically ventilated patients had higher mortality rates than other patients. Patients required emergency operation and patients with multiple thoracic injuries had higher mortality rates. Conclusion: In this study, patients with combined injury, emergency transfusion, mechanical ventilation, emergency operation, multiple injuries in chest X-ray had higher mortality rates. Therefore in these pediatric blunt thoracic trauma patients, accurate initial diagnosis and proper management is required.
가성동맥류와 심장눌림증으로 발현된 좌심실 파열 1례 : 승모판 치환술 후 후기에 발현된 좌심실 파열
황정인,조진성,이정훈,이승철 동국대학교 의학연구소 2008 東國醫學 Vol.15 No.1
Rupture of left ventricle following mitral valve replacement may be a highly lethal complication. This complication is classified according to the time of presentation and to the site of rupture. Depending on the site and location of rupture, this complication is classified as type Ⅰ(posterior atrioventricular groove), type Ⅱ(posterior wall of the left ventricle at the base of the papillary muscle), and type Ⅲ(area between the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ). Additional classification by time patterns are early, delayed, and late rupture. Late onset left ventricle (LV) rupture after mitral valve replacement is rare and presents as pseudoaneurysm. We report type Ⅲ, late left ventricular rupture presented as pseudoanuerysm and cardiac tamponade. Early diagnosis of this lethal complication by echocardiography and computed tomography is needed for appropriate therapy. 승모판 치환술 이후 발생하는 좌심실 파열은 치명적인 합병증이다. 발생한 시간과 발생 위치에 따라서 분류되며, 발생 위치에 따라 제Ⅰ형(방실 골짜기 후부), 제Ⅱ형(유두근이 있는 좌심실 후벽 부위), 제Ⅲ형(제Ⅰ형과 Ⅱ형의 발생 위치 사이)으로 나누어 진다. 또한 발생시간에 따라 초기(early), 지연성(delayed), 후기(late) 파열로 나눈다. 후기 좌심실 파열은 매우 드물고, 주로 가성 동맥류로 나타난다고 알려져 있다. 초음파와 전산화 단층촬영술을 이용한 빠른 진단은 치명적인 합병증에 대한 정확한 치료와 환자의 생존률 향상에 도움이 될 수 있다. 저자들은 가성 동맥류와 심장눌림증으로 나타난 제Ⅲ형의 후기 좌심실 파열을 경험하여 보고하고자 한다.