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메타분석을 적용한 전국 7개 대도시의 대기오염과 일일사망발생의 상관성 연구(1998년$\sim$2001년)
조용성,이종태,손지영,김윤신,Cho, Yong-Sung,Lee, Jong-Tae,Son, Ji-Young,Kim, Yoon-Shin 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.4
This study is performed to reexamine the association between ambient air pollution and daily mortality in seven major cities of Korea using a method of meta-analysis with the data filed for the period 1998-2001. These cities account for half of the Korean population (about 23 million). The observed concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO, mean=1.08 ppm), ozone ($O_3$, mean=33.97 ppb), particulate matter less than 10 ${\mu}m$ ($PM_{10},\;mean=57.11\;{\mu}g/m^3$), nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$, mean=25.09 ppb), and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$, mean=9.14 ppb) during the study period were at levels below Korea's current ambient air quality standards. Generalized additive models were applied to allow for the highly flexible fitting of seasonal and long-term time trends in air pollution as well as nonlinear associations with weather variables, such as air temperature and relative humidity. Also, we calculated a weighted mean as a meta-analysis summary of the estimates and its standard error. In city-specific analyses, an increase of $41.17{\mu}g/m^3(IQR)\;of\;PM_{10}$ corresponded to $1{\sim}12%$ more deaths, given constant weather conditions. Like most of air pollution epidemiologic studies, this meta-analysis cannot avoid fleeing from measurement misclassification since no personal measurement was taken. However, we can expect that a measurement bias be reduced in district-specific estimate since a monitoring station is better representative of air quality of the matched district. Significant heterogeneity was found for the effect of all pollutants. The estimated relative risks from meta-like analysis increased compared to those relative risks from pooled analysis. The similar results to those from the previous studies indicated existence of health effect of air pollution at current levels in many industrialized countries, including Korea.
대기오염 노출이 첫 출산아 저체중에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -서울지역 1999년~2003년 출생코호트를 중심으로-
조용성,손지영,이종태,Cho, Yong-Sung,Son, Ji-Young,Lee, Jong-Tae 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.4
Recent epidemiologic studies show that gestational exposure to air pollution adversely affects pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight in preform birth. In this study, we evaluated the effect of air pollutants on LBW (low birth weight) on firstborn fetus throughout the gestational period using the birth cohort between 1999 and 2003 in Seoul. Using birth cohort data from the National Statistics Office of Korea we identified 288,346 firstborn births (excluded missing data on lack of information for birth weight and discordance between residential and certificated address from a total of 316,451) during 1999 to 2003 with complete covariate (gender, parity, date of birth, gestational age, parental age and educational level, maternal occupation etc.) and maternal residential history data. Our subjects were defined as more than 37 weeks and less than 44 weeks of completed gestation and we identified 5,457 persons (1.89%) by low birth weight (<2.5 kg) in this study. Using logistic regression, we estimated the risk of mean (entire pregnancy and trimester period) air pollution concentrations for CO, $O_3,\;PM_{10},\;NO_2\;and\;SO_2$. In terms of trimester-specific exposure, we found that some air pollutants exposure in each trimester would increase the risk for LBW. Results also showed that the effect size of air pollutants exposure during the first and third trimester is higher than during the second trimester. In all trimester, the estimated risk of LBW was 1.831 (95% CI=1.573-2.132) with unit increase for CO, 1.139 (95% CI=1.107-1.172) for 50, and 1.009 (95% CI=1.001-1.017) for $O_3$. Our results suggest that exposure during the gestation period to relatively low levels of some air pollutants may be associated with a reduction in birth weight on first-born fetus. These findings implicate the effective risk management strategies should be applied to minimize the public health impacts for pregnant women.
조용성,이용환,Cho, Young-Sung,Lee, Yong-Hwan 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.3
모바일 통신 서비스의 발전과 반도체 기술의 발달로 모바일 기기에 멀티미디어 서비스와 2D/3D 게임과 같이 고수준의 그래픽 처리를 필요로 하는 콘텐츠가 가능하게 되었다. 모바일 기기는 특성상 더욱 작은 칩 면적과 저전력 소비의 조건이 만족되어야 하며, 본 논문에서는 이러한 모바일 기기에 적용 가능한 2D/3D 벡터 그래픽 처리용 부동소수점 절사형 승산기를 설계한다. 본 논문의 승산기는 기본적으로 radix-4 Booth 인코딩을 적용하고, 면적과 전력소모를 줄이기 위하여 절사방식을 사용한다. 구현된 절사형 승산기는 평균 퍼센트 오차가 0.00003% 정도로 모바일 기기에 충분히 적용가능하다. 승산기는 0.35um CMOS 셀 라이브러리를 이용하여 논리 합성되었고, 그 결과 절사되지 않은 기존의 radix-4 Booth 승산기에 비해 게이트 수가 약 33.8%정도 감소하였다. As the mobile communication and the semiconductor technology is improved continuously, mobile contents such as the multimedia service and the 2D/3D graphics which require high level graphics are serviced recently. Mobile chips should consume small die area and low power. In this paper, we design a truncated floating-point multiplier that is useful for the 2D/3D vector graphics in mobile devices. The truncated multiplier is based on the radix-4 Booth's encoding algorithm and a truncation algorithm is used to achieve small area and low power. The average percent error of the multiplier is as small as 0.00003% and neglectable for mobile applications. The synthesis result using 0.35um CMOS cell library shows that the number of gates for the truncated multiplier is only 33.8 percent of the conventional radix-4 Booth's multiplier.
우리나라를 포함한 OECD 국가의 온실가스감축 의무부담에 대한 연구
조용성 ( Yong Sung Cho ),강윤영 ( Yoon Young Kang ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2006 환경정책연구 Vol.5 No.1
한국을 포함한 OECD 국가들을 대상으로 3가지 의무부담 분담공식을 이용하여 12가지 시나리오를 설정한 후, 2000년도를 기준으로 각 국가가 시나리오에 따라 할당받게 되는 온실가스 감축의무량과 감축비율, 그리고 전체 OECD 국가의 온실가스 감축량 중 각 국가의 감축비율 등을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 시나리오와 의무부담방식에 따라 다르지만 전체적으로 우리나라의 의무감축량이 일부 국가를 제외한 여타 OECD 국가와 비슷하게 나타났으며, OECD 국가 총 감축량의 약 1.4-3.5%에 해당하는 34.9-85.8백만 톤을 할당받을 것으로 예측되었고 이는 2000년도 우리나라 온실가스 총 배출량의 약8.1-19.8%에 해당하는 것으로 분석되었다. This study explores what potential future greenhouse gas allocation schemes might mean for OECD countries, and discusses a number of concepts of equity, examines three specific burden sharing rules and formulae. The results indicate that Korea reduces its emission from 8.1% and 19.8% which is 34.9-85.8 million tons of CO2 emission on the assumption that the overall level of abatement remains 20% of total 2000 OECD emissions.
SF₆ 가스 중의 삼중점 절연파괴 예측기술에 관한 연구
조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),정진교(Jin-Kyo Chong),이우영(Woo-Young Lee) 대한전기학회 2009 전기학회논문지 Vol.58 No.5
Triple junction which consists of three media(electrode, insulator, and gas) should be considered in designing of high voltage equipments due to the electric field enhancement. In this paper, positive lightning impulse breakdown voltage is predicted based on the streamer theory for simplified insulator models and 72.5㎸ spacer with varying the triple junction geometry and gas pressure, and the results are compared to the experimental results. The electric field coefficient concept is also applied in order to evaluate the partial discharge inception voltage and the surface flashover voltage from the streamer inception voltage. The application of this method using the constant electric field coefficient of 1.3 and 0.66 is possible for evaluating the triple-junction insulation of the simplified insulator and the 72.5㎸ spacer respectively. The error rate is under 10%.
전동차 실내의 적정 환기율 및 이산화탄소 농도 기준치에 관한 고찰
조용성(Cho Yong-Sung),강석택(Kang Seok-Teak),박영훈(Park Young-Hoon) 한국철도학회 2005 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
Electric Multiple Unit is one of the major mass public transportation systems and passengers are under the influence of indoor air Quality such as air temperature, relative humidity and concentration of C02 gas, Therefore ventilation system of Electric Multiple Unit should be designed for both healthy and comfortable environments, We survey the optimal ventilation rate and the permissible C02 concentration in the saloon with the consideration of the cooling and heating capacity and fresh air induced from tunnel.
캠프캐럴 인근 주민에서 다이옥신류 및 유기염소계 농약의 혈중 농도 및 노출력
배상근 ( Sang Geun Bae ),김근배 ( Geun-bae Kim ),조용성 ( Yong-sung Cho ),이유미 ( Yu-mi Lee ),이덕희 ( Duk Hee Lee ),양원호 ( Wonho Yang ),주영수 ( Young-su Ju ),이관 ( Kwan Lee ),민영선 ( Young-sun Min ),임현술 ( Hyun-sul Lim ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.3
Objectives: This study was performed in order to evaluate whether 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could be detected among residents living near Camp Caroll in Waegwan and whether serum concentrations of dioxins, including 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are associated with length of residence. Methods: Study subjects totaled 113 (for dioxins) and 190 (for OCPs) adults who were selected from participants in a medical investigation. Serum concentrations of dioxins and OCPs were measured using HRGC/HRMS. Information on length of residence was obtained through questionnaires. Results: 2,3,7,8-TCDD was not detected in serum among all subjects. When length of residence was classified as a categorical variable, after adjusting for confounding variables, only residents living in Waegwan for 40 years or longer tended to have high total TEQ values and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF with marginal significances. There was no dose-response relation between length of residence and serum concentrations of these chemicals. In multiple regression models with continuous values of the length of residence, total TEQ value and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF were positively associated with length of residence. However, they explained about 3-5% of total variations of serum concentrations of these compounds, while age, consumption of fatty fish, body mass index, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking were main variables affecting serum concentrations of dioxins or OCPs. Conclusions: In the current study, high concentrations of certain compounds were mainly observed among persons who lived in Waegwan for at least for 40 years without a dose-response relation. Therefore, it seems difficult to conclude that length of residence meaningfully contributed to the current serum concentrations of dioxins or OCPs among residents in Waegwan. However, considering the half-life of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and indirect exposure routes, the limitations of the current study design should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.