생체발생 및 분화기구의 생물학적 연구 Ⅳ - 기관발달에 미치는 몇가지 요인 -

조영동,조병구,이순희,강영희 ( Young Dong,Cho,Byung Goo Cho,Sun Hi Lee,Young Hee Kang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.2

1) The presence of c-AMP was observed from germination to seedling and the amount of it was continuously decreased until 4th day. 2) Exogenous c-AMP was found to promote the induction of isocitrate lyase suggesting that endogenous could promote the enzyme. 3) The amounts of protein and lipid in endosperm were rapidly decreaced for the first 3 days and then slowly decreased. 4) The amount of protein in embryo was rapidly decreased for the first 3 days and thereafter increased. 5) Activities of isocitrate lyase and lipase increased and reached maximum in 3 days and then decreased. 6) Lipase activity was paralleled with chronoligical changes of lipid granules. 7) The enzyme activity related to polyamine biosynthesis reached maximum in 5th day after germination and its activity seemed to result in increase in fresh weight and protein amount.

Cell Biological Studies on the Mechanism of Development and Differentiation IV - Factors in Endosperm on Organ Development

조영동,조병구,이순희,강영희,Cho, Young-Dong,Cho, Byung-Goo,Lee, Sun-Hi,Kang, Young-Hee 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.2

1. Maize seedlings에서 c-AMP의 존재가 확인되었고, 그 양은 4일까지 점차 감소하였다. 2. 외부에서 넣어준 c-AMP에 의해 isocitrate lyase의 유도가 촉진됨을 알 수 있었고, endosperm의 c-AMP도 같은 역할을 예상할 수 있다. 3. Maize seedlings의 endosperm의 단백질과 지질은 3일째까지 급격히 분해되었고, 그 후에는 서서히 분해되었다. 4. Embryo의 단백질양은 3일째까지 감소하다가 그 후에는 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 5. Isocitrate lyase와 lipase활성은 3일째에 최대치에 도달하였고 그 후에는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 6. Lipase활성은 lipid granules의 시간에 따른 변화와 일치하였다. 7. Polyamine합성효소의 활성은 발아후 5일에 최대치를 보였고, 효소 활성은 fresh weight와 단백질 양의 증가를 유도한 것 같다. 1) The presence of c-AMP was observed from germination to seedling and the amount of it was continuously decreased until 4th day. 2) Exogenous c-AMP was found to promote the induction of isocitrate lyase suggesting that endogenous could promote the enzyme. 3) The amounts of protein and lipid in endosperm were rapidly decreaced for the first 3 days and then slowly decreased. 4) The amount of protein in embryo was rapidly decreased for the first 3 days and thereafter increased. 5) Activities of isocitrate lyase and lipase increased and reached maximum in 3 days and then decreased. 6) Lipase activity was paralleled with chronoligical changes of lipid granules. 7) The enzyme activity related to polyamine biosynthesis reached maximum in 5th day after germination and its activity seemed to result in increase in fresh weight and protein amount.

생체발생 및 분화기구의 세포학적 연구 ( Ⅵ ) 기관발달에 따른 Polyamine 및 관련된 효소에 관한 연구

조영동,강영희,조명제,김성기,이순희 ( Young Dong Cho,Young Hee Kang,Myung Je Cho,Seong Ki Kim,Sun Hi Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1983 BMB Reports Vol.16 No.2

1) The amount of putrescine increases continuously but that of spermidine and spermine decreases steadily, and reaches plateau as corn embryo grows. 2) Separate enzymes are involved in formation of putrescine from L-agmating. in corn 3) Increase in level of endogenous putrescine in corn parallels with that of protein. 4) Putrescine of exogenous polyamines stimulate growth, of corn explant, and spermidine and spermine stimulate less than putrescine. 5) After germination, drastic decrease in amount of c-AMP in corn may mainly be due to phosphodiesterase activity. 6) Corn endosperm peptide fraction enhances phosphodiesterse activity apparantly. 7) Corn embryo glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase seems to be not essential for lipid biosynthesis.

Cell Biological Studies on the Mechanism of Development and Differentitation VI Study on Polyamines and Related Enzymes during Organ Development

조영동,강영희,조명제,김성기,이순희,Cho, Young-Dong,Kang, Young-Hee,Cho, Myung-Je,Kim, Seong-Ki,Lee, Sun-Hi 생화학분자생물학회 1983 한국생화학회지 Vol.16 No.2

1) Corn embryo가 성장함에 따라 putrescine 함량은 계속 증가하나 spermidine과 spermine의 함량은 점점감소하여 일정수준에 도달한다. 2) Corn에서는 L-agmatine으로 부터 putrescine 합성과정에는 separate enzymes가 관여 한다. 3) Corn endogenous putrescine level의 증가와 embryo protein 함량의 증가는 병행한다. 4) Exogenous polyamine 중 putrescine이 가장 Corn exlpant의 성장을 촉진시키고 spermidine와 spermine은 약간씩 촉진시킨다. 5) 발아 후 급격 한 corn에 서 c-AMP 함량의 감소는 주로 phosphodiesterase activity에 기인되는 것 같다. 6) Corn endosperm peptide fraction 이 phosphodiesterase activity를 현저히 높인다. 7) Corn embryo glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase는 lipid 합성에 크게 기여하지 않는 것 같다. 1) The amount of putrescine increases continuously but that of spermidine and spermine decreases steadily, and reaches plateau as corn embryo grows. 2) Separate enzymes are involved in formation of putrescine from L-agmating. in corn 3) Increase in level of endogenous putrescine in corn parallels with that of protein. 4) Putrescine of exogenous polyamines stimulate growth, of corn explant, and spermidine and spermine stimulate less than putrescine. 5) After germination, drastic decrease in amount of c-AMP in corn may mainly be due to phosphodiesterase activity. 6) Corn endosperm peptide fraction enhances phosphodiesterse activity apparantly. 7) Corn embryo glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase seems to be not essential for lipid biosynthesis.

Lupinine 의 관여없이 14CO2 로부터의 Lupin Alkaloid 생합성

조영동,R . O . Martin ( Young Dong Cho ) 생화학분자생물학회 1977 BMB Reports Vol.10 No.3

Lupinine could not be detected in six-weeks-old Thermopsis caloriliniana and Lupinus angustifolius by pulse feeding of ^(14)CO₂ and using the G. L. C. -continuous combustion flow counting system, T.L.C. and some spectroscopic methods. Lupanine appears to be the first labeled alkaloid in T. caroliniana and L. angustifolius. Δ^5-Dehydrolupanine was not detected in L. angustifolius but in T. carloriniana. No evidence was obtained for the formation of lupinine, casting on its role in the formation of lupin alkaloids.

Escherichia coli 의 Succinate Dehydrogenase 에 미치는 인삼 Saponin 의 영향

조영동,김길룡,김일 ( Young Dong Cho,Kil Lyong Kim,Yil Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1980 BMB Reports Vol.13 No.1

In this experiment, it was attempted to observe the possible effect of Korean ginseng saponin on the growth and one of the most important enzyme in TCA cycle, succinate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1. 3.99. 1. ), of E. coli w3110 to make a contribution to revealing partially the physiological action of ginseng saponin. The following results were obtained: 1) When the concentrations of ginseng saponin in the assay mixture were between 1×10^(-1) % and 6×10^(-1)%, E. coli soluble SDH was highly activated; the maximum activity of E. coli soluble SDH was shown in the presence of 4×10^(-1) ginseng saponin and its activity was inhibited below 1×10^(-2)%. The ㎞ value for succinate of E. coli soluble SDH was 5.05×10^(-3)M. 2) At 4×10^(-1)% saponin solution, E. coli membrane bound SDH was inhibited significantly but concentrations above 2×10^(-1)% saponin solution were innocuous for the enzyme. The km value for succinate of E, coli membrane bound SDH was 2.58×10^(-3)M. 3) When the E. coli were grown in the media containing 1×10^(-1)% ginseng saponin, there was increase in lag phase of E. coli. However, the growth curve of E. coli was similar to that of control when the concentrations of ginseng saponin was between 1×10^(-2)% and 1×10^(-4)%. 4) When the E. coli were grown in the media containing 1×10^(-1)% ginseng saponin, the activity of soluble SDH was increased 26% in compare with that of control whereas the activity of soluble SDH seemed to be degreased in E. coli grown in the media containing 1×10^(-2) and 1×10^(-3)%. 5) After preincubation at various temperature, E. coli soluble SDH was highly activated when the concentration of ginseng saponin was 4×10^(-1)%. The optimum temperature of E. coli soluble SDH was at 2℃ under condition described. 6) After storage with and without ginseng saponins at 2℃ for 9,21, and 27 hours, the activities of soluble SDH were almost similar.

The Effect of Ginseng Alkaloid Fraction on Dehydrogenases

조영동,한정호,김옥희,Cho, Young-Dong,Han, Jung-Ho,Kim, Ok-Hee 생화학분자생물학회 1974 한국생화학회지 Vol.7 No.1

닭으로부터 얻은 3종의 탈수소 효소 활성도를 alkaloid 첨가하에서 측정하였다. Alkaloid 분획은 succinate dehydrogenase, serum lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase의 순으로 활성도를 높였으나, muscle lactate dehydrogenase에서는 반대 경향을 보여 주었다. 알카로이드로 추정되는 분획의 확인은 분광학적 방법, 질소 분석과 색반응 등으로 시행하였다. The enzymic activities of three dehydrogenases obtained from chicken were measured in vitro after alkaloid fraction was administered. Alkaloid fraction activates dehydrogenases in the following order: succinate dehydrogenase, serum lactic dehydrogenase and glutamic dehydrogenase, whereas muscle lactate dehydrogenase is deactivated. The presence of alkaloid was tentatively identified by using spectroscopic methods, nitrogen analysis and some color reactions.

A Study on the Effect of Ginseng Saponin Fraction on Cell Wall(II) : Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis

조영동,김남걸,김충원,Cho, Young-Dong,Kim, Nam-Geol,Kim, Choong-Won 생화학분자생물학회 1981 한국생화학회지 Vol.14 No.4

본 실험에서는 인삼 주 성분 중의 하나인 saponin 분획이 Bacillus subtilis의 성장, U-$^{14}C$-glucose의 uptake 속도, lysis 및 세포벽 등에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis의 성장속도는 control 배지에서 자라난 것 보다 배양 시작한지 6시간 후 부터 빨라졌다. 2. 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis는 control 배지에서 자란 것보다 U-$^{14}C$-glucose의 uptake 속도가 빨라졌다. 3. 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis의 lysozyme에 의한 lysis는 control 배지에서 자란 것 보다 빠르다. 4. 광학 및 전자 현미경의 관찰에 의하면 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis와 control 배지에서 자란 B. subtllis 사이에는 세포벽의 변화가 있었다. In this experiment, observations were made on the effects of ginseng saponin, one of the major components of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng, C.A.Meyer) root, on the growth rate of Bacillus subtilis, the uptake rate of the U-$^{14}C$-glucose, the lysis, and cell wall, The followings were obtained. (1). The growth rate of B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % ginseng saponin was faster than that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it after 6 hr from the beginning of culture. (2). The uptake rate of the U-$^{14}C$-glucose by B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % ginseng saponin was faster than that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it. (3). The lysis of B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % ginseng saponin fraction was faster than that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it. (4). Cell wall of B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % saponin fraction was different from that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it.

Biosynthesis of Lupin Alkaloids from $^{14}CO_2$ Evidence for the Independent Formation of Lupinine(I)

조영동,Cho, Young-Dong,Martin, R. O. 생화학분자생물학회 1977 한국생화학회지 Vol.10 No.3

일시적 $^{14}CO_2$ 공급, GLC-continuous flowing counting system, TLC 및 분광학적 방법으로서 Thermopsis caroliniana와 Lupinus angustifolius에서 lupinine을 찾지 못하였다. Lupanine은 T. caroliniana와 L. angustifolius에서 제일 먼저 생성되는 듯하다. ${\Delta}^5$-dehydrolupanine은 T. caroliniana 에서는 존재하나 L. angustifolius에서는 없었다. Lupinine형성의 증거는 전연 없어서 lupin alkaloid생합성에서 lupinine의 역할은 없는 것 같다. Lupinine could not be detected in six-weeks-old Thermopsis caloriliniana and Lupinus angustifolius by pulse feeding of $^{14}CO_2$ and using the G.L.C. -continuous combustion flow counting system, T.L.C. and some spectroscopic methods. Lupanine appears to be the first labeled alkaloid in T. caroliniana and L. angustifolius, ${\Delta}^5$-Dehydrolupanine was not detected in L. angustifolius but in T. carloriniana. No evidence was obtained for the formation of lupinine, casting on its role in the formation of lupin alkaloids.

흰쥐의 담즙산 분비 및 장내 지방 흡수에 인삼 Saponin 이 미치는 영향

조영동,김충원,김일 ( Young Dong Cho,Choong Won Kim,Il Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1980 BMB Reports Vol.13 No.3

In this experiment, it was attempted to observe the effect of saponin, one of the major compounds of Korean Ginseng, on secretion of bile acids and absorption of lipids in the small intestine of the rat, in vivo, and the following results were obtained. 1) Under the experimental condition described, it was observed that the ginseng saponin did not affect the volume of bile juice secreted from the liver but increased 2 to 4.5 times the concentration of cholate contained in the bile juice and the gastrin level in the blood. 2) In the case of cannulation method of obstructing the entrance of bile juice and pancreatic juice into the small intestine, the ginseng saponin stimulated about 2 times the rate of absorption of lipids in the small intestine of the rat. 3) Without cannulation method, the ginseng saponin also stimulated the absorption of lipids in the small intestine of the rat.