특허권보호제도의 변화가 연구개발지출과 특허권 산출의 관계에 미치는 영향

조성표 ( Seong Pyo Cho ),김희정 ( Hee Jung Kim ) 기술경영경제학회 2006 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.14 No.3

In this study, we examine the effect of TRIPs on the relationship between R&D expenditures and patent applications in manufacturing firms. The first set of tests examines the association between patent applications and R&D expenditures and firm specific factors such as firm size and capital intensity. The next set of tests adds environmental factors including R&D intensity of the industry and development of TRIPs. We divide the sample period into three subperiods according to the progress of TRIPs: subperiod 1(1984-1988) before TRIPs, subperiod 2(1989-1994) after negotiation of TRIPs and subperiod 3(1995-2000) after agreement on TRIPs. Regression model reveals that the coefficient on firm size is significantly positive over the all sample period, while that of R&D expenditures of R&D intensive firms is significantly positive in subperiod 2 and 3(1989-2000) and that of capital intensity is significantly negative only in subperiod 3(1995-2000). The findings suggest that the efficient intellectual property system promotes the patent application of R&D intensive firms.

스마트팜 다부처 사업 연구 개발 방향

조성인(Seong In Cho) 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.5

1910년대 조선총독부의 금강산 관광개발

조성운(Cho Seong Woon) 한일민족문제학회 2016 한일민족문제연구 Vol.30 No.-

근대관광에 대한 연구가 21세기에 접어들면서 비교적 활발하게 이루어졌다. 독립운동사와 식민지 지배정책사연구를 중심으로 했던 한국근대사 연구가 20세기말 일상사 영역으로까지 연구 영역을 확대하면서 나타난 현상이라고 할 수 있다. 일상사의 연구에서 주의해야 할 점은 ‘근대(성)’를 어떻게 파악하는가 하는 데 있다고 할 수 있다. 즉 ‘근대(성)’가 ‘나’의 일상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 하는 것을 보다 면밀히 파악해야 한다. 다시 말하면 식민지를 경험한 우리의 입장에서는 근대문물의 수용에 따라 ‘나’의 생활이 어떻게 변화하였는가도 연구해야 하겠지만 그 근대문물이 어떠한 방식으로 ‘나’의 생활을 변화시켰는가도 연구해야 한다는 것이다. 근대관광1)은 이러한 점에서 매우 유용한 주제가 될 수 있다. 근대 관광은 산업화와 대중화라는 특성을 갖는다. 이는 식민지 근대관광의 경우도 마찬가지이다. 다만 식민지라는 특성상 식민지 근대관광은 산업화, 대중화하면서도 다른 한편으로는 피지배민족을 야만시하는 이중의 시선이 작용하는 것이다. 그리하여 식민지에서의 관광개발은 산업화로서의 관광개발, 지역개발이 이루어지는 동시에 피지배민족에대한 지배민족의 우월감, 지배민족에 대한 피지배민족의 열등감을 강조하는 방식으로 이루어졌다. 여기에 일본의 경우에는 대내외적으로 자신들의 식민지 지배가 식민지 조선의 근대적 발전을 이루어냈다는 선전효과도 필요하였다. 그리하여 식민지 조선의 발전상을 대내외에 선전하기 위한 각종 자료나 사진집을 출판하고 서구 각국에 배포하였던 것이다. 이러한 일제의 식민지 지배정책에 부합하는 선전대상은 금강산 관광이라 할 수 있다. 금강산은 당시 식민지 조선의 실상을 대내외에 선전할 수 있는 대표적인 상징물이었기 때문이다. 식민지시기 금강산 관광에 대해서는 몇 편의 연구가 제출되었다.2) 이 연구들은 주로 기행문이나 사진 자료 등을 텍스트로 분석한 것이어서 조선총독부의 금강산 관광개발 추진 과정이나 추진 주체 등에 대해서는 거의 알 수 없다. 따라서 금강산 관광개발의 과정이나 그 주체에 대한 연구가 시급하다고 할 것이다. 이는 더 나아가 조선총독부 혹은 일본제국주의가 식민지 근대관광을 추진한 정책을 파악하는데도 매우 유용한 작업이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 본고는 1910년대 조선총독부의 금강산 관광개발의 추진과정과 그 내용을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 개항 이후 금강산 관광에 대한 논의를 살핌으로써 금강산 관광개발이 조선총독부 혹은 일제의 아이디어에서 나온 것만이 아니라 대한제국 이래 근대산업으로서의 관광개발이 논의되었다는 점을 먼저 밝히고자 한다. 그리고 일제의 조선 강점 직후인 1915년 조선총독부가 개최한 조선물산공진회를 계기로 금강산 관광개발을 본격화하는 과정을 살핀다. 이는 1914년 경원선 개통 이후 금강산에 대한 접근성을 강화하기 위한 도로의 건설과 숙박시설의 정비, 통신시설의 설치를 중심으로 살필 것이다. 이를 통해 금강산 관광개발이 본격화된 것은 1910년대이며 이는 조선물산공진회의 개최를 통해 식민지 지배를 통해 조선이 근대적으로 발전하였다는 것을 대내외에 알리고자 하였던 조선총독부의 정책에 기인한 것이라는 점을 파악할 수 있을 것이다. 참고로 본고에서는 대한제국과 조선총독부의 관광정책에 대한 자료를 아직 발견하지 못한 관계로 주로 ꡔ독립신문ꡕ과 ꡔ매일신보ꡕ 등 당시에 발행되었던 신문기사를 기본 자료로 활용하였음을 밝혀둔다. 그리고 향후 지금까지의 연구 성과를 바탕으로 조선총독부 혹은 일제의 지배정책을 실증적으로 파악하는 연구가 보다 활성화되기를 기대한다. Geumgang Mountains touring development after Japan’s occupation of Korea by force was proceeded under the control of the Japanese Government- Genetal of Korea. We could confirm that Geumgang Mountains touring development officially initiated after the competitive exhibition of Chosun local products that is opened at 1915. This Geumgangsan Mountains touring development is judged to have reflected the demands of local residents regarding the opening of Gyeongwon line and related lands devlopment at 1914. The foremost matter to be repaired and constructed for Geumgang Mountains touring development was the terminal route from Wonsan station, terminal station of Gyeongwon line, to Geumgang Mountains, and thus, this traffic route fundamentally possessed the traits of a sightseeing road. The cooperation of military police unit stationed at the region was essential for the construction of Geumgang Mountains’ sightseeing road, owing to safety matters in a road construction procedure. Furthermore, Gangwon-do Province or its county office helped as road construction had the trait of land development, and sponsoring organization operated to facilitate public involvement. As one can see in the case of Seong Suyeong especially, there are cases in which private citizens voluntarily donate their own lands and assets to repair and construct roads. This shows the passion of locals on the land development of their region. Road construction was premised on the running of vehicles, and vehicles running on Geumgang Mountains roads have appeared. As such, Geumgang Mountains touring have become much more convenient after road traffic activated. Traffic that took one night and two days from Gyeongseong from Geumgang Mountains now takes one day if one uses Gyeongwon line and roads. Therefore, I believe that touring days or expenses have gone cheaper. Along with a road construction, another matter that the Japanese Government-General of Korea had paid attention was the expansion of accommodations. During 1910s, inns managed by Japanese amd Koreans were established in Geumgang Mountains. However, there were no accomodations for Westernerd, so Western style hotels were built at Onjeong-ri and Jang-an temple with the competitive exhibition of Korean local products as a turningpoint. These hotels were managed by the Railway Bureau of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, but civilians didn’t visit them a lot because the costs were too high for civilians. Considering that the registering rate of Onjeong-ri hotel and Jang-an temple hotel at 1924 were under 20%, only 17.5% and 19.3% accordingly, the Japanese Government-General of Korea would have taken the business of other inns around Geumgang Mountains into consideration. In addition, it /endeavored for the safety and communication of tourists through the establishment of information and guarding facilities. In conclusion, Geumgang Mountains touring development officially initiated since the competitive exhibitions of Korean local products at 1915 was realized according to the policy of the Japanese Government-General of Korea. Therefore, Geumgang Mountains touring development of the Japanese Government-General of Korea during 1910s was achieved as a part of colonization policy. This was in effect in order to notice domestic and foreign countries that the modernization of colony Chosun was possible through the colonization. 日本帝国主義の朝鮮の強制占領以来、金剛山の観光開発は朝鮮総督府の主導の下で進められた。1915年に開催された朝鮮物産共進会をきっかけに金剛山の観光開発は本格化した。こうした金剛山の観光開発は、1914年の京元線の開通とこれに伴う地域開発という地域住民の要求が反映したものと考えられる。金剛山の観光開発にあたって最優先に考慮すべきことは京元線の終着駅である元山駅から金剛山に至る交通路の整備、建設であって、この交通路は基本的には観光道路の性格を有するものであった。金剛山のළ

한ㆍ중ㆍ일 자동차산업의 고용관계 비교

조성재(Seong-Jae Cho) 한국노동연구원 2006 노동정책연구 Vol.6 No.2

도요타 생산방식의 세계적 확산 속에서 각국 자동차산업의 고용관계가 수렴할 것인가, 다양성을 지속할 것인가에 대한 논쟁이 서구를 중심으로 전개되어 왔는데 최근에는 ‘수렴된 다양성’이라는 새로운 해석이 제기되기도 한다. 본고에서는 한국ㆍ중국ㆍ일본이라는 동북아 3국에서 자동차산업의 고용관계가 어떻게 변화하고 있는가를 비정규직의 활용 실태를 중심으로 비교함으로써 동북아시아 고용관계의 특성을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 국 대표 자동차기업들에 대한 방문조사 등을 통하여 글로벌 경쟁이 심화됨에 따라 비정규직이 빠르게 증가해 왔음을, 그리고 그 근본적 요인으로서 정규직 핵심인력의 보호 동기가 공통적으로 작동하고 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 임금체계, 작업조직, 승진 및 훈련, 그리고 비정규직에 대한 차별적 관행 등에서는 3국 3개 대표기업 간의 상당한 차이를 발견하였다. A new word, ‘converging divergences’ was made after severe controversy about whether there is convergence or divergence in employment relations of world auto industry. This study intended to shed light on the changing employment relations of three Northeast Asia, conducting comparative field survey on nonstandard workers at representative auto companies of each country, namely Toyota, Hyundai and Shanghai-Volkswagen. Three companies have common strategies that divide core and periphery workforces, that is, standard and nonstandard workers, and the ratio of nonstandard workers has commonly increased in these years. However, the modes of managing nonstandard workers differ considerably with companies and countries.

노년인구의 수요 특성에 기반한 주거환경 분석과 공간적 불일치성에 관한 연구

조성아(Seong A Cho) 대한지리학회 2017 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

교육관에 기초한 학교 환경교육의 목적 고찰

조성화(Seong-Hoa Cho),최돈형(Don-Hyung Choi) 한국환경교육학회 2008 環境 敎育 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of Environmental subject in the Korean school is pretty much similar to that of international organization. Because it doesn't apply the characteristics of School Edu-cation to environmental education, this school environmental education purpose needs to be discussed. The purpose of this study is to establish the reasonable purpose of school environmental education by analyzing the educational views. This study have been done through review of research literature, which usually includes references and papers on environmental education, school environmental education, educational point of view, educational purpose. It analyzed three kinds of views on education: technological view on education, initiation view on education, socialization view on education. The results are as follows: The purpose of school environmental education from technological view on education is environmental education activity itself that educates students to put the environmental preservation value into action. Initiation view on education aims at school environmental education as activities that instruct students on intellectual ability in order to develop a comprehensive view of intelligence. The purpose of environmental education in school on the basis of socialization view on education focuses on activities that authoritative teachers transmit the social value of environmental preservation to students in school.

환경교육과 신입생의 입학 동기 및 환경에 대한 인식 변화

조성화(Seong-Hoa Cho),최돈형(Don-Hyung Choi) 한국환경교육학회 2007 環境 敎育 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this research is to study motivation of freshmen in Environmental Education Department for choosing their major, and their environmental awareness in overall. The subject for this research is twenty freshmen, majoring Environmental Education at Korea National University of Education in 2007, and methods of the research include survey through questionnaires, reviewing literature of the field, and conference with experts in Environmental Education. After the research, six freshmen's motivation for choosing Environmental Education as their major changed positively. Awareness of the environment in residential area changed somewhat negatively, while awareness of the nation's overall environment changed positively. Subjects' recognition for the need of Environmental Education was generally negative in both the first and second surveys whereas that of sustainable society changed more remarkably throughout the surveys. Most subject thought that the most important issue Environmental teachers should teach is proper attitudes towards and reasonable actions for the environment.

초등학교 교사의 인지발달 수준 및 직무헌신도와 장학유형 선호도와의 관계

조성일 ( Seong Il Cho ),최태숙 ( Tae Sook Choi ) 건국대학교 교육연구소 2004 교사와 교육(구 교육논집) Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Supervision in relation to elementary teachers`` developmental levels and job commitment. This study will give some implications in order to increase the efffectiveness of supervision in elementary schools. The results of this study would be summarized as follows : 1. There was statistically significant difference in teachers`` job commitmen and teachers`` cognitive developmental levels. 2. There was statistically significant difference in teachers`` preferred supervisory styles by their job commitment. The better he achieved cognitive development, the more he preferred a non-directive supervisory style, cooperative supervisory styles.

두 모집단 비율 비교에서 상대위험도와 승산비에 기초한 표본크기 추정

조성경 ( Seong Kyung Cho ),강위창 ( Wee Chang Kang ),채성산 ( Seong San Chae ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2011 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Objectives: We suggested a method of calculating sample size to compare the relative risk or the odds ratio, in which we used the asymptotic distribution of the logarithm of its estimator. The empirical power of the proposed sample size was investigated through simulation studies. Methods: The proposed formula of calculating sample size was derived based on the score test statistic induced by the asymptotic distribution of the logarithm of the estimated relative risk or the estimated odds ratio. Through some simulation studies the empirical power of the proposed sample size was compared with that of the sample size formulated from the asymptotic distribution of the difference between two estimated proportions. Results: When true relative risks or odds ratios were greater than 1, the power of the proposed sample size was more close to the intended power than that of the sample size obtained by the commonly used formula in the comparison of two proportions. Conclusions: When the comparison of two proportions should be carried out with the relative risk or odds ratio, the proposed formulas gave us more valid sample size than the formula derived by the test statistic of the difference between two proportions.

Documenting Stage Censorship and Ki Kuk-Seo’s Hamlet

Seong-kwan Cho(조성관) 한국셰익스피어학회 2016 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.52 No.4

Productions of Shakespeare’s revenge tragedy Hamlet have engaged with Korean politics since the 1980s. The inception of politicizing Hamlet was Ki Kuk-seo’s renditions (1981, 1982 and 1985) of the tragedy at a time when a playwright must jeopardize his or her life to write about contemporary political realities, the Gwangju massacre or the murder of the president Park Chung-hee, because there were suspicious deaths and tortures. Even if a playwright attempted to address contemporary political issues, such a script could not pass the stage censorship of KPPEC that silenced “rebellious” or “decadent” artists from 1975 to 1988. However, any Western classic work was unlikely to be suspected of being used for a contemporary political purpose, at least, from the perspective of governmental officers. Ki Kuk-seo chose Hamlet for disclosing what was hidden by the then authoritarian government and reflecting on the bloody history of the early 1980s, as he believed that the Shakespearean play included those materials that naturally matched the contemporary Korean politics. This essay investigates the Korean political context in the 1980s and shows how a politically safe text as believed by KPPEC became a dangerous one. Ki’s Hamlet reflected Chun Doo-hwan’s early reign of terror with its portrayal of Hamlet as a defeated young man. Not only its political nature, Ki’s brave experiment (deconstructing Shakespearean text to create his own script) influenced his contemporaries to look upon Shakespeare’s writing as raw material that can be treated as a malleable aesthetic resource.