The Vasodilating Mechanism of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in 2-kidney 1 Clip Renovascular Hypertensive Rats

정진영,안영철,김헌식,고규영,안희열,김명석,Jung, Jin-Young,Ahn, Young-Chul,Kim, Hun-Sik,Koh, Gou-Young,Ahn, Hee-Yul,Kim, Myung-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 2-kidney 1 clip (2K-1C) 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐에서 심방이뇨펩이드의 혈관 이완작용의 기전을 규명하고 정상혈압흰쥐에서의 혈관이완작용과 비교하는 것이다. 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐는 정상혈압흰쥐에 비하여 평균동맥압의 유의한 상승과 혈장레닌활성의 증가가 관찰되었다. 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐의 대동맥에서 norepinephrine (NE)의 수축력의 감수성 및 최대 수축력이 정상혈압흰쥐의 대동맥보다 증가하였다. 심방이뇨펩타이드는 NE에 의한 수축을 농도-의존적으로 각각의 혈압군에서 억제하였다. 그러나, 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐에서 심방이뇨펩타이드의 NE 억제 작용은 전체적으로 정상혈압흰쥐에서 보다 감소되었다. 그러나 최대 용량의 심방이뇨펩타이드의 NE 이완작용은 양 고혈압군에서 차이가 없었다. 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐에서 NE에 의하여 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입이 유의하게 증가하였고, 심방이뇨펩타이드는 이 증가를 억제하였다. 정상혈압흰쥐에서도 심방이뇨펩타이드는 NE에 의하여 유의하게 증가된 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입을 억제하였다. 이상과 같은 결과로 볼 때 정상혈압흰쥐와 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐의 심방이뇨펩타이드의 이완작용의 기전에는 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입 차단이 관여할 것으로 추측되며, 이때 심방이뇨펩타이드의 NE 수축억제에 대한 potency는 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압 흰쥐에서 감소하였으나 efficacy는 정상혈압흰쥐와 비교하여 변함이 없음이 관찰되었다. The objectives of this study is to find out mechanism of vasodilating effects of ANP in 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive rat aorta and to compare with those of normotensive rat aorta. In 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive rat, average arterial blood pressure and plasma renin activity were higher than in normotensive rat. In 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive rat aorta, NE sensitivity was more increased and maximal contraction of aorta by NE was higher than those of normotensive rat aorta. ANP inhibited NE-induced contraction in both 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive and normotensive rat aorta, concentration-dependently. However, ANP was less effective for relaxing NE-induced contraction in 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive rat aorta than in normotensive rat aorta. ANP inhibited $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake induced by NE in both 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive and normotensive rat aorta. From these results. inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ influx may be one of the vasodilating mechanism of ANP in 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive rat aorta. Although the potency of ANP in relaxing NE-induced contractions was attenuated, the efficacy of ANP was not changed in 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive rat aorta compared with that of ANP in normotensive rat aorta. Abbreviations: ANP, Atrial natriuretic peptide; 2K-1C, 2-kidney 1 clip; NE, norepinephrine; SHR, Spontaneously hypertensive rat; DOC, Deoxycorticosterone; EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid; PSS, Physiological salt solution; TRIS, tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane

소아 중환자실에 입원한 혈액-종양 환아에서 발생한 폐 합병증의 원인과 예후에 대한 분석

정진영,홍수종,안영준,김자형,서종진,문형남,김태형,Jung, Jin Young,Hong, Soo-Jong,An, Young Jun,Kim, Ja Hyung,Seo, Jong Jin,Moon, Hyung Nam,Ghim, Thad 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.8

Purpose : In the course of treatment, patients with hematological or oncological disorders often develop pulmonary complication. The patients who develop a severe pulmonary complication have a poor outlook. The causes of pulmonary complication are either infectious or non-infectious in origin. We have analyzed the etiology and outcome of these patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of Asan Medical Center. Methods : Medical records of 95 patients on Pediatric oncology service who were admitted to pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) of Asan Medical Center from Jan 1997 to May 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The mean age of the patients was 8.5 years(2 months-18 years). The underlying malignancies of these 95 patients were as following; acute lymphoblastic leukemia(31 cases), lymphoma (11 cases), acute myeloid leukemia(nine cases), brain tumor(eight cases) and other solid tumors(25 cases). Pulmonary complications included pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, pneumothorax and pleural effusion. The most common cause of pulmonary complication was infection(88%) in etiology. The overall mortality rate was 56.8%. Pulmonary complications in these patients carried high rates of mortality regardless of whether they were immune compromised(76%) or not(69%). Even without pulmonary complications, the hematological or oncological patients admitted to PICU had high mortality rates of 43%. Conclusion : Pulmonary complications are frequent finding in the hematological or oncological patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit. The main etiology of these pulmonary complications was infection, which carried a high mortality rate regardless of their immune status at the time when they were admitted to PICU. 목 적 : 혈액-종양 환자에서 항암화학요법으로 치료하는 과정 중에서 중증 폐 질환 합병증이 발생할 수 있다. 그 원인으로는 감염성 또는 비 감염성의 원인들이 있고 특히 이들 환자에서 폐 질환 합병증 또는 호흡부전으로 인한 인공환기 치료시에는 예후가 나쁘다고 알려져 있다. 저자들은 본원 소아 중환자실에 입원한 혈액-종양 환아에서 면역 저하상태(절대 호중구수 < $1,000/mm^3$)의 지표의 하나인 호중구 감소증과 폐합병증의 유무에 따른 원인과 예후를 분석하였다. 방 법: 1997년 1월부터 2001년 5월까지 서울중앙병원 소아 중환자실에 입원한 혈액-종양 환아 95명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 폐 합병증의 원인과 진단 방법, 호중구 감소상태와 폐 합병증의 유무에 따른 사망률을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 연령 분포는 생후 2개월에서 18세까지 평균 8.5세였고, 원인 혈액-종양 질환으로는 급성 림프성 백혈병 31명, 급성 골수성 백혈병 9명, 림프선 종양 11명, 뇌종양 8명, 고형종양 25명, 그 외 혈액질환이 11명이었다. 95명의 환아 중 중환자실 입원당시의 원인으로는 패혈증 23명(24%), 패혈증을 동반한 폐렴 22명(23%), 급성 호흡부전 12명(12.5%), 의식소실 16명(17%), 급성 신부전, 심부전의 기타 질환이 15명(16%)이었다. 이들 중에서 폐 합병증을 동반한 환아는 42명(44%), 동반하지 않은 환아는 53명(56%)이었다. 폐 합병증으로는 폐렴, 늑막삼출, 급성호흡부전, 기흉이 있었다. 폐 합병증이 있는 환아 중 호중구 감소상태의 환아는 29명(69%), 호중구 감소상태가 아닌 환아는 13명(31%)이었다. 원인으로는 감염성인 경우가 37명(88%), 비 감염성인 경우가 2명(5%)이었고, 구분이 어려운 경우가 3명(7%)이었다. 시행된 각각의 검체에서 균이 검출된 빈도를 비교하면 혈액배양검사는 42명중 15명(36%), 객담검사는 42명 중 7명(16%), 소변 배양검사는 42명 중 3명(7%), 인공환기요법 중인 환아에서 시행한 기도내 분비물 배양검사는 28명 중 5명(18%)이었다. 주요 원인균으로는 Candida species 12명(33%), MRSA 6명(17%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4명(11%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 4명(11%)이었다. 골수이식술을 받은 환자는 모두 10명으로 이중 7명에서 폐 합병증이 있었고, 원인균이 동정된 경우는 모두 3명으로 각각 S.maltophilia, K.pneumoniae, Parainfluenza virus이었다. 10명의 환아 중 8명이 사망하였고 사망 원인으로는 폐혈증이 5명, 급성호흡부전 증후군이 2명, 뇌출혈이 1명이었다. 전체 사망률은 56.8%였고, 사망률을 보면 이중 폐 합병증이 있고 호중구 감소상태의 환아는 76%(22명), 폐 합병증이 있으나 호중구 감소상태가 아닌 환아는 69% (9명), 폐 합병증이 없으나 호중구 감소상태의 환아는 46%(7명), 폐 합병증이 없으며 호중구 감소상태가 아닌 환아는 43%(16명)이었다. 결 론 : 중환자실에 입원한 혈액-종양 환아에서 폐 합병증의 원인으로 감염성인 경우가 많았다. 사망률은 폐 합병증이 있는 경우가 없는 경우에 비해 높았으며, 특히 폐 합병증이 있는 환아 중 호중구 감소상태의 환아에서 사망률이 높았다. 이 결과로 미루어 폐 합병증이 있는 혈액-종양 환자에서 더 적극적인 원인 규명과 치료를 시도해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

식도 평활근종증이 동반된 Alport 증후군 1례

정진영,김철민,임연정,김자형,유종우,최보화,홍수종,박영서,Jung, Jin Young,Kim, Cheol-Min,Lim, Yean Jung,Kim, Ja Hyung,You, Chong Woo,Choi, Bo-Hwa,Hong, Soo-Joung,Park, Young Seo 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.9

저자들은 반복적인 천명과 폐렴을 주소로 내원한 환아에서 식도 평활근종이 동반된 Alport 증후군 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. We report a case of Alport syndrome associated with esophageal leiomyomatosis, presenting as recurrent pneumonia. A 5-year old girl who had a history of cataract visited the out patient clinic with a complaint of recurrent wheezing and respiratory difficulty which had started five months previously. Chest magnetic resonance image(MRI) and esophagography, checked on the suspicion of achalasia, revealed esophageal leiomyomatosis and renal biopsy revealed Alport syndrome. In the pediatric population, this tumor is a rare cause of dysphagia and is often misdiagnosed as an esophageal motility disorder. Although a number of Alport syndrome associated with leiomyomatosis were reported in the literature, this is a second case report presented with recurrent pneumonia in Korea.

통규탕(通竅湯)이 알레르기 비염 모델 횐 쥐에 미치는 영향

정진영,김윤범,Jung, Jin-Young,Kim, Yoon-Bum 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2005 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Background and Objectives: Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction characterized by sneezingm itchy nose, mouth and throat, congestion and/or nasal discharge. The offending allergenes are usually pollens, molds, dust mites and animal allergen. Recently, the incidence of infectious nasal diseases tend to decrease. However, allergic rhinitis has increased and treatment in most cases has only deat with the symptom. Tongkyu-tang was composed of sixteen crude drugs. The Oriental Medical References mention therapeutic effects of Tongkyu-tang on nasal obstruction, watery nasal discharg. And Tongkyu-tang has clinically been used for the treatment of common cold, headache, sternutation, rhinitis etc. Speacially Tongkyu-tang is one of the most frequently used medical treatment for the allergic rhinitis. Experimental studies were conducted to investigate for the effect of Tongkyu-tang on the changes of neutrophil segment, lymphocyte, total IgE and nassal tissue in allergic rhinitis of ovalbumin-inhalation rat. Meterial and Methods: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three group: normal group, control group, experimental group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and experimental group, rats were sentitized intraperitoneally with 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of I week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rat in the experimental group were oral administration treated by Tongkyu-tang for 28 days. We observed changes in nasal tissue; changes in the number of white blood cell, red blood cell and total Ig E; also changes in the segment of neutrophil and lymphocyte in blood. And we observed the changes of AST, ALT of three group. We used anova test statistically. Result: The number of leucocyte remained unchanged between three group. The number of erythrocyte was increased in experimental group and control group when compared with the normal group. The segment of neutrophil, in blood was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The promotion of lymphocyte in blood was significantly decreased in experimental group when compared with the Control group(p<0.05). Total IgE was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The cilium be well preserved in experimental group: the nasal tissue in experimental group was similar to in the normal group. Congestion and expantion of grandular cell in nasal submucosa, hypertropy of epithelium in nasal mucosa, acid mucus in epithelium and neutral mucus in subepithelium were decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group. Effect of Tongkyu-tang on the liver function were also studies in rats. Treatment of Tongkyu-lang did not affected on AST and ALT. Conclusion: Considering the above experimental results, it is suggested that oral administration treatment using Tongkyu-lang, without worry about liver function injury, decreased response on an Animal model with Allergic Rhinitis.

난치성 암성 통증 제어를 위한 뇌정위적 대상회 절개술

정진영,장종희,장진우,박용구,정상섭,Jung, Jin Young,Chang, Jong Hee,Chang, Jin Woo,Park, Yong Gou,Chung, Sang Sup 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.4

Objective : Although cingulotomy has been applied to patients with affective disorders more frequently, there are numerous reports of its use for the control of severe pain. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of stereotactic bilateral anterior cingulotomy for intractable cancer pain. Method : Between January and June, 2000, we underwent stereotactic bilateral anterior cingulotomy in 6 patients for intractable cancer pain with poor response to opioids. The patients were suffering from widespread musculoskeletal or visceral pain. We made four lesions along the two tracks on either side of the cingulate cortex. Result : In all patients, pain reliefs after cingulotomy were dramatic and immediate. Five out of six patients did not require any opioids and one patient could reduce dose of opioids. There were no deaths or serious complications related to the procedure. Conclusion : These results suggested that a bilateral anterior cingulotomy might be useful method to control intractable cancer pain associated with the widespread metastatic disease. To provide rationale of bilateral anterior cingulotomy in intractable cancer pain, the theoretical mechanisms and role of bilateral anterior cingulotomy are discussed, along with our surgical techniques and the course of our patients.

유기성폐기물의 바이오에너지화 현황과 전망

정진영,Jung, Jin-Young 대한환경공학회 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.9

유기농업 발전방향과 CSA운동의 지역주민 참여방안에 대한 조사 연구(I)

정진영 ( Jin Young-jung ),손상목 ( Sang Mok-sohn ),김영호 ( Kim Young-ho ) 한국유기농업학회 2001 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

It was supposed that CSA could be one of the best way to promote the movement of organic agriculture since there is little reliability on the organically grown food by consumer. In the replies submitted to a questionnaire to farmer and consumer, both group responded that the need of development of cultivation technique for organic farming and the permitted substances for organic farming and production. Both of them also replied that it is necessary to establish the lectures or division/department for organic agriculture in the agricultural education program of University. Their response to CSA was so much positive that they are willing to participate the CSA farm as a active CSA farmers or consumers. Based on the evaluation of questionnaire survey, it was suggested to do the utmost efforts that farmer preferentially practice an organic farming, and consumer consciously buy an organic food to protect an ecosystem and environment pollution.

동아시아의 복수, 경제체제 간 마찰, 그리고 세계경제의 불균형

정진영(Jin-Young Jung) 한국정치학회 2010 한국정치학회보 Vol.44 No.1

G20 정상들은 피츠버그 회의에서 “강력하고 지속가능하며 균형잡힌 성장을 위한 프레임워크”에 합의했다. 세계경제가 또 다시 위기에 빠지지 않고 안정적인 성장을 지속하기 위해서는 세계경제의 불균형을 해소하는 재균형화가 이루어져야 한다는 점에 의견을 같이하고 이를 달성하기 위한 가이드라인을 제시한 것이다. 이 글에서 우리는 세계경제 불균형의 원인과 재균형화를 위한 국제적 조정의 문제를 다루고 있는데, 우리의 주장은 다음의 세 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 세계금융위기의 구조적 원인으로 작용한 세계경제의 불균형은 무정부적 국제통화ㆍ금융체제에서 동아시아 국가들이 자구적 수단으로 추구한 경상수지 흑자를 통한 외환보유고 확보 노력이 중요하게 기여한 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 1997-98년의 동아시아 위기를 통하여 엄청난 피해를 본 이 지역 국가들이 추구한 자구노력이 세계금융위기를 불러왔다는 점은 매우 역설적이다. 이를 우리는 동아시아의 복수라고 부를 만하다. 동아시아 지역통화협력의 진전도 아직까지는 위협적이지 않지만 잠재적으로 국제통화ㆍ금융체제의 개편을 촉진시킬 수 있다. 둘째, 동아시아 국가들, 특히 중국이 대규모 경상수지 흑자와 급속한 외환보유고 증대에 성공할 수 있었던 이유는 경제 체제적 특성에서 발견된다. 민간소비가 경제에서 차지하는 역할이 적고 높은 저축률과 투자율을 바탕으로 고속성장을 실현해온 동아시아 경제들은 수출주도형 전략이 효과적으로 추진될 수 있는 기반이 되었다. 그러나 이러한 체제적 차이와 이에 따른 마찰이 세계경제의 불안정 요인이 되고 있다. 셋째, 세계경제의 불균형이 국제통화ㆍ금융체제의 자력구제적 성격과 동아시아 경제들의 체제적 성격에 기인하고 있다는 점을 감안할 때, 불균형의 조정이 결코 쉽지 않을 것임을 알 수 있다. 시장을 통한 조정은 동아시아 국가들, 특히 중국의 경제가 자유시장경제가 아니기 때문에 한계가 있고, 국가들의 독자적인 행동을 통한 조정은 중국의 국가주도적 발전전략과 더불어 기축통화국인 미국의 약탈적 부담 떠넘기기 전략의 유혹 때문에 성공하기 어렵다. 국제협력을 통한 조정도 패권국이 존재하지 않는 상황에서 근본적인 해결책보다 임시적인 미봉책이나 기술적인 문제들의 해결에 그칠 것으로 보인다. 두 경제강국이 조정의 부담을 서로에게 떠넘기려고 싸우면 세계경제질서는 매우 위험한 상태에 빠질 수 있다. 그러나 두 강국은 이 게임이 제로섬 게임이 아니라는 사실도 잘 인식하고 있다. 자국을 위해서도 스스로의 조정이 필요하다. 세 차원에서의 조정 노력이 세계경제질서의 문제들을 깔끔히 정리하지는 못하겠지만 위기를 극복하고 얼마간의 성장을 가능하게 하는 조건을 만드는 데는 성공할 것이다. 이번 위기가 세계적 수준의 대규모 위기이기는 하지만 세계경제질서의 대전환이 이루어질 수 있는 상황은 아니다. At the Pittsburgh Summit on September 24-25, 2009, leaders of G20 countries agreed to “A Framework for Strong, Sustainable, and Balanced Growth” as guidelines for policies to be adopted by member countries. They shared the opinion that the world economy should be rebalanced in order not to fall into another crisis and the rebalancing process should be proceeded in a way that brings strong and sustainable world economic growth. In this paper we deal with why the global imbalances emerged and how to rebalance them by allocating the burden of adjustment costs among major imbalanced countries. We develop three interrelated arguments here. First, East Asian countries’ pursuit of accumulating massive foreign reserves through current account surpluses as a self-help measure in the world of anarchical international monetary and financial system greatly contributed to the rise of global imbalances. It is paradoxical that 1997-98 crisis-hit East Asian countries’ self-help efforts to avoid another crisis resulted in a global crisis. This is why the current global crisis can be perceived as East Asian’s revenge. Second, the main reason why East Asian countries, especially China, could succeed in accumulating massive foreign reserves can be found in the characteristics of these countries’ economic systems. They importantly include the low rate of private consumption and the very high savings and investment rates in the economy, which laid the foundation for export-led economic growth. Third, considering that global imbalances are based on the self-help nature of the international monetary and financial system and the characteristics of East Asian economic systems, we expect that the process of international adjustment of global imbalances is going to be difficult and conflictual. Market-led adjustment is limited due to the very fact that East Asian economies, especially the Chinese economy, are not fully market-based ones. Individual states’ efforts are not going to be satisfactory because China wants to maintain the existing state-led development strategy, while the United States is easily succumbed to the temptation of using its power as the key currency country to pass its burdens to the rest of the world. International cooperation through an international institution or forum such as G20 is certainly wanted and desirable, but its success is circumscribed by the very absence of a hegemonic state. However, this does not mean that the current situation will inevitably lead to another major crisis. Adjustments on each of the three levels are going on and the world economy can muddle through the current mess and maintain its road to recovery for the time being. Simply the world is not ready for a major transition at the moment of the current crisis.

혐기성 암모늄 산화균의 활성에 대한 식종미생물, 히드라진 및 아질산성 질소 농도의 영향

정진영 ( Jin Young Jung ),강신현 ( Shin Hyun Kang ),김영오 ( Young O Kim ),정윤철 ( Yun Chul Chung ) 한국물환경학회 2005 한국물환경학회지 Vol.21 No.5

양돈폐수처리시 실규모 이단 혐기성공정의 성능 및 메탄회수

정진영 ( Jin Young Jung ),정윤철 ( Yun Chul Chung ),강신현 ( Shin Hyun Kang ),정형숙 ( Hyung Sook Chung ) 한국물환경학회 2005 한국물환경학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performances of organic removal and methane recovery by using a full scale two-phase anaerobic system. The full scale two-phase anaerobic process was consists of an acidogenic anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and a methanognic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The volumes of acidogenic and methanogenic reactors were designed to 28.3 ㎥ and 75.3 ㎥. The two-phase anaerobic system represented 60-82% of COD removal efficiency when the influent COD concentration was in the range of 7,150 to 16,270 ㎎/L after screening (average concentration is 10,280 ㎎/L). After steady-state, the effluent COD concentration in the methanogenic reactor showed 2,740±330 ㎎/L by representing average COD removal efficiency was 71.4±8.1% when the operating temperature was in the range of 19-32℃. The effluent SCOD concentration was in the range of 2,000-3,000 ㎎/L at the steady state while the volatile fatty acid concentration was not detected in the effluent. Meanwhile, the COD removal efficiency in the acidogenic reactor showed less than 5%. The acidogenic reactor played key roles to reduce a shock-loading when periodic shock loading was applied and to acidify influent organics. Due to the high concentration of alkalinity and high pH in the effluent of the methanogenic reactor, over 80% of methane in the biogas was produced consistently. More than 70% of methane was recovered from theoretical methane production of TCOD removed in this research. The produced gas can be directly used as a heat source to increase the reactor temperature.