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넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus에 nalidixic acid, piromidic acid, oxolinic acid의 경구투여 약물동태에 미치는 수온의 영향
정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),최동림 ( Dong Lim Choi ),지보영 ( Bo Young Jee ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ) 한국어병학회 2010 한국어병학회지 Vol.23 No.1
퀴놀론계 항균제인 nalidixic acid(OA), piromidic acid(PA), oxolinic acid(OA)를 사육수온(13±1.5℃, 23±1.5℃)에 따라서 넙치(평균체중 700g)에 60㎎/㎏의 농도로 1회 경구 투여한 다음, 경시적인 혈청내 잔류농도를 분석하였다. 수온이 23±1.5℃의 경우, 투여 후 NA는 10시간째 (11.55㎍/㎖), PA는 24시간째(3.79㎍/㎖), OA는 30시간째(1.12㎍/㎖)에 각각 최대혈중농도에 도달하였다. 수온이 13±1.5℃의 경우, 투여 후 NA는 10시간째(6.36㎍/㎖), PA는 15시간째(1.4㎍/㎖), OA는 30시간째(1.01㎍/㎖)에 각각 최대혈중농도에 도달하였다. NA와 PA의 넙치 혈중내 흡수정도는 수온 13±1.5℃보다 수온 23±1.5℃에서 매우 높게 나타났으며, NA의 넙치 혈중내 소실정도는 수온 13±1.5℃보다 수온 23±1.5℃에서 두드러지게 빨랐다. 한편 OA의 넙치 혈중내 흡수 및 소실정도는 사육수온에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. NA 및 PA는 one-compartment model, OA는 two-compartment model로 해석하여 WinNonlin program을 이용, 약물동태학적 매개변수(parameter)를 조사하였다. 수온이 23±1.5℃의 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 NA, PA, OA가 각각 258.26, 248.12 및 138.20㎍?h/㎖, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간(Tmax)은 10.67, 21.15 및 23.95 h, 혈중최고농도(Cmax)는 8.91, 3.09 및 1.06㎍/㎖로 계산되었다. 수온이 13±1.5℃의 경우, AUC는 NA, PA, OA가 각각 341.45, 103.89 및 159.10㎍?h/㎖, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간은 7.72, 12.89 및 28.03 h, 혈중최고농도는 6.23, 1.22 및 1.02㎍/㎖로 계산되었다. Effects of temperature (13±1.5℃, 23±1.5℃) on the pharmacokinetic properties of nalidixic acid (NA), piromidic acid (PA) and oxolinic acid (OA) were studied after oral administration to cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Serum concentrations of these antimicrobials were determined after oral administration of a single dosage of 60㎎/㎏body weight (average 700g). At 23±1.5℃, the peak serum concentrations of NA, PA and OA, which attained at 10 h, 24 h and 30 h post-dose, were 11.55, 3.79 and 1.12㎍/㎖, respectively. At 13±1.5℃, the peak serum concentrations of NA, PA and OA, which attained at 10 h, 15 h and 30 h post-dose, were 6.36, 1.4 and 1.01㎍/㎖, respectively. Better absorption of NA and PA was noted at 23±1.5℃ compared to 13±1.5℃. The elimination of NA from serum of olive flounder was considerably faster at 23±1.5℃ than at 13±1.5℃. However, both absorption and elimination of OA were not affected significantly by temperature. The kinetic profile of absorption, distribution and elimination of these antimicrobials in serum were analyzed by fitting to a one-and two compartment model, with WinNonlin program. In the one compartment model for NA, AUC, Tmax and Cmax at 23±1.5℃ were 258.26㎍·h/㎖, 10.67 h and 8.91㎍/㎖, respectively. The AUC, Tmax and Cmax at 13±1.5℃ were 341.45㎍·h/㎖, 7.72 h and 6.23㎍/ ㎖, respectively. In the one compartment model for PA, AUC, Tmax and Cmax at 23±1.5℃ were 248.12㎍·h/㎖, 21.15 h and 3.09㎍/㎖, respectively. The AUC, Tmax and Cmax at 13±1.5℃ were 103.89㎍·h/ ㎖, 12.89 h and 1.22㎍/㎖, respectively. In the two compartment model for OA, AUC, Tmax and Cmax at 23±1.5℃ were 138.20㎍·h/㎖, 23.95 h and 1.06㎍/㎖, respectively. The AUC, Tmax and Cmax at 13±1.5℃ were 159.10㎍·h/㎖, 28.03 h and 1.02㎍/㎖, respectively.
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잔류 항균물질에 대한 미생물학적 간이검사법의 검출감도 비교
정승희(Sung Hee Jung),김진우(Jin Woo Kim),손상규(Sang Gyu Son) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.3
Minimun-detectable levels to 28 antibacterial agents used for the prevention and the treatment of fish diseases were determined to establish optimal detective method of bioassay in fish by the EEC 4-plate method, the modified method of EEC 4-plate and the standard method of analysis in food safety regulation. The test organisms used in the methods of bioassay were as follows: Bacillus subtilis BGA(B. subtilis)and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341(M. luteus) in the EEC 4-plate method, B. subtilis, M. luteus, and Bacillus cereus var. mycoides ATCC 11778(B. cereus) in the EEC 4-plate and B. subtilis, M. luteus, B. cereus and Bacillus stearothermophilis var. calidolactis C-953 (B. starothermophilis)in the standard method. The standard method showed predominant sensitivity in the detection of penicillins(PCs), and was also highly sensitive to aminoglycosides (AGs). The sensitivity of standard method in the detection of tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides(MLs), nitrofuran derivatives(NFs) and quinolones(Qns) was very low, and against sulfonamides (SAs), however, was extremely low. The modified method of EEC 4-plate showed very high sensitivity to TCs. Both the EEC 4-plate and the modified method of EEC 4-plate showed competitively high sensitivity in the detection of PCs, MLs, NFs, QNs and SAs. All the methods studied in the experiment showed very low sensitivity against chloramphenicol (CMs). Consequently, the modified method of EEC 4-plate was the best bioassay method with a wide .range of sensitivity for the optimal detection of the residual antibacterial agents in fish.
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Ampicillin의 경구, 주사 및 약욕 투약에 따른 넙치 혈액에서의 잔류량 변화
정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ) 한국어병학회 2012 한국어병학회지 Vol.25 No.3
암피실린 (ampicillin, AM) 을 넙치 (평균체중 300g, 20±1.0℃) 에 1일 1회 경구 (10, 20, 40㎎/㎏), 근육주사(5, 10, 20㎎/㎏), 약욕(10, 20, 40ppm; 1시간) 한 다음, 경시적 (1시간∼360시간)으로 혈장 내 AM의 잔류량을 HPLC로써 분석하였다. 10, 20 및 40㎎/㎏로 경구투여한 경우, 최대혈중농도가 모두 10시간째 각각 3.62±0.97, 5.20±0.70 및 11.18±0.87㎍/㎖로 나타났으며, 이들은 각각 144, 360 및 360시간째 검출되지 않았다. 5, 10 및 20㎎/㎏의 농도로 근육주사한 경우, 최대혈중농도가 모두 5시간째 6.92±1.29, 9.89±2.22 및 19.85±2.97㎍/㎖를 나타내었으며, 이들은 각각 216, 264 및 264시간째 혈중에서 검출되지 않았다. 10, 20 및 40ppm의 농도로 약욕한 경우, 최대혈중농도가 모두 3시간째 4.39±1.10, 9.57±1.51 및 11.61±1.92㎍/㎖로 나타났으며, 이들은 각각 264, 264 및 360시간째 혈중에서 검출되지 않았다. 이로써 경구, 주사 및 약 욕 투약에 의한 넙치 혈액 중 분포와 배설정도는 투약량에 의존적 경향이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. The residue levels of ampicillin (AM) in cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (average 300g) at 20±1.0℃ were studied by oral, intramuscular and dipping administration (routes). The concentrations of AM in the plasma were determined by HPLC-UV detector. The average recoveries of AM in spiked samples between 0.01∼10 ppm were ranging from 84.45% to 91.26% for plasma. The limit of detection for AM was 0.05 ppm by using this method. Plasma concentrations of AM were determined after oral dosage (10, 20 and 40 ㎎/㎏body weight), intramuscular injection (5, 10 and 20 ㎎/㎏body weight) and dipping (10, 20 and 40 ppm; 1 h). Samples were taken at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 24, 30, 48, 96, 144, 216, 264 and 360 h post-administration. In oral dosage of 10, 20 and 40 ㎎/㎏, it`s peak concentrations were 3.62±0.97, 5.20±0.70 and 11.18±0.87 ㎍/㎖, respectively at 10 h post-administration, but AM was not measurable at 144, 360 and 360 h post-administration, respectively. In intramuscular injection of 5, 10 and 20 ㎎/㎏, it`s peak concentrations were 6.92±1.29 ㎍/㎖, 9.89±2.22 ㎍/㎖and 19.85±2.97 ㎍/㎖, respectively at 5 h post-administration, but AM was not measurable at 216, 264 and 264 h post-administration, respectively. In dipping of 10, 20 and 40 ppm, it`s peak concentrations were 4.39±1.10, 9.57±1.51 and 11.61±1.92 ㎍/㎖, respectively at 3 h post-administration, but AM was not measurable at 264, 264 and 360 h post-administration, respectively. Therefore, the plasma distribution and elimination levels of AM in olive flounder were dosage-dependant manner in all administration routes.
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포르말린 약욕이 뱀장어 아가미흡충의 구제에 미치는 효과
정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),지보영 ( Bo Young Jee ),김진도 ( Jin Do Kim ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ) 한국어병학회 2010 한국어병학회지 Vol.23 No.3
Pseudodactylogyrus속 아가미흡충에 자연감염된 뱀장어(체중 89.8∼96g)를 대상으로 수온 28℃의 사육조건에서 포르말린의 구제효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 아가미흡충의 수적 변화에 의한 포르말린의 구제효과를 조사하기에 앞서, 포르말린의 농도별(0∼500 ppm) 및 시간별(30분∼24시간) 약욕에 따른 뱀장어의 헤마토크릿치(Ht) 변화를 분석하여 포르말린이 뱀장어의 혈액생리에 미치는 독성효과를 살펴보았다. 그리고 Ht 결과를 기준으로 하여 포르말린의 농도 및 처리시간 등을 약욕 처리법을 다양하게 설정한 다음 아가미흡충의 감염농도를 조사하였다. 포르말린에 24시간 동안 약욕한 뱀장어의 Ht는 대조구와 비교하여 100 및 200 ppm에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 그러나 300∼500 ppm에서는 Ht가 유의적인 증가(P<0.05)를 나타내어 이 농도에서는 포르말린의 독성이 뱀장어의 생리기능에 영향을 초래하는 것으로 나타났다. 포르말린 100 및 200 ppm 농도에서 24시간 동안 약욕한 처리법에서 아가미흡충의 유의적인 감소(P<0.05)가 확인되었다. 한편, 연구자들은 앞선 연구에서 뱀장어에 대한 포르말린의 24시간 반수치사농도 (LC50)를 보고하였는데, 이 때 100 및 200 ppm에서 24시간 동안 약욕할 경우 200 ppm에서는 13.3%의 누적사망률을 확인하였으나, 100 ppm에서는 사망한 개체가 한 마리도 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 포르말린 100 ppm에서 24시간 동안 약욕하는 처리법이 뱀장어에 기생된 Pseudodactylogyrus속 아가미흡충을 효과적으로 구제할 수 있는 것으로 생각되었다. Effects of formalin on removal of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. were examined against naturally infected eel, Anguilla japonica (weight 89.9∼96g) at a water temperature of 28℃. Prior to experiments for removal of the parasite, the hematological toxicity of formalin bath at 0∼500 ppm for 30 min∼24 h was assessed by hematocrit values (Ht). Based on the results of Ht, appropriate methods of treatment, concentrations and durations, were examined in the main study. There was no significant (P>0.05) change of Ht in 100 to 200 ppm for 24 h. In contrast, Ht increased significantly (P<0.05) at above 300 ppm. This suggests that physiological damage was caused by formalin bath treating with 300 to 500 ppm. Formalin bath with 100 and 200 ppm for 24 h caused significant decreases (P<0.05) in the infection of the parasite. In conclusion, the 100 ppm formalin for 24 hour-bath was found most recommendable for the effective treatment of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. for the gills of the infected eel because of the median lethal concentration (LC50) of formalin to eel; cumulative mortalities were found to be 0 and 13.3%, respectively, following 24 h bathing.
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2007년∼2011년 하절기에 양식 넙치, 조피볼락, 참돔, 새우의 세균 및 기생충 감염 현황
정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ),도정완 ( Jeung Wan Do ),김명석 ( Myoung Sug Kim ),권문경 ( Mun Gyeong Kwon ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),황지연 ( Jee Youn Hwang ),김석렬 ( Seok Ryel Kim ),조영록 ( Yeong Rok Cho ) 한국어병학회 2012 한국어병학회지 Vol.25 No.3
2007년∼2011년 하절기에 국내 동·서·남해안과 제주의 육상양식장, 가두리 및 축제식 양식장에서 사육중인 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus), 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli), 참돔 (Pagrus major), 흰다리새우(Litopenaeus vannamei) 의 총 2,413마리에 대하여 세균과 기생충의 감염현황을 조사하였다. 조사기간(2007년∼2011년) 사이 어종별 병원체에 대한 감염양상을 종합하면, 기생충과 세균의 단독감염이 혼합감염에 비하여 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 단독감염 가운데 기생충이 세균보다 감염률이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 조사기간 동안 넙치, 조피볼락, 새우에서 Vibrio spp. (V. harveyi, V. ichthyoenteri, Vibrio sp.)가 가장 우점종으로 검출된 세균의 위치를 차지하였으며, 참돔에서는 Vibrio sp.와 P. damselae가 우점종 세균으로 검출되었다. 조사기간 동안 가장 우점종으로 검출된 기생충은 넙치에서 스쿠티카충 (M. avidus)과 트리코디나충 (Trichodina sp.), 조피볼락에서 아가미흡충 (M. sebastes), 참돔에서 아가미흡충 (M. tai), 새우에서 섬모충 (Zoothamnium sp.) 으로 나타났다. Diagnostic monitoring in fish farms with land-based tanks and netpen cases were conducted in eastern, western, southern and Jeju island of Korea during summer of 2007∼2011. In total, 2413-fish samples of 4 marine fish species were tested for the detection of bacteria and parasite. Fish species tested were olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major), pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). During the diagnostic monitoring from 2007 to 2011, the infection rates by single infection of bacterial or parasitic pathogens were relatively higher than the mixed infections. The main bacterial pathogens in olive flounder, black rockfish and pacific white shrimp were Vibrio spp. (V. harveyi, V. ichthyoenteri, Vibrio sp.). The main bacterial pathogens in red sea bream were also Vibrio sp. and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. The main parasitic pathogens were both Miamiensis avidus and Trichodina sp. in olive flounder, Microcotyle sebastes in black rockfish, Microcotyle tai in red sea bream and Zoothamnium sp. in pacific white shrimp.
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담수산 양식어류의 혈액검사에 사용된 건식 자동생화학 분석기 (FUJIDRI-CHEM 3000) 의 활용 가능성
정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),김진도 ( Jin Do Kim ),최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ) 한국어병학회 2011 한국어병학회지 Vol.24 No.3
The purpose of this study was to obtain reference data of parameters for hematological health diagnosis in cultured freshwater fish and also evaluate application of automatic dry-type chemistry analyzer (FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000) used to those blood tests. A blood profile of total 200 fish for rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), israel carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and eel (Anguilla japonica) cultured in Inland Fisheries Research Institute of NFRDI was determined by hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma chemistry tests: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), creatinine (CRE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose (GLU). The values of ALT, TG, LDH, ALB, TCHO, AST and ALP were outside from the minimum and/or maximum of the established detectable range of the analyzer. ALT and TG were not detectable in the range of 67%∼61.5%. LDH, ALB and TCHO were not detectable in the range of 36∼17%. AST and ALP were not detectable in the range of 5.5∼0.5%. However, the values of BUN, CRE, GLU, Hb and TP were below the detectable limits of the analyzer.
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