하수오니(下水汚泥)에 왕겨 및 톱밥을 혼합(混合)한 호기성(好氣性) 퇴비화(堆肥化)

정봉수 ( Jung Bong Su ),강용태 ( Gang Yong Ta ) 한국농공학회 1986 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.28 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of moisture content, temperature, C/N ratio and pH of the sewage sludge mixed with hulle and sawdusts for making compost under aerobic condition and to improve the defect of the structure of experimental equipment heat lose and handling method. and obtained results were as follows 1. The temperature was reached 73℃ around 50 hours fermentation in the condition of 0.8 L/min. of air and 60.4% of moisture content. and favorable moisture content of initial condition ranged from 50 to 65% 2. The temperature near bottom of the batch composter was decreased due to evaporate water vapor and lose the heat produced during aeration. and it is required to be improved. 3. The temperature in the batch composter from the center to the inside wall surface was gradually decreased. the temperatures of the points located in r=9cm and the wall surface were 4℃ and 6℃ respectively. and therefore it is required to be insulated. 4. The maximum CO₂ production was obtained as 7.3% per volume in the temperature of 63℃ at the moisture content of 60% 5. The temperature range of active microbes growth was found to be as 20℃ to 40℃ in the case of mesophiles and 50℃ to 65℃ in the case of thermophiles due to increase and decrease CO₂ production. 6. C/N ratio after decomposition was 1.3 to 2.6 smaller than that of initial one due to increase the amount of nitrogen. The more C/N ratio increased. the less the reaction velocity decresed. The optimum of it as found to be 30. 7. pH values after decomposition were slightly increased than that of initial ones. The reaction velocity was decreased at acid and alkall condition. Therefore it is neseseary to neutralize the medium to improve the reaction.

HPLC와 LC/MS에 의한 식육내 잔류 설파제의 동시 분석법

정봉수 ( Bong Su Jung ),박준조 ( Jun Jo Bark ),금모래 ( Mo Rae Gum ),김인경 ( In Kyoung Kim ),박병옥 ( Byoung Ok Park ),한정희 ( Jeong Hee Han ) 한국가축위생학회 2004 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

A multiresidual analysis was performed to determine 12 sulfonamides(sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline, and sulfadimethoxine) in beef and pork simultaneously. The multiresidual analysis for the sulfonamides currently used was able to analyze 5 kinds of sulfonamides at the same time. The method of this 12 sulfonamides multiresidual analysis in this study was matrix solid-phase dispersion(MSPD) by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The recovery rate of the materials was measured by MSPD method with 3 different extraction solvents; Dichloromethane, DCM: Ethylacetate(3:1), DCM: EA(9:1). Also, samples (84 beef and 205 pork samples) which were positive by EEC-4 plate test from 2001 to 2003 were tested to investigate the kinds of sulfonamides using HPLC. The results from the study were as follows; 1. The recovery rate of the materials was measured by MSPD method with 3 different extraction solvents; Dichioromethane, DCM Ethylacetate(3:1), DCM: EA(9:1). The method of extraction solvent with DCM: ethyl acetate(9:1) was the most excellent(87.7~99.3%) in separation and reappearance. 2. In the LC/MS analysis of sulfonamides, signal to noise ratio was showed relatively high in the positive mode and special ion in the quality analysis was determined via [M+H] and m/z 156. A spectrum of sulfonamides was showed from all 12 sulfonamides. 3. The samples positive by the EEC-4 plate, a screening test method, were categorized by sulfonamides through Charm 11 and confirmed the kinds of sulfonamides through HPLC. 1) Among 84 beef samples positive by EEC-4 plate, 20 samples were positive by Charm II and identified as 7 sulfamethazine, 9 sulfadimethoxine, 1 sulfamonomethoxine and 3 unknown status. 2) Among 205 pork samples positive by EEC-4 plate, 42 samples were positive by Charm II and identified as 19 sulfamethazine, 1 sulfadimethoxine, 4 sulfamonomethoxine and 5 unknown status.

원어민 강사의 노동법적 지위에 관한 연구

정봉수(Bong-Su Jung) 고려대학교 노동문제연구소 2014 노동연구 Vol.27 No.-

우리나라의 글로벌 경쟁력을 갖추기 위해서는 영어사용이 필수적이다. 이를 위해 가장 저렴한 방법으로 영어활용능력을 습득하기 위한 것이 원어민 강사를 활용하여 생활영어를 배우는 것이다. 최근 몇 해 동안의 법무부 출입국 자료를 보면, 원어민 강사가 상시적으로 2만 명 이상 체류하고 있으며, 앞으로도 이 인원이 계속 유지 될 것으로 본다. 원어민 영어강사의 경우 영어를 사용하는 모국에서 대학교 학력 이상을 갖춘 고급인력들이다. 따라서 이들의 고급인력에 대한 노동법적 보호를 강화함으로써 전문 원어민 어학강사들의 장기 체류를 유도하여 유능하고 실력 있는 인력을 유지해야 할 필요가 있다고 본다. 원어민 강사들이 외국인이고 기간제 근로자이므로 노동법적 보호를 제대로 받지 못하는 경우가 많이 발생하고 있다. 원어민 강사들이 출입국관리법에 의한 고용허가를 전제로 체류할 수 있는 외국인이라는 사실과 단기간 근로를 제공하는 단기간 근로자로서의 특성으로 인하여 노동법적 보호에 상당한 제약을 받고 있다. 특히 원어민 강사들은 부당하게 해고되었음에도 불구하고 부당해고로부터 구제를 받기가 어려운 현실에서 최소의 합의금을 받고 자신들의 나라로 돌아가는 경우가 많다. 유능한 원어민 강사의 장기 체류를 장려하고 계속해서 노동법의 보호를 받으면서 일할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. 이와 관련하여 필수적으로 필요한 것이 해고가 부당한 해고로 인정된 경우에는 사용자의 ‘이직확인서’ 없이도 타 사업장으로 취업이 가능한 취업비자(D-10)으로 전환이 가능해야 할 것이다. 또한 부당해고의 다툼이 장기화 되어 소송비자(G-1)를 가지고 체류하고 있는 경우에도 최종적으로 부당해고 판정 또는 판결을 받은 경우에는 취업비자(D-10)로의 전환이 가능하여야 할 것이다. In order to equip the country to be more globally competitive, English proficiency is essential. To this end, the cheapest way to improve one’s English skills is to regularly attend English conversation classes taught by a native English instructor in Korea. The immigration data from the Department of Justice indicate that the number of native English instructors working in Korea has remained relatively constant at 20,000 in recent years, with this number expected to be maintained in the future. Native English teachers are highly educated with bachelors’ degrees or higher from their home countries, where English is their mother tongue. Accordingly, it is necessary to induce competent, qualified native English instructors to stay longer by strengthening their legal protections. As all native English instructors are foreigners and have fixed-term contracts, they are not well-protected by Korean labor laws. Protection for native English instructors, in terms of labor law, is considerably limited for two reasons: 1) they are foreigners staying by permission for employment according to immigration law, and 2) they are considered short-term employees providing services for a fixed time period. Many native English instructors have faced extreme difficulty in receiving remedy for unfair dismissal, and often return home after receiving minimal compensation. Competent native English instructors should be encouraged to stay long-term and an environment provided where they receive adequate protection under Korea’s labor laws. As the most basic requirement for this purpose, if a native English instructor is unfairly dismissed, they should be allowed to obtain a D-10 employment visa so they can work elsewhere without needing the previous employer to issue a Letter of Release. In addition, in cases where someone is staying under a Lawsuit Visa (G-1) to pursue a case of unfair dismissal, a D-10 employment visa should be issued to the instructor if he/she wins the lawsuit.

Population viability analysis to estimate the needed number of capture-and-remove wild boars for control of African swine fever in the Republic of Korea

조희경(Hee-Kyeung Cho),정봉수(Bong-Su Jung),정충식(Chung-Sik Jung),박선일(Son-Il Pak),김으뜸(Eu-Tteum Kim) 한국예방수의학회 2020 예방수의학회지 Vol.44 No.4

Since the first detection of the African swine fever (ASF) virus in the Republic of Korea in 2019, the Korean government has applied interventions, including fencing, increasing the biosecurity level at domestic pig farms, and the capture-and-removal of wild boars. In particular, wild boars are an important risk factor for ASF control because they can spread disease among susceptible animals, such as wild boars or domestic pigs. A capture-and-removal method aims to reduce the likelihood of ASF transmission from wild boars to domestic boars or among wild boars by decreasing the number of susceptible wild boars. This study estimated the required number of wild boars captured and removed for ASF control using population viability analysis. Population factors, such as a life span, sex ratio, or an inbreeding depression with different capture-and-removal proportions of wild boars, were included in the analysis. Ten scenarios with different capture-and-removal proportions of wild boars and different periods of culling were considered. According to the results, a method in which 75% of wild boars are captured-and-removed for at least three years showed long-term effectiveness for more than ten years. The current ASF control method, in which 33% of wild boars are captured-and-removed, decreased the number of wild boars for three years, after which the wild boar population increased to more than its initial number. Given the limited human and material resources for controlling ASF in the Republic of Korea, it is recommended that resources be prioritized to increase the capture-and-removal proportion of wild boars to take full advantage of the ASF-control effectiveness.

효소면역법을 이용한 Brucella abortus 항체 검출에 관한 연구

심항섭 ( Hang Sub Shim ),국정희 ( Jung Hee Kook ),정봉수 ( Bong Su Chung ),고태오 ( Tae Oh Ko ),조중현 ( Jung Hyun Cho ),박유순 ( Yu Soon Park ) 한국가축위생학회 1998 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

In order to establish a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic method for detection of antibody to Brucella abortus, a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adapted. The diagnostic efficacy of the established ELISA was compared with that of the standard tube agglutination test for B abortus. 1. It was found that the optimal concentration of antigen for this ELISA was 51ug/m1, the optimal dilution of conjugate was 1:2000, and the optimal dilution of serum was 1:200, respectively. 2. Cut off value in this ELISA was 1,102 that was determined by mean absorbance(at 492nm) of tube agglutination test negative serum added with the triple value of the standared devation. 3. The relationship between the tube agglutination test and ELISA was showen high corresponding rate with sensitivity(96.3%) and specificity(98.1%). 4. The efficacy of the ELISA for detection of B abortus antibody was compared with tube agglutination test in brucellosis outbreak farm. The sensivity of ELSIA was higher than tube agglutination test.

경기도 지역 유우의 소백혈병 항체 분포 조사

심항섭 ( Hang Sub Shim ),국정희 ( Jung Hee Kook ),황영옥 ( Young Ok Hwang ),정봉수 ( Bong Su Jung ),김학열 ( Hak Yeol Kim ),이모란 ( Mo Ran Lee ),유성종 ( Sung Jong Yoo ),강순근 ( Sun Kun Kang ),임경애 ( Kyung Ae Lim ),고태오 ( Ta 한국가축위생학회 1998 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

Since bovine leukosis caused considerable economic loss to the dairy industry, seroepidemiological survey on bovine leukosis was carried out for the dairy herds in Kyunggi province. 1. When compared the results of immunodifussion test with those of enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA) for 94 dairy herds sera, the relationship between the immunodifussion test and ELISA were showen high corresponding rate with sensitivity(97.5%) and specificity(92.6%). 2. In immunodiffusion test for bovine leukosis virus (BLV) antibody in 570 dairy cattle from 30 herds, mean positive rate for BLV antibody was 28.2 %. The positive rate by districts were 16.5% in central, 35.4% in east, 17.3% in west, 29.1% in south, 31.6% in north, 43.7% in northeast. 3. When the results of serological studies was analyzed by age groups, the number of positive was increased gradually with the advanced in age of herds. The highest positive rate was found in the age over 6 years. 4. Of 30 dairy herds examined, 5 herds(16.7%) have no reactions against BLV antigen while 15 herds (50%) showed the range of 1~5 positive cattle and 5 herds(16.7%), the rang of over 11 positive cattle.

하중 재하를 이용한 연속 프리플렉스 합성보의 라멘구조에의 적용

구민세(Koo Min Se),박영제(Park Young Jae),정봉수(Jung Bong Su) 대한토목학회 2000 대한토목학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2000 No.1

오토폼을 이용한 돼지 뒷다리 중량예측 연구

배진규 ( Jin-gyu Bae ),이영규 ( Young-kyu Lee ),박범영 ( Beom-young Park ),임효선 ( Hyo-seon Lym ),정봉수 ( Bong-su Jung ) 한국동물위생학회 2016 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The Autofom is a equipment for predicting the amount of pig carcasses meat using the 16 ultrasonic sensors to measure in real time and it was established in Dodram LPC in Gyeonggi Province of Korea for the first time. This study was carried out to validate the reliability of Autofom statistically and to establish guideline for developing a analytic formula through comparing the measurement between Autofom and dissection. The ham parts of sixty-six pig carcasses were measured with Autofom and by two experimental performers. The weight means and standard deviations of ham parts including bone by measurements with Autofom and dissection were 10.69±0.81 kg and 10.77±0.94 kg, respectively a strong positive correlation (P<0.01) was identified, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82. The weight means and standard deviations of lean ham parts by measurements with Autofom and dissection were 7.41±0.58 kg and 7.42±0.89 kg, respectively a strong positive correlation (P<0.01) was identified, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.72. The root mean square errors of two groups were 0.40 and 0.50, respectively.

廢棄物의 好氣性 堆肥化에 관한 硏究

鄭鳳守,黃光性 진주산업대학교 2000 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.7

This paper has compared experimenta1 values with the theoretical values of composting model to examine the possibility of putting the theoretical calues to actual use in the aerobic composting of the sewage sludge and hog manure. The results of the experiments are as follows : 1. In the ranges of 54∼60 % of moisture content of initial material, 7.3∼7.6 of pH, 27.3∼29.7 of C/N ratio and 0.35~0.37 gr / ㎤ of bulk weight, the experimental values of the periodical changes of moisture content, fermantation temperature and organic matter were approximately identical with the theoretical values of those. So those ranges were considered to be the optimum ranges. And it can be concluded that it is possible to plan an aerobic composting accdording to the theoretical formula. 2. When the ventilation volume was larger than 0.22 ㎥/hr·㎏, the evaporation loss of moisture content was great. When the ventilation volume was 0.0028 ㎥/hr·㎏, the anaerobic condition appeared. Thus we can judge the optimum range of venti1ation volume to be 0.02 - 0.06 ㎥/hr·㎏. 3. The CO^2 generation showed its maximum point of 0.85 mmole/day. g (VM) per organic matter between the temperature range of 58~66℃.

好氣性 堆肥化의 理論的 解析에 따른醱酵溫度의 變化

鄭鳳守 진주산업대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

This is the result which by comparing the optimum of each element from the process of wastes aerobic composting with the theoretical model check the Fermandation temperature and the amount of carbonic acid gas and investigate the possiblity of its practical use. The rate of function is 50%∼60%, pH 7.3∼7.6, C/N 27.3∼29.7 and within the limits of the capacity 0.3∼0.37 gr/㎤ the high temperature of over 70℃ is showed which is likely to approach the experiment. That can be a possiblity of plan of aerobic composting by the theroetical model. And when the range of ventilation is 0.22 ㎥/hr·kg and 0.0028 ㎥/hr·kg, the temperature is conparation very low. It is due to the deferred Fermantation in a condition of excessive water evaporation. Optimum range of ventilation can be 0.02 ㎥/hr·kg∼0.06 ㎥/hr·kg. In the temperature of 58∼66℃, the carbonic acid gas is 0.85mmole/day·gr that is the most, in this temperature a microbe is activist.