서울 소재 노인요양시설의 케어의 질 향상을 위한 생활지도원 수발지원환경에 관한 연구

정미렴(Chung Mi-Ryum),박영기(Park Young-Ki) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.4

With the increase of elderly population and public sympathy on the social responsibility of the long-term care for the elderly with chronic geriatric disease, nursing home and her specialized staffs are rising as important issue. Among the staffs, nursing assistants are responsible for most of direct care, such as perineal care, toileting, dressing, basic hygiene care, food preparation, cleaning, transfer aid between bed and wheelchair, conversation and program aid. Even though their role is critical to the clients' quality of life, they are suffering from heavy workload, low wage, unstable employment situation and so on, which lead to low job satisfaction and high turn-over rate. The purpose of this study is to analyze their satisfactory level with current care support environment, and its influence on the quality of care. Among 5 elderly long-term care facilities with over 70 beds, running with unit care concept, 3 cooperative facilities were selected. Structured questionnaire survey was performed on Nursing assistants, and 94 cases were analyzed. As a result, it turned out that there was a correlation between nursing aids' satisfactory level with current care support setting and quality of care. Since care support setting had not been considered enough when the nursing homes were designed, physical care support settings appeared to be more urgent matter than social and psychological care support environment.

호주 노인요양시설의 공간구성특징에 관한 사례 연구

정미렴(Chung, Miryum) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.10

The purpose of this study is to overview the elderly care welfare policy related to nursing home, to analyze spacial characteristics of Australian nursing homes to find the relationship with policy and design trend. 11 residential care service facilities from 1991s to 2007 were selected and analyzed. The results are as follows. (1)Elderly care welfare policy was started in 1954 and went through big reform by Aged Care Act in 1997.(2)Home care services are expanding but Government"s financial burden of nursing homes outpass the rest of the services. Financial reform lead to the increasing size of the services. (3) The pseudomorphic shape of the building is the result of considering separation of each clusters. Orientation is less considered. Diverse floor plans in 90"s are standardizing, and facilities near cities are densely planned. Several common rooms are provided, while outdoors are considered important. (4)Service areas are separated from residential area for homely atmosphere. (5)Racial diversity with different life background are valued and their needs were reflected in design.

호스피스의 전개과정과 1980-2009년대 호스피스 시설의 공간구성 특징에 관한 사례연구

정미렴(Chung, Miryum) 대한건축학회 2018 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.34 No.11

Hospice is the wholistic caring service for terminally ill patient and his family so that he can live in dignity and maintain the quality of life until he passes away peacefully. The purpose of this study is to compare the development of hospice movement in UK, USA, Japan and Korea, to analyze space configuration characteristics of facilities built between 1980-2009 through case study. The result is as follows. First, The modern hospice started in England and it has spread around the world rapidly. In Korea, hospice service was introduced even prior to US and Japan and developed in spite of poor medical environment. The application of health insurance subsidies were late compared to other countries, but the hospice and palliative care system was quickly set on the basis of precedent cases. Second, the number of hospital beds per facility is decreasing, and it has been divided into smaller clusters for the residential atmosphere. The controversy between private rooms and multi-patient room is still ongoing, and increasing facilities without in-patient service. Rather than establishing uniform and absolute regulations, it is necessary to design a flexible space which can cope with various situations such as patients’ needs, service changes, and manpower status. Third, the spaces for family members and friends to stay in both private rooms and communal spaces are increasing. Forth, Facilities for patients with different needs, such as children and adolescents and AIDS patients, have been developed in UK and USA. Further research on of patients’ diverse needs and customized environmental support is necessary.

대도시지역 소규모 병원ㆍ의원의 노인요양시설로의 용도전환 방안에 관한 기초연구

정미렴(Chung Mi-Ryum) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.6

To provide nursing homes (NH) in Metropolitan areas where NHs are short in supply, schemes to convert idle facilities into NHs has been discussed. The purpose of this study is to provide methods to change small-scale hospitals and doctors' offices into NHs, and to analyze the process and facility standards defined by related laws. The result of this study will help to reduce rial and error of those who want to establish NHs and contribute to the elderly welfare of community. As research method, theoretical review and case study were performed. First, related laws and regulations applied to functional switchover were analyzed. Next, a case of a OB-Gyn hospital changed into NH were investigated, and the head of the facility was interviewed. The conclusion was as follows. Small hospitals were easier to change than doctors' offices because they shared similar obligation in laws. Also, small wards reflect the emerging trend of making private bedrooms. Continuous promotion policy and relaxing the restrictions of related laws are necessary to convert idle small hospitals and doctors' clinic to NHs effectively.

한식당 실내디자인의 조형적 특성에 관한 연구

정미렴(Chung Miryum),박영순(Park Young-soon) 한국디자인학회 1999 디자인학연구 Vol.- No.29

수도권 청년(20-30대) 1인가구의 셀프 인테리어 영향요인, 자원, 실행 현황 연구

정미렴(Chung, Miryum) 한국실내디자인학회 2020 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.29 No.3

Do-it-yourself (DIY) interior design or ‘self-interior design’ as it is called in Korea, is defined as the remodeling of interior spaces by consumers without expert help, usually their homes. This study analyzed the influencing factors, resources, and implementation status of DIY interior design among young (20s and 30s) single-households in metropolitan Seoul. The research methodology included a literature review, field research at six DIY-interior-design- related showrooms, and an online survey questionnaire that was conducted from Feb 28 to March 5, 2020. Of the 540 surveys collected, 519 were included in the analysis. The reasons for undertaking DIY interior design were to express beauty and personality; economic considerations and functionality were less important. Experience was considered important. Field observations found that the self-interior showroom exhibited large samples and ‘package products’ with model spaces, while workshops were limited to making small DIY objects. Compared to respondents in their 20s, respondents in their 30s tended to visit showrooms more frequently. The goal of the visit was to obtain ideas, acquire product information, and purchase products. Most had DIY-interior-design experience and were satisfied with the results. There was no correlation between DIY-interior-design experience and home ownership. Respondents intended to participate in workshops on interior coordination and woodworking. The DIY-interior-design market in metropolitan Seoul is likely to grow, driven by high interest among young single households and an increasing stock of old housing. I recommend that diverse workshop classes be held, and that more spatial experts participate in DIY-interior-design. Guidelines should be prepared to cover safety and dispute prevention in private rental housing.

노인요양시설 개인생활공간의 안내표식시스템에 관한 연구

정미렴(Chung Mi-Ryum),김대년(Kim Dae-Nyun) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5

The Sign system of nursing home plays an important role when an elderly adapts to new environment and gets on with daily life autonomously. Private space is a place to relieve oneself from fatigue and other people, to comfortably perform sanitary activities. If one can find this space easily, an elderly feels comfortable. Adequate signage should be installed to aid them in finding their ways. Sign system is a comprehensive system consisted of various factors. In this research, it has been categorized as signage and cueing. Signage includes text and graphic signs, and cueing consists of floor plan configuration and sensual mechanism of visual, auditory, and olfactory senses. Using this framework, field investigation and analysis were held in private space(bedroom, bathroom) of 10 Korean, 10 Japanese, and 8 Northern European nursing home facilities. The result revealed that even if the sign system worked as a combined unit, all factors were designed without relations to each other and did not perform mutually complementary role. Korean facilities had diverse and abundant sign and cueing elements, and floorplans were easy for wayfinding compared to other countries. Japanese facilities preferred simple signs attached at proper height. Those of Northern Europe used colors on the door, and considered privacy to be more valuable than amanity.

병원기반(병동형/가정형)호스피스의 환경계획에 대한 사례 연구

정미렴(Chung, Miryum) 한국주거학회 2017 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.5

The meaning of hospice is caring for physical, mental, social, and spiritual needs of the terminally ill patient so that they can live with dignity. Since July 2016, health insurance has been applied to hospice so that terminal care patients can benefit from the service. The purpose of this study is to analyze current hospital based hospice. Based on previous environmental researches and hospice medical care, nursing and social welfare theories, the framework of environmental support is suggested as follows: physical support (cancer pain, whole body, digestive organs, respiratory organ, skin), mental support (depression, anxiety, delirium, insomnia), psychological support (psychological change, dealing with death), Social support (information and financial support, community, counseling, family support), spiritual support (programs, encounter with nature, events, religious ceremonies), and Deathbed support (peaceful environment). Three hospital-based hospice and two home care hospice cases were visited and analyzed. In hospital-based hospice, individualized environmental control was difficult in shared rooms. In common areas, physically and psychologically supportive environment were provided. For social support, program rooms, counseling rooms and family rooms were provided for programs and comfortable gatherings. In home care patients were satisfied for quiet, personalized space. But the benefit of it was not fully utilized, due to lack of guidelines for space planning and inadequate furniture.

일본 대도시의 임차가구를 고려한 소규모 인테리어전문 DIY 쇼룸의 특성 연구

정미렴 ( Chung Miryum ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 일본에서는 건물의 노후화로 인한 임차인의 주거 불만족과 공실 발생, 관리되지 않은 주택의 자산가치 하락, 빈집 증가 문제 등을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 do-it-yourself(DIY) 인테리어 레노베이션이 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 일본 대도시의 임대주택에 거주하는 서민들을 고려한 소규모 인테리어 전문 DIY 쇼룸의 현황을 분석하고 실내디자인 프로세스의 단계별 지원특징을 파악하기 위한 것이다. (연구방법) 본 연구의 방법은 문헌연구와 현장조사로 구성되었다. 문헌연구는 일본의 통계자료와 보고서, 국내외 선행연구, 현장조사 연구는 일본 대도시 중 도쿄, 오사카에 위치한 소규모 인테리어전문 DIY 쇼룸 7곳을 대상으로 구조화된 체크리스트를 이용하여 진행되었다. 조사 기간은 2018년 2월 2일~ 2019년 3월 2일이었고, 조사 내용은 쇼룸 특징, 운영 주체, 쇼룸 스타일 특징, 실내 내장재의 종류, DIY 워크샵 프로그램, 스타일링 사례공간, 기타(매장특화)였다. 이를 토대로 디자인 프로세스 단계별 지원특징을 살펴 보았다. (결과) 첫째, 일본의 DIY 쇼룸의 운영 특징은 오프라인 샵과 온라인쇼핑몰, SNS간의 긴밀한 연계, 기업간의 파트너쉽과 공동 이벤트 등이다. 둘째, 도쿄와 오사카의 소규모 인테리어 전문 DIY 쇼룸은 인테리어 내장재와 하드웨어, 조명 등을 소비자가 결과를 예측하기 용이하도록 전시하고 있으며, 특히 임대주택을 위하여 부착 후 원상복구가 가능한 제품들이 다수 소개되었다. 시공 방법을 직관적으로 알 수 있도록 상품과 그림이 추가된 설명서가 부착되어 있었다. 셋째, 대부분의 쇼룸에 공방 또는 세미나 공간이 있어 지역 주민을 끌어들이고 활력을 가져왔으며 DIY 워크샵 프로그램이 활발하게 운영되었다. 넷째, 온라인·오프라인으로 스타일링 사례 공간이 제공되어 고객이 쉽게 아이디어를 얻을 수 있도록 하였다. 다섯째, 고객의 재방문 유도와 차별화를 위해 어린이 공간, 가든, 음악실, 카페 등을 운영하고 있었다. 여섯째, 디자인 프로세스 단계별 지원특징을 살펴본 결과, 쇼룸마다 각기 다른 지원영역을 특화하여 개성적으로 운영하였으며 서로 상호보완적 관계였다. DIY 입문자를 위한 기획부분에 가장 중점을 두었고 선순환을 통해 하나의 라이프스타일로 정착하도록 시도하였다. (결론) DIY 인테리어 리노베이션은 일본정부와 사회단체 등에서 중요성을 인식하여 프로그램을 진행하고 관련제도를 정비하고 있어 지속적으로 발전할 예정이며, 일본 대도시의 소규모 인테리어 전문 DIY쇼룸은 임차인의 다양한 수요를 인식하고 지원하며 하드웨어(자재판매)와 소프트웨어(워크샵)를 연계하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 수년 전부터 인테리어 자재를 취급하는 쇼룸이 증가하고 있으며 DIY 관련 온라인샵이 성장하여 앞으로도 발전할 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구가 우리나라 인테리어 전문 DIY 쇼룸의 발전 방향에 시사점을 제시하여, 임차가구의 주거환경 개선에 기여하길 기대한다. (Background and Purpose) In Japan, do-it-yourself (DIY) interior renovation is considered an important way to solve problems such as tenants’ dissatisfaction with aging buildings, the vacancy rate, asset-value depreciation due to poor management, and increases in the number of vacant houses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of small-scale interior-specialized DIY showrooms for people living in rental houses in major cities of Japan, and to identify the supporting features by the interior design process phase. (Method) The method consisted of a literature review and field research. The literature review covered statistics, reports and research papers. Field research was conducted by visiting seven interior-specialized DIY showrooms in Tokyo and Osaka using structured checklists. Field research was conducted from February 2, 2018, to March 2, 2019. The checklist is consisted of showroom features, operating companies, showroom style features, types of interior materials, DIY workshop programs, example space for styling, and store specialization. Based on this, the support features by each design process was examined. (Results) First, the operating characteristics of DIY showrooms included close links between offline shops, online shopping malls and SNS, as well as partnerships between companies, and joint events. Second, DIY showrooms displayed interior finishing materials, such as floor and wall materials, as well as window attachments, hardware, and lighting, allowing consumers to predict results easily. Many easily removable products for rental housing have been introduced. Instructions with drawings are attached to facilitate construction. Third, most showrooms have workshops or seminar spaces that attract local people and, thus, add community spirit. Workshops were actively run. Fourth, example spaces for styling were provided online and offline, to motivate customers’ design ideas. Fifth, children’s spaces, a garden, a music room, and a cafe were used to differentiate one store from another. Sixth, as a result of reviewing the support features of each design process phase, each showroom was specialized in different support areas and they worked as complementary. The focus was on ‘planning phase’ for DIY beginners and they attempted to make DIY into a lifestyle by virtuous circle. (Conclusions) DIY interior renovation will continue to develop as the Japanese government and social organizations recognize its importance, run programs, and modify the related regulations. Small interior-specialized DIY showrooms in large Japanese cities address the needs of tenants and support them by linking hardware(material sales) and software(workshops). In Korea, the number of showrooms dealing with interior materials has been increasing for years, and DIY-related online shops have been growing and are expected to develop further in the future. I anticipate that this study will contribute to the development of Korean interior-specialized DIY showrooms so that tenants’ housing environment could be improved.

매슬로우의 욕구단계이론에 의거한 노인요양시설 치유환경요소의 위계에 관한 연구

정미렴(Chung, Miryum) 한국실내디자인학회 2012 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

Healing Environment is to cure the user as a whole by considering his social, psychological aspect, beyond the functional aspect of treatment. Various design elements of healing space have been developed so far, but they were mostly described with same rank. Even though every element is significant, facilities such as nursing homes tends to run with low budget, and they can’t fulfill them all at the same time. It is important to find the sequence between design elements. The purpose of this study is to reorganize the design principles of healing environment by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs(Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love/Affilitation needs, Self-Esteem needs and Self-Actualization needs), and analyze elderly nursing homes and examine the framework itself by application. Research method was consist of literature review on healing space design elements and hierarchy of needs, reconstruction of design elements with hierarchy, and application on 5 Korean nursing home cases. As the result, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and design elements were linked with good balance. Analysis of 5 nursing homes revealed that lower needs were short of environmental support compared to higher needs. Especially design element related to Physiological needs should be improved. Also, new framework had strength in not only providing gasps on current situation in detail, but also suggesting elements for improvement with hierarchy and sequence. Through this research healing environment design elements and human needs were linked. Nursing home is the last environment for the elderly, which should help to heal their body and mind and also support them to accomplish self-actualization.