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자외선 수직형 LED 제작을 위한 Indium Tin Oxide 기반 반사전극
정기창,이인우,정탁,백종협,하준석,Jung, Ki-Chang,Lee, Inwoo,Jeong, Tak,Baek, Jong Hyeob,Ha, Jun-Seok 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.3
In this paper, we studied a p-type reflector based on indium tin oxide (ITO) for vertical-type ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs). We investigated the reflectance properties with different deposition methods. An ITO layer with a thickness of 50 nm was deposited by two different methods, sputtering and e-beam evaporation. From the measurement of the optical reflection, we obtained 70% reflectance at a wavelength of 382 nm by means of sputtering, while only 30% reflectance resulted when using the e-beam evaporation method. Also, the light output power of a $1mm{\times}1mm$ vertical chip created with the sputtering method recorded a twofold increase over a chip created with e-beam evaporation method. From the measurement of the root mean square (RMS), we obtained a RMS value 1.3 nm for the ITO layer using the sputtering method, while this value was 5.6 nm for the ITO layer when using the e-beam evaporation method. These decreases in the reflectance and light output power when using the e-beam evaporation method are thought to stem from the rough surface morphology of the ITO layer, which leads to diffused reflection and the absorption of light. However, the turn-on voltage and operation voltage of the two samples showed identical results of 2.42 V and 3.5 V, respectively. Given these results, we conclude that the two ITO layers created by different deposition methods showed no differences in the electric properties of the ohmic contact and series resistance.
집단급식용 생계육에서 분리된 Salmonella의 항생체 내성과 위생 처리제의 영향
강지현,이영덕,정기창,박종현,Kang, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Young-Duck,Jung, Ki-Chang,Park, Jong-Hyun 한국식품과학회 2001 한국식품과학회지 Vol.33 No.5
단체급식용으로 납품되는 생계육에서 Salmonella를 분리하여 생육제어를 위한 생리특성을 분석하였다. 계육의 총균수는 표피의 내부 살부위에서도 표피 균수의 약 10%정도가 검출되었으며 75 개 계육시료로부터 선택배지를 사용하여 분리한 후 최종적으로 51 주의 Salmonella를 동정하였다. 이들 균주 중 약 70%의 Salmonella는 4종 이상의 항생제에 내성을 보이는 다제내성균으로 보여 국내에서의 기 분리균에 비해서 높은 비율의 항생제에 대한 내성을 나타내었다. 이들 Salmonella에 대한 여러 가지 위생처리제인 유기산의 중 lactic acid와 trisodium phosphate를 agar disk diffusion으로 표준균주인 S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. typhimurium ATCC 12023, S. heidelberg and S. enteritidis(isolated from egg)와 비교하였다. Lactic acid는 분리된 Salmonella나 표준균주 모두 비슷한 정도의 내성을 보여 주었고 오히려 분리 Salmonella는 더 내성이 적었다. 그러나 최근에 중요시되는 trisodium phosphate에는 표준균주에 비하여 분리된 wild type에서 내성이 강한 균주가 거의 절반에 가까운 정도로 많음을 알 수가 있었다. 또한 trisodium phosphate에 대한 내성은 처리시간과 처리 후 재생배지에 따라 다르게 보여서 이들은 환경에 따 라 내성이 다르게 나타난다는 것을 알았다. 계육에 오염된 Salmonella는 wild type이므로 실제 위생처리제로 사용할 때는 좀더 철저한 처리가 요망되었다. 그러므로 집단 급식소에 납품되는 계육은 브로일러 사육단계에서의 항생제 관리와 도계과정으로부터 세균오염을 줄여야 하는 노력과 함께 이러한 식중독균의 제어를 위한 위생처리제에 대한 지속적인 기술개발도 필요할 것이다. To control the growth of Salmonella on raw chicken supplied in food service, they were isolated and analysed for their physiological characteristics. Total viable microbe counts under the skin of the chicken amounted to 10% of numbers on their skin. Fifty one of Salmonella were isolated and identified from 75 chicken carcass samples. About 70% of the isolates showed resistance to more than four antibiotics, which indicated very high resistance among the strains ever reported in Korea. Lactic acid and trisodium phosphate(TSP) as sanitizing agent were applied to the Salmonella spp. isolates by agar diffusion method. The resistance by isolates to those sanitizing agents was compared with type strains of S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. typhimurium ATCC 12023, S. heidelberg and S. enteritidis. The isolates showed similar or less resistance to the type strains as for the lactic acid. However, as for trisodium phosphate known recently as a good sanitizer, 50% of the isolates showed more resistant compared with the type strains. Also, the treatment time and regeneration medium affected significantly the resistance of the isolates, which indicates that more careful test might be needed for TSP's practical application to raw chicken. Therefore, From the results, it is suggested that antibiotic treatment during breeding broiler and contamination after slaughtering should be minimized along with careful use of sanitizing agent in order to ensure more safe raw chicken supply.
자동 스프링클러로 보호된 창의 내화 성능 평가에 관한 연구
이창섭(Lee, Chang-Seop),장석화(Chang, Sok-Hwa),김홍(Kim, Hong),정기창(Jung, Ki-Chang) 한국화재소방학회 1998 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1998 No.추계
To use glazing systems protected by automatic sprinklers as fire barriers in building compartmentation, fire endurance tests of these systems have been performed by several research workers. Most of the tests concerned the types of glasses and sprinklers, sprinkler water flow rate, and sprinkler activation time. Horizontal side wall sprinklers and window glazing systems with a vertical center mullion were mainly applied in the tests. In the study, full-scale fire endurance tests were carried out to verify the ability of large glazing systems divided by a horizontal mullion and protected by pendent vertical sprinklers. The result shows that the protrusive length of the horizontal mullion, which is perpendicular to the glass surface, is the main parameter that determines the fire resistance rating of the systems. The mullion obstructs the water flow in the glass.
자동차 엔진 화재용 자동 소화 시스템 개발에 관한 연구
임성묵(Lim, Sung-Muk),정기창(Jung, Ki-Chang),김홍(Kim, Hong),강영구(Kang, Young-Goo),이창섭(Lee, Chang-Sub) 한국화재소방학회 1996 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.-
Our goal was to make a cost-effective automatic fire extinguishing system for the engine compartment use of automobiles. We designed this system for the engine compartment. This system consists of 1)foam extinguisher, 2)four nozzles, 3)a pipe arrangement, and 4)an extinguishing device which is equipped with a glass bulb as detector. First and foremost, the extinguishing device was carefully designed to keep the system cost to a minimum. Second, a AFFF foam extinguisher was used because no other fire-fighting agents proved effective against fire in the engine compartment. The AFFF(Aqueous Film Forming Foam) agent which was used in the extinguisher is the 3M company's Light Water. We sought, however, to make other foams by using Halon 1301 and Halon alternatives such as HCFC Blend A, HFC-227ea. We selected these alternatives instead of air in order to raise the expansion ratio of the AFFF agent. By these means we discovered that it is possible to increase the expansion ration of the AFFF agent up to 44:1. We then demonstrated that our automatic fire extinguishing system is the most effective and lowest cost-system yet devised for passenger cars.
김봉찬(Kim, Bong-Chan),신이철(Shin, Yi-Chul),정기창(Jung, Ki-Chang),김홍(Kim, Hong),권영진(Kwon, Young-Jin) 한국화재소방학회 2008 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.추계
The fire accident often occurs on the residential container and prefabricated construction which are building for use as resident houses or entertainment facilities. This is different from the common fire with fire behavior and also quickly spread. The prediction of fire behaviour becomes important issue as the fire design focus on performance enforces in 2009. Now, I analyze one of the various fire relation simulations which need to predict a fire behavior, that is a single fire area ful-scaled experiment by using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to compare temperature distribution and fire behavior and confidence level of fire simulation.