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독일 통일 30주년과 사회통합: 이주민에 대한 동-서독 지역 차이와 지배문화
장희경 ( Hee Kyoung Chang ) 서울대학교 한국정치연구소 2021 韓國 政治 硏究 Vol.30 No.2
이 글은 독일 통일 30주년을 맞아 통일 이후 독일의 통합 문제를 이주민에 대한 신연방과 구연방 시민들의 입장 차이에 초점을 맞추어 분석하고자 한다. 2015년 유럽 난민 위기 이후, 이민 정책에 대한 신연방주와 구연방주 사이에 입장 차이가 드러나고 신연방주에서 극우 정당이 세력을 확대하면서 이를 독일 민주주의의 위협으로 인식하는 경향이 나타났다. 그 원인으로 구동독의 위계적 문화로 설명하려는 경향이 있지만, 이 글은 지배문화라는 개념에 근거해서 힘의 불균형, 문화적 차이라는 두 구조적 권력 관계 속에서 구동독 시민들이 충분히 소통되지 못하기 때문에 나타나는 현상으로 설명한다. 이러한 분석을 통해 독일 사회통합을 위한 새로운 접근과 대안을 유추해볼 수 있을 것이다. Against the backdrop of the 30th anniversary of German reunification, this article investigates the problem of social integration in Germany after reunification, focusing on the differences between the positions of the citizens of the New and Old Länder on migration policy. After the 2015 European refugee crisis, differences in positions in the former east and west on immigration policy emerged, and as farright political parties expanded their power in the new federal states, there was a tendency to perceive this as a threat to German democracy. In the existing literature this phenomenon is often explained as a function of the autocratic-hierarchical culture of the GDR. Meanwhile, this article drawing on the concept of dominant culture argues that the different majority opinion among former GDR citizens’ can be explained by the two structural power relations of power imbalance and cultural difference vis-à-vis the society as a whole, which limited them in communicating their will and interests sufficiently. In this way, the study contributes to the literature by presenting new approaches and inferring alternatives for German social integration.
Lipopolysaccharide로 활성화된 Raw 264.7 세포에서 녹차세포수의 항염증 효과
김민영 ( Min Young Kim ),손인평 ( In Pyeong Son ),김소영 ( So Young Kim ),송이섭 ( Yi Sub Song ),장희경 ( Hui Kyoung Chang ),유세진 ( Se Jin Yoo ),백석윤 ( Seok Yun Baek ),강학희 ( Hak Hee Kang ),김범준 ( Beom Joon Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2012 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.32 No.2
Background: The biochemical properties of green tea extracts can generally be divided into 4 aspects: antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiradiation activities. Green tea extracts have 20-fold more antioxidative activity than vitamin C and also have a wide range of anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, it is presumed that it would play a role in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. Pathophysiology of immunologic disorders involves overexpression of proinflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Methods: After the treatment of different concentrations for Green Tea Cell Water in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Raw 264.7 cells, the levels of NO and PGE2 were measured in the media. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa Bα using western blot. Results: Green Tea Cell Water suppressed the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of the inhibitory-κB was also inhibited. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Green Tea Cell Water may be a significant inflammatory factor and can be used a therapeutic modality in managing chronic inflammatory diseases. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 32:115-121)
황용순,문재곤,장희경,조영덕,김한규,이화동 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.11
Paraganglioma of the cauda equina or filum terminate is rare tumor and was first described in 1970. The authors present a case of paraganglioma of the cauda equina in a 55 year-old-man with nonspecific back pain. To our knowledge, there has been only a few report of MRI of a paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Diagnosis can be made with immunohistochemical study and electron microscopy after surgical removal. Because of frequent recurrence, total excision is mandatory.
갑상선암에서 MAGE-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 및 -10 유전자의 발현
최영식,임학,박요한,이강대,이재화,장희경 대한내분비학회 2001 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.16 No.4
Background: MAGE (melanoma antigen gene) has been named as cancer/testis specific antigens since its expression is only detected in the testis or cancer cells. Because of its relatively specific expression in cancer cells, it has been considered as a marker for the early diagnosis of several cancers, or as an appropriate target for a specific immunotherapy mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, there have been many reports concerning the expression of MAGE genes in various types of malignant tumors, although only a few reports in human thyroid neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the MAGE-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -10 genes expressed in different histological types of thyroid tumors and to elucidate the clinical usefulness of MAGE genes on the diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Methods: Thirty-eight patients who had undergone thyroidectomy at Kosin Medical Center between January and August, 1999 were included in the study. Of the 38 patients enrolled, 26 exhibited papillary carcinoma, 3 papillary carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, 1 follicular carcinoma, 1 medullary carcinoma, 5 nodular hyperplasia, 1 adenomatous goiter, and 1 follicular carcinoma. In the twelve normal control thyroid tissues, total cellular mRNA was extracted from 31 cancer tissues and 7 benign tissues, RT-PCR was run in 35 cycles, with specific primers of the subtypes of MAGE genes. With probes confirmed by DNA sequencing, the isolates were reevaluated by Southern blot hybridization. Results: In the 26 papillary carcinomas, MAGE-1,-2,-3,-4,-5 and -10 genes were expressed in 88.5%, 92.3%, 3.8%, 26.9%, 26.9%, and 0% by RT-PCR respectively. In the three papillary carcinomas with regional lymph node metastasis, MAGE-1, -2 and -5 genes expressed in two of the three, and MAGE-4 in one of the three cases. In the one medullary carcinoma, the MAGE-1,-2,-4, and MAGE-5 genes were expressed, and in the one case of follicular carcinoma, only the MAGE-2 gene was expressed. In contrast, none of the 7 benign tumors and 12 normal control tissues expressed any of these MAGE genes. The sensitivity of MAGE-1,-2,-3,-4,-5 and -10 genes in thyroid tumors was 83.8%, 90.3%, 3%, 29.0%, 32.3%, and 0%, respectively and the specificity was 100%. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MAGE genes were expressed in the malignant thyroid tumors but not in the benign tumors and normal tissues. Among the MAGE gene families, MAGE-1 and -2 genes were more sensitive than MAGE-3, 4,-5 and -10 genes. However, in order to demonstrate if the MAGE genes could be used for the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma and distant metastasis in thyroid tumors, further study is required