업무수행도 추정을 위한 직무스트레스 평가표의 비교 분석

장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ),한규정 ( Kyu Jeong Han ),임현교 ( Hyeon Kyo Lim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2014 한국안전학회지 Vol.29 No.6

A man is a component of a large system how complex it may be so that human performance which can influence on the system safety should be included in system safety assessment. Meanwhile, human performance can vary over time due to lots of factors. Among them, stress is an indirect factor that may cause human error which can result in industrial accidents. To assess stress level of human workers, not a few assessment tools have been developed. However, it can be questionable to utilize them for human performance anticipation because they were mainly developed with the viewpoint of mental health, though stress assessment can be also required in the safety aspect. Therefore, this study aimed to survey the possibility of their application with safety purpose. About 10 kinds of work stress tools were collected and analyzed with reference to assessment items, assessment and analysis methods, and follow-up measures. The results showed that most tools focused their weights on Demands, Supports, and Relationships, in sequence. However, they, except only one tool developed by the Japanese researchers, merely advised to set up counterplans in PDCA cycle or risk management activities. In consequence, application of stress assessment tools mainly developed for mental health seemed impractical for safety purpose with respect to human performance anticipation so that it was concluded that development of a new assessment tools aimed to human performance variation and accident prevention would be inevitable.

퍼지모델을 이용한 인적오류확률의 타당성 검증

장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ),임현교 ( Hyeon Kyo Lim ) 한국안전학회 2006 한국안전학회지 Vol.21 No.3

절차서의 기술 및 표현 방법에 따른 작업자 반응특성 차이 연구

장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ),오연주 ( Yeon Ju Oh ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ) 한국안전학회 2013 한국안전학회지 Vol.28 No.1

원자력 발전소 주제어실 인터페이스 설계를 위한 인적오류 분석 기법의 보완

이용희,장통일,임현교,Lee, Yong-Hui,Jang, Tong-Il,Im, Hyeon-Gyo 대한인간공학회 2003 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

This study describes a modification of the technique for human error analysis in nuclear power plants (NPPs) which adopts advanced Man-Machine Interface (MMI) features based on computerized working environment, such as LCOs. Flat Panels. Large Wall Board, and computerized procedures. Firstly, the state of the art on human error analysis methods and efforts were briefly reviewed. Human error analysis method applied to NPP design has been THERP and ASEP mainly utilizing Swain's HRA handbook, which has not been facilitated enough to put the varied characteristics of MMI into HRA process. The basic concepts on human errors and the system safety approach were revisited, and adopted the process of FMEA with the new definition of Error Segment (ESJ. A modified human error analysis process was suggested. Then, the suggested method was applied to the failure of manual pump actuation through LCD touch screen in loss of feed water event in order to verify the applicability of the proposed method in practices. The example showed that the method become more facilitated to consider the concerns of the introduction of advanced MMI devices, and to integrate human error analysis process not only into HRA/PRA but also into the MMI and interface design. Finally, the possible extensions and further efforts required to obtain the applicability of the suggested method were discussed.

디지털 기기 기반 직무 수행 시 인적오류위험성에 대한 실험적 평가

오연주 ( Yeon Ju Oh ),장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2014 한국안전학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The application of advanced Main Control Room (MCR) is accompanied with lots of changes and different forms and features through the virtue of new digital technologies. The characteristics of these digital technologies and devices give many opportunities to the interface management, and can be integrated into a compact single workstation in advanced MCR so that workers can operate the plant with minimum physical burden under any operation conditions. However, these devices may introduce new types of human errors and thus a means to evaluate and prevent such errors is needed, especially those related to characteristics of digital devices. This paper reviewed the new type of human error hazards of tasks based on digital devices and surveyed researches on physiological assessment related to human error. An experiment was performed to verify human error hazards by physiological responses such as EEG which was measured to evaluate the cognitive workload of operators. And also, the performances of four tasks which are representative in human error hazard tasks based on digital devices were compared. Response time, β power spectrum rate of each task by EEG, and mental workload by NASA-TLX were evaluated. In the results of the experiment, the rate of the β power was increased in the task 1 and task 4 which are searching and navigating task and memory task of hierarchical information, respectively. In case of the mental workload, in most of evaluation items, task 1 and 4 were highly rated comparatively. In this paper, human error hazards might be identified by highly cognitive workload. Conclusively, it was concluded that the predictive method which is utilized in this paper and an experimental verification can be used to ensure the safety when applying the digital devices in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs).

가동 중 원자력발전소의 인적 오류 예방 기술 개발

이용희(Yong Hee Lee),장통일(Tong?Il Jang),이용희(Yonghee Lee),오연주(Yeon Ju Oh),강석호(Seok Ho Kang),윤종훈(Jong Hun Yun) 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

This paper describes several current research activities and the field techniques for the prevention of human errors during the operation of nuclear power plants(NPPs). The human aspects such as 'fitness for the duties', 'job competence and suitability', 'types of communication', 'behaviors of field workers', 'teamwork of main control room crews', 'task procedures', etc. have been investigated for improving the performance of operating personnel in NPPs. We decide to develop a set of the complementary techniques for the reduction of human errors. The set of techniques developed includes teamwork criteria, jobs fitness analysis, procedure enhancement guide, 3-way communication, campaign posters, a behavior based safety program, a procedure guideline, and a task hazard identification method for the field practitioners in NPPs. These can offer a set of significant human error countermeasures to be considered for analyzing and reducing human error in NPPs as well as other fields of industry.

반응표면 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용한 원전 종사자의 강건 직무 스트레스 관리 방법에 관한 연구

이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ),장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2013 한국안전학회지 Vol.28 No.1

While job stress evaluations are reported in the recent surveys upon the nuclear power plants (NPPs), any significant advance in the types of questionnaires is not currently found. There are limitations to their usefulness as analytic tools for the management of safety resources in NPPs. Data mining (DM) has emerged as one of the key features for data computing and analysis to conduct a survey analysis. There are still limitations to its capability such as dimensionality associated with many survey questions and quality of information. Even though some survey methods may have significant advantages, often these methods do not provide enough evidence of causal relationships and the statistical inferences among a large number of input factors and responses. In order to address these limitations on the data computing and analysis capabilities, we propose an advanced procedure of survey analysis incorporating the DM method into a statistical analysis. The DM method can reduce dimensionality of risk factors, but DM method may not discuss the robustness of solutions, either by considering data preprocesses for outliers and missing values, or by considering uncontrollable noise factors. We propose three steps to address these limitations. The first step shows data mining with response surface method(RSM), to deal with specific situations by creating a new method called response surface data mining(RSDM). The second step follows the RSDM with detailed statistical relationships between the risk factors and the response of interest, and shows the demonstration the proposed RSDM can effectively find significant physical, psycho-social, and environmental risk factors by reducing the dimensionality with the process providing detailed statistical inferences. The final step suggest a robust stress management system which effectively manage job stress of the workers in NPPs as a part of a safety resource management using the surrogate variable concept.

위험은 파견, 용역 직원에게 외주화 되는가?: 간접 고용이 안전, 건강, 만족에 미치는 효과

문광수 ( Kwangsu Moon ),안지연 ( Ji Yeon Ahn ),장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ),오세진 ( Shezeen Oah ) 한국안전학회 2017 한국안전학회지 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of employment type(direct employment, dispatch and service supplier) on risk factor exposure, health and satisfaction. The data of the 4th wave of Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) in South Korea was used. Business support service industry and manufacturing industry were selected as appropriate industries for analysis. In the final analysis, 5,865 in the manufacturing industry and 1,361 in the service support industry were included. Various variables related risk, safety, satisfaction and health such as risk factor exposure, MSDs exposure, work environment satisfaction, injury probability, dangerous work, workload, physical health problem , perceived health, positive emotions, stress, participation for decision making and experience of accident/disease were analyzed and company size and age was controled. An ANCOVA was conducted to identify significant mean differences of risk, safety, satisfaction and health related variables among direct employed workers, dispatch and service supplier workers. The results showed that all the variables except stress showed a significant difference depending on employment type in the service supply industry. In the manufacturing industry, there were significant difference in the risk factor exposure, MSDs exposure, work environment satisfaction, workload, physical health problem, perceived health, and participation depending on employment type. These results indicated that the risks are unloaded to subcontract and outsourcing company workers. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

원전 인적오류 예방을 위한 안전 역량, 행동 지표 및 측정 방법 개발: 예비 연구

문광수 ( Kwang Su Moon ),김사길 ( Sa Kil Kim ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ),장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2016 한국안전학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop safety competences, a set of behavioral indicators of each competence and measuringmethods of behavioral indicators for preventing human error of nuclear power plants(NPPs). The safety competences and behavioral indicators were derived from the five steps consisted of derivation of preliminary competence items through literature review, content analysis, interview(FGI, BEI), examination of content validity and decision making of final indicators. The results showed that 13 core safety competences and 35 behavior indicators were derived finally. In addition, the methods of measuring safety competences or behavioral indicators such as Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS), Behavior Observation Scale (BOS) were developed and suggested.

효율적 인력물자 운반용 적·하화대의 개발 및 활용

황춘수,장통일,임현교 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.2

In recent years, the Korean Army made use of fork-lifters or conveyors when loading and/or unloading military material in order to prevent accidents and to promote efficiency of military material handling activities. However, in troops smaller than battalions, manual material handling activities are still committed for many reasons. In this thesis, a brand new loading/unloading device for efficient military material handling for manual workers was developed, and its validation study was conducted through objective assessment based on electromyography, subjective assessment based on Body-Map technique developed by Corlett and Bishop, and finally work performance comparison. The results of EMG analysis showed that muscular workload improved by 24% when using the device compared to manual work without the device, and complain of each body part was remarkably reduced. In addition, remarkable effectiveness enhancement was observed in the work performance. Consequently, it could be concluded that ergonomic devices like one developed in this research should he studied further in the ergonomic sense as well as in the economical sense.