설계강우강도 적용에 따른 노면배수시설 기준 비교 검토

장인수(In-Soo Chang),박기범(Ki-Bum Park) 한국환경관리학회 2017 環境管理學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

기후 변화로 폭우, 폭설과 강풍 등을 포함하는 극한기상으로 인한 도로 노면배수가 신속환경의 변화에 따른 고속도로 사고 및 피해의 증가는 기존 고속도로 설계기준에 대한 개선 및 재정립의 필요성을 가져왔다. 특히 고속도로 배수설계에서 수리 및 수문 설계 요소, 그리고 고속도로 시설의 설계 기법은 강우량 변화에 대한 설계홍수량의 정립을 통해 합리적으로 배수시설을 결정하기 위하여 조사되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 기후변화에 대응하는 고속도로 설계기준의 개선 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 기존 설계기준의 적절성, 강우강도와 수문인자 산정방법의 적용성, 기하학적 도로 구조의 배수특성이 검토되었다. 그 결과 설계 기준의 주요 개선 사항으로서, 설계강우강도, 수문학적인자(유출계수, 도달시간), 설계홍수 및 배수시설 설치 간격에 대한 결정 방법이 제시하였다. The change of highway environment, caused by extreme weather including heavy rainfall, heavy snowfall and strong wind, etc., due to climate change, and the increase of highway accident and damage have brought the needs of improvement and reestablishment for existing highway design standards. Especially, in highway drainage design, hydraulic and hydrologic design factors and the design methods of highway drainage facilities should be investigated for reasonably determining drainage facilities though the reestablishment of design flood for rainfall variation. In this study, we suggest the improvement direction of highway design standards against domestic climate change. we also examine the adequacy of existing design standards, the applicability for the calculation methods of rainfall intensity and hydrologic factors, and the drainage characteristics for geometric road structure. The main improvements of design standards include the methods for determining of the design rainfall intensity, hydrologic factors (runoff coefficient and time of concentration), and the design flood and spacing of drainage facilities.

중증급성호흡기증후군(SARS) 치료에 사용된 한약 처방에 대한 고찰 - WHO 보고서(2004)에 사용된 처방을 중심으로

장인수,백유상,배선재,선승호,이재성,한창호,Jang, In-Soo,Baik, You-Sang,Bae, Sun-Jae,Sun, Seung-Ho,Lee, Jae-Sung,Han, Chang-Ho 대한한방내과학회 2009 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

Background : Early in November 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) began to spread throughout thirty-two countries around the world. A total of 5,327 cases were reported in China, including 1,755 cases in Hong Kong and 655 in Taiwan. The total number of cases reported from Canada and Singapore was more than 200. The total number of SARS cases world-wide reached 8,437 with incidences. Mortality from SARS is estimated at around 11%. Under the guidance of the World Health Organization (WHO), clinical studies on the use of integrated herbal medicine and western medicine for treating SARS were carried out in China and Hong Kong. The official report suggested that integrated treatment was more effective than western medicine alone in clinical symptoms, lung inflammation, blood oxygen saturation, immunological functions and others. Objective : To overview the treatment principle and the prescriptions according to the regimens and the stages for SARS of the reports, and further to broaden our knowledge of treatment of acute infectious diseases using natural herbal medicine. Methods : We reviewed nine of WHO SARS reports that comprehensively described the principles and methods of treatment and summarized them into eight treatment methods. We analyzed the herbal formulae on the basis of their treatment principles, evaluated them in accordance with warm disease study, listed frequently used herbs, and assessed patent prescriptions and herbal injections that were mentioned in the reports. Results and Conclusion : The reports divided the course of SARS into 3 to 6 stages such as high fever stage, fastigium stage, and convalescent stage. Frequently used herbs were Radix Scutellariae, Radix Paeoniae, Radix Astragali, Semen Armeniacae, Radix Pseudostellariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, and Fructus Schizandrae. Herbal decoctions were the primary method of treatment, while extracts or injections were secondary. Prescriptions were mainly based on the warm disease study. SARS is a viral disease caused by corona virus, and herbal medicine is proven to be effective against it. We believe that evidences and experiences from SARS cases can be a good reference to further researches on acute infectious diseases.

주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용한 일회용침 끝의 미세 형태에 대한 관찰(2)

장인수,박종배,송범용,이창현,김현수,Jang, In-soo,Park, Jong-bae,Song, Beom-yong,Lee, Chang-hyun,Kim, Hyun-soo 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Objective: There have not been so many study about the quality of acupuncture needle tip. In order to ensure safe acupuncture treatment, the quality of needle tip is essential. Therefore we investigated the current condition of the tip of the acupuncture needles in Korea. Methods: We have selected the needles that made by 8 companies in Korea, and selected 50 pieces from 1000 pieces each company by randomized methods. and observed the tip of each needle using a scanning electron microscope at ${\times}800$ magnification. Results & Discussion: We found that needles had several defects such as scratch marks on the surface, metallic scuff, lumps and irregularities of the needle tips, stubbed or malformed tips, tips of point off-center, peeled off coated tips. There was much difference on the quality of needle among the manufacturer, and some needles seem to need to do- thorough quality control. It is necessary to intensify quality management and a concentrated control on manufacturing process of acupuncture needles.

다 축면 하지 보조기가 외반슬 교정에 미주는 효과

장인수,배성수,Chang In-Su,Bae Sung-Soo 대한물리치료학회 2002 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiaxial lower extremity orthosis on correction of genu valgum. 20 volunteers among people visited department of Rehabilitation Medicine, chungnam national university hospital, who had been diagnosed as genu valgum without other musculoskeletal problems were included. 10 individuals(mean age: 9.gyrs) who had been taken multiaxial lower extremity orthosis at least 12month were included in experimental group and the other 10 individuals(mean age: 11.7yrs) refused taking this orthosis in the control group. We measured the Q-angle & femorotibial angle using plain roentgenogram images at visiting day and repeat same test after 1year follow up. Multiaxial lower extremity orthosis consist of proximal horizontal bar with both thigh cuff, central vertical bar and distal horizontal bar with both shoes. we narrowed inter-shoes distance from start to 6th month and inter-thigh cuff distance together with above correction for next 6month in the frontal plane and from 10th month, dorsiflexed both shoes in sagittal plane. Also, we rotate the both shoes externally and retract the proximal vertical bar every month. This orthosis have to be taken at least 4 hours during sleep. The result were as follows 1. There were no statistical significant difference in each parameter between the right and left Q-angle before multiaxial lower extremity orthosis. 2. The left Q angle reduced $-11^{\circ}$ between 1st day and after 1year follow up showed statistical significant difference between multiaxial lower extremity orthosis taking group and non-taking(p<0.001). 3. The right Q angle reduced $-13^{\circ}$ between 1st day and after 1year follow up showed statistical significant difference between multiaxial lower extremity orthosis taking group and non-taking(p<0.001). 4. There were no statistical significant difference in each parameter between the right and left femorotibial angle before multiaxial lower extremity orthosis. 5. The left femorotibial angle reduced $-10.1^{\circ}$ between 1st day and after lyear follow up showed statistical significant difference between multiaxial lower extremity orthosis taking group and non-taking(p<0.001). 6. The right femorotibial angle reduced $-11.2^{\circ}$ between 1st day and after 1year follow up showed statistical significant difference between multiaxial lower extremity orthosis taking group and non-taking(p<0.001).

중증급성호흡기증후군(SARS)의 한약 치료에 관련된 WHO 임상논문 보고에 대한 개관

장인수,형례창,한창호,Jang, In-Soo,Hsing, Li-Chang,Han, Chang-Ho 대한한방내과학회 2005 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Objective: In the winter of 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) began to spread throughout the world. More than 5,000 cases were reported in China, including over 1,700 cases in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong SAR). The total number of cases reported from Canada and Singapore was more than 200. The total number of SARS cases world-wide reached 8,437 with incidences in 29 counties. Mortality from SARS is estimated at $10{\sim}12%$. When the SARS outbreak occurred in China, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China immediately initiated clinical research projects on the use of integrated herbal medicine and Western medicine for treating SARS. and, in Hong Kong SAR, research on the use of herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of SARS. Reports were released during convalescence. The objective of this study is to overview twelve clinical SARS reports of WHO on the treatment of SARS with herbal medicine and evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment of SARS with herbal medicine, and further to share experiences and knowledge of the treatment of SARS. Methods: Twelve clinical reports about SARS from the WHO were selected, overviewed and evaluated for efficacy and safety of treatments of SARS. Results and Conclusion: Twelve clinical reports about SARS showed that the integrated treatment may have advantages, and the advantages are reflected in the following findings: Firstly, herbal medicine is not targeted only at a specific etiology or a certain pathological link, but also at the pathological status of the patients at that particular time. Therefore, comprehensive readjustment was made through various angles, targets and channels to restore the balance of the body. Secondly, there are advantages in the differentiation of the disease and the treatment. Based on the various symptoms, herbal medicine enables the physician to adopt the most suitable principle, provide individual treatment, and to administer medicine in accordance with the actual process and nature of the illness. Thirdly, there are advantages in the results of the treatment; herbal medicine can relieve symptoms, promote absorption of lung inflammation, improve the degree of blood oxygen saturation, regulate immunological functions, reduce the required dosage of glucocorticoid and other Western medicines, and reduce case fatality rate, in addition to lowering the cost of treatment.

거리영상과 밝기영상의 fusion을 이용한 영상분할

장인수,박래홍,Chang, In-Su,Park, Rae-Hong 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s35 No.9

본 논문에서는 거리영상과 발기영상의 fusion을 이용한 영상분할을 제안한다. Bayes 이론을 기반으로 하여 Markov random field (MRF)로 선험적인 정보를 모델링한다. 거리영상과 밝기영상에서 추출한 특징을 이용하여 maximum a posteriori (MAP) 추정기를 구성한다. 거리영상에서 물체는 국부적인 평면으로 근사되어 각 점마다 평면 계수를 추정해 계수 공간을 구성한다. 밝기영상에서는 ${\alpha}$ 트림드 (${\alpha}$-trimmed) 분산이 밝기특성을 구성한다. 각 공간상의 특징을 에지에 대한 likelihood를 설정하여 구성된 MAP 추정기를 최적화함으로써 영상을 분할한다. 모의실험을 통해 제안된 구조가 그림자, 잡음 그리고 광원의 blurring에 관계없이 영상을 잘 분할한 것을 보였다. This paper proposes an image segmentation algorithm based on fusion of range and intensity images. Based on Bayesian theory, a priori knowledge is encoded by the Markov random field (MRF). A maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator is constructed using the features extracted from range and intensity images. Objects are approximated by local planar surfaces in range images, and the parametric space is constructed with the surface parameters estimated pixelwise. In intensity images the ${\alpha}$-trimmed variance constructs the intensity feature. An image is segmented by optimizing the MAP estimator that is constructed using a likelihood function based on edge information. Computer simulation results shw that the proposed fusion algorithm effectively segments the images independentl of shadow, noise, and light-blurring.

²⁵²Cf 중성자장에서 열형광선량계(TLD)를 이용한 중성자 방사선량 측정

장인수,김상인,이정일,김장렬,김봉환,Chang, Insu,Kim, Sang In,Lee, Jung Il,Kim, Jang Lyurl,Kim, Bong Hwan 대한방사선방어학회 2013 방사선방어학회지 Vol.38 No.1

TLD를 이용하여 중성자 선량을 측정할 경우, TLD는 중성자 에너지에 대한 반응도 차이가 크기 때문에 현장 중성자장의 스펙트럼 특성에 맞는 에너지 반응도 보정이 반드시 필요하다. 본 실험에는 소형으로 가공된 TLD 소자를 사용하여 $^{252}Cf$ 중성자장에 설치된 내부구조가 복잡하고 좁은 Long-Counter (중성자 검출기) 내외부에서의 중성자 주위선량당량(ambient dose equivalent)을 측정하였다. 측정결과는 입자수송해석코드(MCNPX)를 이용한 계산결과와 비교하였다. 기존의 TLD 교정 선원인 $D_2O$ 감속 $^{252}Cf$만으로 교정하여 판독한 결과값은 전산모사 계산값과 많은 차이를 보였다. 그러나 bare 및 $D_2O$ 감속 $^{252}Cf$ 선원을 사용하여 생산한 두 교정인자를 혼용한 판독값은 계산값과 비슷하였다. 결과적으로, TLD 소자는 사용 현장과 비슷한 특성을 가지는 중성자장에서 교정되어야지만 올바른 선량평가가 가능함을 확인하였다. In case of neutron dose measurement using TLDs (thermo-luminescence dosimeters), because the neutron energy dependence of the TLD is very high, the calibration of the energy response according to the characteristics of the neutron spectrum of workplace is required. In the present study, the ambient dose equivalent rates inside and around the Long-Counter (neutron detector) with narrow and complex inside in the neutron field of $^{252}Cf$ were evaluated. The calibration factors to account for the neutron energy dependence of TLDs were established for both the bare and $D_2O$ modulated $^{252}Cf$ neutron beams, respectively. The values of the TLD's measurement were compared with the computational results of the MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particles transport code). When using the two calibration factors of the TLD than a single calibration factor, the measured and the calculated values at the point of verification outside and inside the Long-Counter were in more good agreement. This results show that TLD should be calibrated in the reference neutron field similar to workplace situation.

경기 양평군 첫째 자녀 출산지원금 효과 분석과 정책적 함의

장인수(Insu Chang),손호성(Hosung Sohn) 경기연구원 2021 GRI 연구논총 Vol.23 No.3

흉요천추 보조기착용이 특발성 척추 측만증 환자의 Cobb 각도 개성에 미치는 효과

송준찬,이현기,장인수,박래준,Song Jun-Chan,Lee Hyun-kee,Chang In-Su,Park Rae-Joon 대한물리치료학회 2002 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.14 No.4

The TLSO was customized for this study in OO ortho-prosthesis institute from Jan. 1th., 2000 to Dec. 31th., 2000 and in order to measure effects of TLSO. 20 females in a growth period applicable to medical care took part in this study, they were on accidental spine scoliosis (From $15^{\circ}to35^{\circ}$). They were consisted of Group I(10 chest-bend) and Group II (10 dual-bend). The results were follows: 1. It showed the average difference in height by 1.37cm, 3.14cm in comparison between before and after TLSO, before and after one year and they were also statistically available(p < .05). 2. It showed the average difference in Cobb angle of a chest and waist by ($-10.95^{\circ},-8.50^{\circ}$), between before and right after TLSO. The results means that the Cobb angle of the chest and weist at right after TLSO was largely decreased, and it was also statistically available(p < .05). 3. It showed the difference in Cobb angle of the chest waist by $-9.50^{\circ},-7.35^{\circ} $ between before and one year after TLSO. It means that the Cobb angle of the chest and waist at the one year after TLSO was largely decreased, and it was also statistically available(p < .05). 4. It showed the difference in Cobb angle of the chest and waist by $2.34^{\circ},2.15^{\circ} $ between the right after and the one year after. TLSO, but the change of Cobb angle of the chest was regularly constant by a little increased, and it was also statistically available(p < .05). 5. In the measurement of the change of Cobb angle of the chest and waist according to the taking time on TLSO, it showed the slightest change in 10 people on TLSO for 23 hours by $13.30^{\circ},11.20^{\circ}$ , the change in 6 people on TLSO for 16 hours by $14.75^{\circ},12.67^{\circ}$, the change in 4 people on TLSO for 8 hours by $16.83^{\circ},14.00^{\circ} $ in this order. It means that the longer time on TLSO was to be the smaller the Cobb angle of the chest and waist, but it was not statistically available.

초기저류량에 따른 홍수기 댐운영 분석

박종진 ( Jong-jin Park ),박기범 ( Ki-bum Park ),최정구 ( Jung Koo Choi ),장인수 ( In-soo Chang ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2018 한국수처리학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Depending on climate change, abnormal floods and typhoons other than in the past are common. The dam shall reduce flood damage in downstream areas by controlling the amount of discharge from flood occurrence. However, the initial conditions of a dam in the simulation operation of a flood dam can be very important to show the results of the dam simulation analysis. In this study, the results of flood operation of dams were analyzed due to changes in the initial water level of the reservoir. The initial level of the five typhoons in the Andong Dam basin was changed from EL.160.0 m, the full water level of Andong Dam, to EL.150.0 m at 0.5 meter intervals. The change in the flood control rate was 36.96% for memi with the greatest peak inflow, or 100% for EL.160.0 m and 100% for EL.152.0 m. The flood retention rate was found to be 55.20% at EL.160.0 m and 22.61% at EL.150.0 m in Ewinia, where the total inflow of water was greatest. In case of discharge rate, in sanba, 99.58% of the flow rate of flooding was discharged from the space of EL. 160.0 m.