국 섭취 방법에 따른 음식 섭취량, 나트륨 섭취량 및 포만도의 관계

장은재 ( Un Jae Chang ),조진남 ( Jin Nam Jo ) 대한영양사협회 2009 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.15 No.4

In this study, we examined food intake, sodium intake, and satiety rate for different methods of consuming soup. Healthy young women (n=50) participated in this study. The subjects ate cooked rice and soup using a method that they preferred and then they were assigned into separate intake groups based on how they consumed their rice and soup. One group consisted of women that ate their soup and cooked rice separately (separate intake group, n=30). The second group consisted of the women who mixed the rice and the soup prior to consumption (mixed intake group, n=20). The mixed intake group consumed significantly more food (p<0.001) and sodium (p<0.05) than the separate intake group. Because of the high water content and ease of swallowing for the mixed intake method, the eating rate of the mixed intake group (42.5 g/min) was significantly higher than that of the separate intake group (28.8 g/min) (p<0.01). However, despite consuming 79.5 g more food at lunch, the rates of satiety were not significantly different before and after eating between the mixed intake and separate intake group. Therefore, eating rate, consumption norms and concept of "clean one`s bowl" may influence food intake and sodium intake. Although more studies are needed, these data suggest eating cooked rice and soup separately may help to control obesity and hypertension.

카메라폰을 이용한 식이섭취 조사방법에 대한 연구

장은재(Un Jae Chang),고신애(Shin Ae Ko) 대한지역사회영양학회 2007 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the validity of using a cameraphone for a dietary intake survey method. The subjects were 28 female college students. After eating a standard lunch meal which consisted of plain rice, seaweed soup, bulgogi, cucumber salad, roasted anchovy and kimchi, the quantity of dietary intake, calorie intake & nutrients intake were analyzed by weighed method, diet record method and cameraphone method by dietitian with & without cameraphone analysis training. There were no significant differences in the quantity of 6 foods intake between weighted method and cameraphone method by dietitians with camera phone analysis training. However, the quantity of seaweed soup, bulgogi & cucumber salad intake analyzed by diet record method was significantly lower than the weighed method. And the quantity of seaweed soup, bulgogi, cucumber salad, roasted anchovy and kimchi intake analyzed by the cameraphone method by dietitians without cameraphone analysis training was significantly lower than the weighed method. There were no significant differences in the calorie intake and nutrients intake between the weighted method and camera phone method by dietitians with camera-phone analysis training. However, protein, calcium, iron, phosphorous, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin E and cholesterol intake analyzed by diet record method was significantly lower than the weighed method. And fat and Vitamin B2 intake analyzed by the camera phone method by dietitians without cameraphone analysis training was significantly lower than the weighed method. Therefore, this study suggests that the use of the camerephone may be a valid and convenient method for evaluating a dietary intake survey. However, systematic and standard education is necessary about the size and volume of dishes and angle of photo for more accurate results. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(2) : 198~205, 2007)

시각에 의한 식이 섭취 모니터링의 부정확성이 김밥 섭취량과 포만도에 미치는 영향

장은재(Un Jae Chang),정은영(Eun Young Jung),서형주(Hyung Joo Suh),김진만(Jin Man Kim),홍인선(In Sun Hong) 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.2

It was examined whether altering vision would influence food intake through consumption monitoring and whether this would be reflected in consumption estimate and satiety. The experiment was designed in two visibility levels: 1) an accurate visual cue (bowl covered with wrap) vs 2) a biased visual cue (bowl covered with foil). Thirty three female college students participated in this study. The subjects ate Kimbab in the lab once a week for 2 weeks. They were served 24 pieces of Kimbab in a bowl covered either with wrap or foil. The results showed that the actual Kimbab intake from the bowl covered with foil was significantly lower than the test using wrap (13.4±3.3 pieces vs 15.0±3.8 pieces, p<0.05). And there were no significant differences from the cognitive Kimbab intake between the tests with foil and wrap. However, the satiety rate of Kimbab in a bowl covered with foil was significantly higher than that with wrap at 1 hour and 2 hour after the Kimbab eaten (p<0.05). Less consumed cases were recognized by subjects due to the inaccuracy during the consumption monitoring process. This result revealed that vision influences not only eating behavior but also subjective feelings of satiety after meal. In conclusion, the consumption monitoring by visual cues can play an important role in food intake and satiety rate. (Korean J Community Nutrition 13(2):237~243, 2008)

에너지 밀도 차이에 따른 김밥의 섭취량 및 포만도 비교

장은재 ( Un Jae Chang ),전승철 ( Seung Choi Jun ),박효정 ( Hyo Jung Park ),홍인선 ( In Sun Hong ),정은영 ( Eun Young Jung ) 대한영양사협회 2008 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.14 No.4

월경전 불쾌기분장애가 식이 섭취량 및 체구성 성분의 변화에 미치는 영향

장은재(Un-Jae Chang),김동건(Dong-Geon Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2005 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구에서는 월경전 불쾌기분장애 그룹과 무증상 그룹으로 나누어 여성 24명을 대상으로 4주 동안 식이 섭취량 및 체구성성분이 월경주기에 따라 변화하는지를 알아보고자 하였고 이에 본 결과를 요약하였다. 월경주기에 따른 식이섭취량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p<0.01), 그룹 간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 탄수화물 섭취량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 그룹 간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 단백질 섭취량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p<0.01), 그룹간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 지방 섭취량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 주기 간차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며 그룹 간에도 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 월경주기에 따른 체중은 PMDD그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에서 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났으나(p<0.001), 그룹간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 체수분은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에서 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났으나(p<0.05), 그룹 간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 체지방량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기에서 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났으나(p<0.05), 그룹 간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과는 여성의 식이섭취량, 혈당 및 체구성성분은 월경주기의 변화에 영향을 받는 것으로 보이며 월경주기에 작용하는 변인과를 관련시켜 월경전증후군의 치료 또는 관리방법에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 앞으로 이에 관한 보다 체계적인 연구가 활발하게 이루어지길 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to identify the change of energy intake, blood sugar and body composition in accordance with menstrual cycle among the women with the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) group and women with no premenstrual symptoms (NPS) group. Energy and carbohydrate intake were significantly increased in luteal and menstrual phases than follicular phase in both groups. Protein intake was significantly increased in luteal phase than follicular phase in both of groups. Fat intake was not difference in according to the menstrual phases in both groups. Weight and body water were significantly increased in luteal and menstrual phases than follicular phase in both groups. Fat mass was significantly increased in luteal phase than follicular phase in both groups. However, the differences in energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake, weight, body water and fat mass between groups were not significant. Above finding of this study showed that women’s energy intake and body composition have connection with change of menstrual cycle and implied that more systematic study which affects menstrual cycle is requested.

비만여대생을 대상으로 고추발효추출물의 체중감량 효과에 대한 연구

장은재(Un-Jae Chang),김동건(Don-Geon Kim),김진만(Jin-Man Kim),서형주(Hyung-Joo Suh),오성훈(Sung-Hoon Oh) 한국식품영양과학회 2003 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

고추발효 추출물의 체중감량효과를 알아보기 위하여 여대생을 대상으로 인터넷으로 체중감량을 하는(ID) 그룹과 인터넷과 고추발효 추출물을 섭취하는(IR) 그룹으로 나누어 8주 동안 체중감량 프로그램을 실시하여 체중감량 프로그램 전후와 두 그룹간의 체중, 체지방, 제지방, 기초대사량, 엉덩이, 허리 둘레, 피하지방 두께, 혈당, 혈중 지질의 변화를 관찰하였다. 체중감량 프로그램 전 두 그룹간의 나이, 신장, 체중, 체지방과 제지방 등은 차이가 없었으며, 평소 식이섭취량도 1944.7±34.4 ㎉와 1864.0±124.6 ㎉로 차이가 없었으며, 체중감량 프로그램 동안 ID 그룹의 열량 섭취는 1279.9±112.0 ㎉, IR 그룹은 1223.8±57.1 ㎉이었다. 8주간의 체중감량 프로그램이 끝낸 후 ID 그룹은 체중, 체지방량, 제지방량, 기초대사량과 BMI가 유의적으로 감소한 반면 IR 그룹은 체중, 체지방율, 체지방량, 제지방량과 BMI가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 두 그룹간의 비교에서 체지방율, 체지방량과 기초대사량이 유의적인 차이를 나타내었는데, 고추발효 추출물의 섭취가 체중에는 영향을 못 미쳤으나, 체지방의 감소를 유발하였으며, 기초대사율의 감소를 방지한 것으로 나타났다. 체중감량 프로그램동안 ID 그룹의 엉덩이, 허리 둘레, WHR은 유의적으로 감소한 반면 IR 그룹은 유의적인 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 피하지방두께의 변화에서는 IR 그룹의 복부지방 두께를 제외하고는 유의적으로 감소하지 않았다. 두 그룹간의 비교에서 IR 그룹의 복부지방에서 유의적인 변화를 관찰할 수 있어 고추발효 추출물이 주로 복부의 체지방을 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 혈액의 변화는 ID 그룹의 HDL-콜레스테롤을 제외하고는 유의적인 변화를 관찰할 수 없었는데, 그 이유는 체중감량 프로그램 동안 저지방식이를 권장하였고, 실험 시작 전 실험대상자의 초기 혈당 및 혈중 지질 농도가 정상 범위이었기 때문에 혈당이나 혈중지질 변화를 관찰할 수 없었던 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 체중감량 프로그램에서 고추발효 추출물의 섭취가 체중, 혈당, 혈중 지질의 농도에는 영향을 미치지 못했으나, 체지방 특히 복부지방을 감소시켰으며, 체중감량 시 발생하는 기초대사량의 감소를 방지한 것으로 판단되어진다. This study was attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of extract of fermented red pepper. The extract of fermented red pepper was prepared from fermented red pepper puree and polydextrose. Sixteen female college students were participated in this 8 weeks weight control program. All subjects were randomly assigned to the Internet Diet (ID) group or Internet & fermented red pepper (IR) group. Mean energy intake of ID group was 1,279.9±112.0 ㎉ (carbohydrate: 66.9%, protein: 17.4%, fat: 15.6%) and IR group consumed 1,223.8±57.1 ㎉ (carbohydrate: 66.3%, protein: 19.3%, fat: 14.4%) during program. The ID group lost 2.5±1.0 ㎏ of body weight, 0.9±0.7 ㎏ of fat mass and 1.6±0.7 ㎏ of lean body mass, and the IR group lost 2.7±0.3 ㎏ of body weight, 1.8±0.6 ㎏ of fat mass and 0.9±0.7 ㎏ of lean body mass. There was no significant differences in the loss of total body weight & lean body mass between two groups, however, the fat mass and the abdominal fat were significantly decreased in the IR group compared to the IC group (p<0.05). The ID group experienced a significantly reduced Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), however, IC group slightly increased. The change of RMR between groups were significantly different (p<0.05). There were no differences in the change of blood glucose, total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride between groups. Therefore, the intake of fermented red pepper during the weight control program might decreased the body fat especially abdominal fat and prevent the decline of RMR during weight reduction period.

밥의 1회 섭취량을 줄인 다이어트 밥그릇이 음식섭취량과 포만도에 미치는 영향

장은재(Un Jae Chang),정은영(Eun Young Jung),홍인선(In Sun Hong) 대한지역사회영양학회 2007 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.12 No.5

Using the diet rice bowl, this study examined whether visual cues related to portion size can influence intake volume without altering satiation. 24 subjects ate lunch and subsequent dinner meal in the lab once a week for 2 weeks. Each week at noon , they were served one of two different sizes of a rice (150 g of rice by the diet rice bowl and 210 g of rice by the general rice bowl) but recognized the same volume of which they could eat as much as they wanted of side dishes. Subjects returned to the lab five hours later for a standard dinner, which was consumed ad libitum. Results showed that the subjects who were eating from the diet rice bowl ate less rice (222.4 Kcal vs 306.5 Kcal, p < 0.001) and total energy intake (412.5 Kcal vs 499.2 Kcal, p < 0.001) than those eating from a general rice bowl at lunch. However, despite consuming 21% less energy intake at lunch, the rates of satiety were not significantly different after eating from the diet rice bowl and from the general diet bowl. And there were no significant difference in rice intake and energy intake at dinner between the diet rice bowl and the general rice bowl. These results suggest decreasing the portion size by the diet rice bowl with biased visual cues leads to decreased rice intake and energy intake without altering the satiation. This is, the decreased amount of rice in a diet rice bowl may implicitly suggest what might be construed as an appropriate amount to consume and eventually it suggests smaller consumption norms. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(5) : 639~645, 2007)

여대생을 대상으로 한 실측 휴식대사량과 예측 기초대사량의 상관관계에 관한 연구

장은재(Un-Jae Chang),이경령(Kyeong-Ryeong Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2005 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구에서는 실측 휴식대사량과 신장, 체중, 성별, 나이, 제지방 등을 적용한 예측 기초대사량 공식 3가지를 비교하여 어느 예측 공식이 우리 나라의 젊은 여성들에게 적합한지를 알아보았고, 실측 휴식대사량과 신장, 체중, 체표면적, 체질량지수, 제지방량, 체지방량 및 체지방율과의 상관관계를 분석하고, 예측 공식을 유도하였다. 20~24세의 건강한 여대생 120명을 연구 대상으로 12시간 금식한 후 30분간 산소섭취량과 이산화탄소 생성량을 측정하여 실측 휴식대사량을 구하였고, 체성분분석은 생체전기저항법(Bioelectrical impedence analysis)으로 측정하였으며, 예측 기초대사량은 Harris-Benedict 공식, WHO/FAO/UNU 공식과 Cunningham 공식을 이용하였다. 실험 결과 실측 휴식대사량은 1257.3±147.9 ㎉/day이었으며, 성별에 따라 신장, 체중과 나이를 적용한 Harris-Benedict 공식으로 구한 예측 기초대 사량은 실측 휴식대사량보다 116.04±122.8 ㎉/day 높게 나타났으며, WHO/FAO/UNU 공식은 32.7±115.6 ㎉/day 높게, Cunningham 공식은 69.7±116.2 ㎉/day 낮게 나타났으며, 상관분석을 통하여 제지방량을 적용하여 기초대사량을 계산하는 Cunningham 공식이 실측 휴식대사량과 가장 밀접한 관계를 보였다. 실측 휴식대사량에 영향을 주는 요인들로 제지방, 체표면적과 체중이 순서대로 상관관계가 높게 나타났고, 그 외 신장, 체질량지수, 체지방량과 체지방율은 기초대사량과의 연관성이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 기초대사 량과 관련하여 분석한 요인들 가운데 상관성이 가장 높은 제지방량(FFM)을 독립변수로 하고 측정한 기초대사량을 종속변수로 하여 회귀 분석한 결과 RMR=-569.86+48.27(FFM), R2=0.5514로 나타났다. The aim of this study was to confirm the validity of predictive equations for the calculation of basal energy expenditure (BEE). One hundred twenty female college students were participated in this study. The resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry for 30 minutes following an 12 hour overnight fasting. Among the available equations for predict BEE, Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham methods were selected. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the equation of predicted BEE. The mean of measured REE was 1257.2±147.9 ㎉/day, while the predicted values by Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham were 1373.3±45.4 ㎉/day, 1290.0±61.7 ㎉/day and 1187.6±49.2 ㎉/day, respectively. The Cunningham equation was more closed to measured values than Harris- Benedict and WHO/FAO/UNU equation by the correlation coefficient. Comparing Pearson’s correlation coefficients, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area (BSA) and body weight were higher than others such as height, body mass index (BMI), fat and fat%. The FFM’s correlation coefficient was the highest as 0.74. Thus, the conclusion of this study suggested that the main determinant of BEE was FFM, and we derived a prediction equation as follows: BEE=-569.86+48.27 (FFM).

한국 여대생의 체지방측정을 통한 측정기기들 간의 비교연구

장은재(Un-Jae Chang),조진남(Jin-Nam Jo),황종현(Jong-Hyun Hwang) 한국식품영양과학회 1997 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구에서 결과는 1) 4가지 체지방 함량 측정기기를 사용하여 두 측정자 간의 결과를 비교해 보면 유의적인 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 2) 체지방 함량 측정 기기들 간의 비교는 4가지 기기 모두 유의적인 차이가 있었으나, 근적외선법과 Spectrum Ⅱ, 피하지방 두께 측정법과 TBF-105 사이에서 근접한 결과를 보였다. 그러므로 비만판정시 한가지의 기기만을 사용하였을 때 동일인을 대상으로 하더라도 측정자의 오차와 측정기기 각각의 측정 오류를 충분히 고려하지 못하므로 정확한 판정이라 할 수 없다. 또한 현재 사용되는 대부분의 기기들이 제조사에서 제공한 외국인의 체지방분포의 기초자료를 중심으로 추정된 공식을 그대로 사용하므로 한국인에 적용할 경우 그 결과가 의문시 되어진다. 따라서 각 기기들의 가정과 단점을 보완하기 위해 보다 많은 변수를 포함하며, 한국인을 대상으로 추정된 우리의 실정에 맞는 새로운 공식의 개발이 요구되어진다. The purpose of this study is to provide the reference data for estimating body composition and developing equations for prediction of percent body fat. This study was designed of two aspects: Comparison of percent body fat measurements between two operators. Comparison of percent body fat measurements among four instruments. Percent body fat of college girls(n=71) aged 18~24 was measured by skinfold thickness, near-infrared interactance(Futrex-5000), and bioelectrical impedance analysis(TBF-105, Spectrum Ⅱ). All measurements were duplicated & measured by two operators. The results are summarized as follows: Percent body fat observed from two operators had no significant difference. There was significant difference from four instruments. However, we found close relation between Skinfold thickness & TBF-105, Spectrum Ⅱ & Near-infrared interactance. Four instruments have several assumptions and limitations. Therefore, many researches for developing new equations are required for Korean people.

여대생의 인터넷 다이어트 이용실태 및 기대도 분석

장은재 ( Un Jae Chang ),하주연 ( Ju Yeon Ha ),홍완수 ( Wan Soo Hong ) 대한영양사협회 2004 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.10 No.3