유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향

홍희숙(Hee-Sook Hong),장영숙(Young-Sook Jang) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2013 한국교육문제연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경기도 수원시와 인천시에 소재한 6곳 유치원에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 250명과 그들의 부모 250명이다. 유아의 기질을 살펴보기 위하여 정인희와 황혜정(2009)에 의해 개발된 부모용 유아 기질 평정척도를 사용하였으며, 부모의 언어통제 유형을 측정하기 위해서는 Bernstein(1971)과 Gumperz(1973)의 연구를 토대로 도혜숙(1997)이 제작한 도구를 사용하였다. 유아의 리더십을 측정하기 위하여 장영숙과 황윤세(2009)에 의해 개발된 교사용 유아 리더십 측정도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 유아의 기질과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 유아의 리더십은 유아의 기질의 하위변인 중 반응성, 적응성, 지속성, 전환성과 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 부모의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 부모의 인성지향적 언어통제와 지위지향적 언어통제는 유아의 리더십과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제, 아버지의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 인성지향적 언어통제, 유아 기질 중 규칙성과 적응성의 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 리더십을 가장 많이 예언하는 변인은 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제이었다. 본 연구는 유아의 리더십을 발달시키기 위해서는 유아의 기질에 대한 올바른 이해 뿐 아니라 부모가 바람직한 언어통제 유형을 사용해야 한다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children’s temperament and their parents’ verbal control modes on young children’s leadership. The subjects of this study consisted of 250 young children and their parents in six kindergartens of Incheon and Suwon City. In-Hee Jung and Hae-Jeong Hwang’s young children’s temperament scale for parents(2009) was used for the test of young children’s temperament, and Hae-Sook Do’s instrument(1997) was employed for the evaluation of parents’ verbal control modes. In order to evaluate young children’s leadership, young children’s leadership scale for teachers developed by Young-Sook Jang and Yoon-Se Hwang(2009) was used. The results of the study were as follows. First, responsiveness, adaptability, persistence, and transformation among young children’s temperament were positively correlated with their leadership. Second, for both fathers and mothers, human nature-oriented verbal control mode and position-oriented verbal control mode among parents’ verbal control modes were positively correlated with young children’s leadership. Third, young children’s leadership was most significantly explained by fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode followed by fathers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode, young children’s regularity and adaptability. Fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode was the most predictable factor in explaining young children’s leadership. This study showed the importance of desirable use of parents’ verbal control mode as well as better understanding of young children’s temperament for fostering young children’s leadership.

부모의 창의적 인성과 창의적 가정환경이 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ),조정화 ( Jeong Hwa Cho ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2010 교육문화연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구에서는 부모의 창의적 인성과 창의적 가정환경이 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 인천과 경기지역의 병설 유치원에 다니는 유아 200명과 그들의 부모이었다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS 14.0 프로그램을 이용하여 상관관계분석과 단계적 다중회귀분석 방법에 의해 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 창의적 인성과 유아의 창의적 인성의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 아버지와 어머니의 창의적 인성과 유아의 창의적 인성은 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 창의적 가정환경과 유아의 창의적 인성의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 창의적 가정환경과 유아의 창의적 인성은 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부모의 창의적 인성과 창의적 가정환경이 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 살펴본 결과, 유아의 창의적 인성은 창의적 가정환경 중 풍부한 학습환경과 아동존중, 독립심 자극하기 순으로 유의미한 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며 아버지와 어머니의 창의적 인성은 유아의 창의적 인성을 의미있게 설명하지 못하였다. 그러나, 어머니의 창의적 인성의 하위변인인 어머니의 호기심은 유아의 창의적 인성의 하위변인인 유아의 독특성과 유아의 독립성-인내를 의미있게 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. This study examined the effects of parents` creative personality and creative home environment on young children`s creative personality. The subjects of this study consisted of 200 young children in six kindergartens and their parents in Incheon and Gyeonggi Province. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Correlation analysis was conducted to understand the relationship between parents` creative personality and young children`s creative personality, and the relationship between creative home environment and young children`s creative personality. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out to identify the relative effects of fathers` creative personality, mothers` creative personality, and creative home environment on young children`s creative personality. The results of the study were as follows. First, fathers` creative personality and mothers` creative personality was positively related to children`s overall creative personality. Second, creative home environment turned out to be positively related to young children`s overall creative personality. Third, young children`s creative personality was most significantly explained by abundant learning environment, followed by respecting children and stimulating to be independent. Parents` creative personality failed to explain significantly young children`s creative personality. The examination of the sub-factors of young children`s creative personality, however, showed that young children`s peculiarity and independence-patience was explained by mothers` curiosity.

부모용 유아 영재성 평정 척도 개발

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ) 미래유아교육학회 2007 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 부모가 유아의 영재성을 조기에 발견할 수 있는 평정 척도를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 유아영재 96명과 일반유아 160명의 총 256명의 유아를 대상으로 하였다. 평정 척도를 개발하기 위해 예비연구를 통해 58문항에 대한 내용타당도를 산출하고 시안을 구성하였다. 시안에 대한 요인분석 결과 본 평정 척도는 언어능력, 독립심, 논리적 사고, 독창성, 과제집착력, 유머, 모험심의 7개 요인 40문항으로 개발되었다. 각 문항별 유아영재와 일반유아의 평정 점수를 비교한 결과 통계적으로 의의 있는 차이를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 평정 척도의 공인타당도를 살펴보기 위하여 영재아 행동특성 체크리스트와의 상관을 산출한 결과 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 평정 척도의 하위영역의 문항내적 합치 신뢰도는 .83에서 .91이었으며, 전체 문항내적 합치 신뢰도는 .96으로 높게 나타났다. 이상과 같이 타당도 및 신뢰도를 산출한 결과 본 연구에서 개발한 평정 척도는 매우 신뢰할 수 있고 타당한 측정 도구임이 확인되었다. The purpose of this study is to develop a tool that could be used by parents to discover their children`s giftedness. The subjects were 96 gifted and 160 ordinary young children in Seoul and Gwangju, Korea. The gifted young children`s average age was 57.27 months(SD=10.00) and the ordinary young children`s average age was 62.20 months(SD=10.20). Content validity was produced by 6 experts who rated items for young children`s giftedness. The result of factor analysis showed that 40 items of the original 58 items were related to discover young children`s giftedness. The seven factors explained 67.19% of the total variance. The seven factors were verbal ability, independence, logical thinking, originality, task commitment, humor, and risk-taking. Concurrent validity was indicated by positive correlations between this tool of giftedness and Yoon(1998)`s checklist for behavioral characteristics of superior children(r=.56, p<.001). In addition, the test showed significant differences between gifted young children and ordinary young children in 40 items. The test represented high reliability: Cronbach`s α ranged from .83 to .91 for seven subfactors and .96 for total factors. The above results show that the test is the appropriate tool to discover young children`s giftedness.

유아영재의 판별 및 교육을 위한 방향 탐색

장영숙 ( Jang Young-sook ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2004 교육문화연구 Vol.10 No.-

The identification of gifted children during early childhood is very important and absolutely necessary. Nonetheless, most researchers preferred to study the primary and secondary levels where children are more clearly demonstrating their giftedness, and where more reliable predictions of giftedness may be made. Comparatively little work has been done for the gifted young children. Giftedness during early childhood is still developing and less stable than that of older children, This prevents us from making firm and accurate predictions based on children's actual achievement. Thus, when we identify giftedness during early childhood, we have to consider the potential of the young children rather than on actual achievement by applying multi-dimensional and multi-phased identification method. The desirable direction of the gifted education for young children can be achieved by emphasizing play activity and creative problem solving. The gifted education for young children must focus on play activity as the education for the ordinary young children do. In addition the goal of the gifted education for young children must be accomplished by he development of the creative problem solving.

미술중심의 유아 통합교육 프로그램 개발

장영숙(Young sook Jang),윤혜란(Hae ran Yoon) 朝鮮大學校 師範大學 附設 敎科敎育硏究所 2006 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated arts program for young children. For this purpose, this study investigated the existing literature on arts education and integrated education, and then examined the principles of the development of an integrated arts program. Finally, the integrated arts program was introduced. By using the basic concepts of the arts, the program integrated the five areas of the 6th national curriculum of kindergarten: health life, inquiry life, expression life, language life, and social life. The program also include the integrated activities of inquiry, expression, appreciation which the 6th national curriculum of kindergarten stressed. In addition, the program pursued the integrated education of whole person by emphasizing both emotional development and intellectual development. The integrated arts program is an alternative program to the existing kindergarten arts program. The existing kindergarten arts program educates young children by emphasizing only expression activities without an integrated curriculum. This integrated arts program can be useful for educating young children without separating the different areas.

유아영재를 위한 교수-학습 자료 개발 방향 및 방법 모색

장영숙 ( Jang Young-sook ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2005 교육문화연구 Vol.11 No.-

Teaching-learning materials for the gifted young children should fundamentally differ from other general materials. Constructing the teaching-learning materials for the gifted education should be based on the principle of differentiation, paying close attention to the individual characteristics of the gifted young children. The materials should be developed in order to maximize the ability of the fast-learners who command high level of thinking and creativity. Development of the teaching-learning materials should focus on raising creative problem solving and self-directed investigation ability. In order to achieve this objects, the followings must be considered. First, we should select the theme which the gifted young children show interests for investigation. Second, the open and various investigation activities should be carried out. Third, the materials should be constructed for young gifted children to select the activities according to their interest and ability. Fourth, the programs should be planned to harmonize the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain. Fifth, each area of the early childhood curriculum should be integrated.

주제중심 프로그램, 몬테소리 프로그램, 생태 프로그램의 특성에 따른 유아의 다중지능 차이

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ),노운서 ( Woon Seo Noh ) 한국아동교육학회 2008 아동교육 Vol.17 No.1

교육기관에 따른 일반유아와 특수유아의 통합교육에 대한 교사와 부모의 인식 비교

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ),전명경 ( Myoung Kyoung Jeon ) 한국아동교육학회 2008 아동교육 Vol.17 No.3

알렌, 이용익과의 갈등과 원한의 변곡점

장영숙(Jang Young-Sook) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2021 역사문화연구 Vol.78 No.-

Allen and Lee Yong-ik came into conflict with each other for three issues and faced inflection point that led to their relationship of grudge. The first conflicting issue was related to the right to operate Eunsan gold mine. As a mining official in charge of gold mine and a secretary of land surveying office in charge of government budget, Lee Yong-ik was very concerned in securing government finance and necessary fund for imperial family. Allen intimidated Gojong and Lee Yong-ik that Korea could be endangered unless they accept US proposal with regard to Eunsan gold mines; however, the Eunsan gold mining rights was allowed to the United Kingdom. Since then, Allen began to blame Lee Yong-ik as ‘a tricky man with a reserved nature’. The second issue was the dispute that occurred around the management leadership of Hansung Electric Company. As Hansung Electric Company encountered operational crisis, Collbran and his colleagues dominated management rights of the Company with the help from Allen. When the Korean Empire could not repay its debt or the Company was not smoothly operated in favor of US businessmen, Allen oppressed the Korean Empire with US power. Lee Yong-ik tried to control their management rights even by expanding streetcar riding refusal movement. with this issue, Allen’s grudge and hatred against Lee Yong-ik ran to an extreme. The last inflection point of conflict was issues around opening of Uiju and Yongampo. When Russia took southward policy by starting felling operation along the Amnok river, Japan, in order to interrupt it, requested Korean government to open Yongampo. Taking advantage of this, US tried to open Uiju and Yongampo as special zones for economic trade. Lee Yong-ik opposed to opening ports in Uiju and Yongampo saying that it would jeopardize Korea’s safety. Allen assumed that the disallowance of opening ports in Uiju and Yongampo made Japan develop power and led to the conclusion of Eulsa Treaty. Furthermore, Allen assumed that Korea was put under the control of Japan because the figure like Lee Yong-ik controlled the emperor. As a US minister in Korea, Allen strengthened his stature by representing US interest in the front line and providing privilege to US businessmen. It was also connected with his personal gain. Eventually, Allen extremely hated and blamed Lee Yong-ik because he obstructed Allen’s activity and path.

러일개전의 길과 알렌의 외교적 변신

장영숙(Jang, Young Sook) 한일관계사학회 2021 한일관계사연구 Vol.74 No.-

알렌은 미국공사로서 제국주의 시대에 국가적 이익을 수호하고 쟁취해 나가는 선봉 역할을 해나갔다. 국제적인 역학 구도가 변화함에 따라 미국과 자신의 권익을 위한 길을 찾아 카멜레온처럼 변신도 거듭해 나갔다. 본 논문은 친러반일(親露反日) 노선을 걸은 알렌을 규명한 기존의 연구에서 한 걸음 나아가 친일적 노선으로 경도된 알렌의 이후의 변신까지를 담아냈다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 또한 알렌이 친일 외교 고문 스티븐스에게 건네준 ‘조선인 관료 백서’는 알렌의 친일적 외교활동의 일단이 된다는 점에서 환기할 필요가 있다. 러시아가 만주에 철도와 도로를 건설하여 떠오르는 상업도시로 변모시키는 것을 보면서 알렌은 미국의 이익을 먼저 계산하였다. 반면 루스벨트 대통령의 친일반러 정책은 일본을 부추겨 일본이 만주를 점령하게 될 것이라 보았다. 알렌은 일본이 곧 만주의 경제적 이권을 독점할 것이고, 종국에는 미국과 군사적으로 맞서게 될 것이라 예견하였다. 이는 알렌의 친러반일과 대통령의 친일반러 노선이 부딪치는 지점이었다. 그러나 본국 정부의 뜻에 따를 수밖에 없는 구조 속에서 일본이 대러 선전포고를 하고, 한일의정서를 조인하며 대한제국 안팎에서 확고한 위치를 점해가자 알렌은 일본을 지지하는 쪽으로 급선회하였다. 그는 일본에 대해 비우호적인 언급을 한 적이 없다며 과거의 언행을 부인하였다. 곧이어 공사직 유지를 위한 로비를 벌이며, 외교 고문으로 추천된 스티븐스를 통한 새로운 길을 모색하였다. 러시아와의 친교를 적극적으로 주장했던 알렌이 국제관계의 판도가 바뀌자 러시아를 ‘손절’하고 일본을 지지하는 속에서 그의 굴절된 허상을 엿볼 수 있다. 새로운 강자를 선택하며 자기 부정과 변명, 이율배반적 태도를 일삼은 점 또한 특기할만하다. 을사늑약을 코앞에 둔 현실에서 그의 일본 측으로의 경도는 곧 한국의 희생을 묵인하는 것이다. 그런 점에서 ‘한국의 독립보전을 위해 희생적으로 투쟁하며 구국운동을 전개했다’고 알려진 알렌의 모습은 그의 여러 면면 중의 일부분에 불과하다는 점을 재삼 환기하고 싶다. Allen, as an American ambassador, played a leading role in defending and achieving national interests in the era of imperialism. As the international dynamic composition changed, he also transformed himself repeatedly like a chameleon finding ways for the United States and his interests. This study is meaningful that it contains the subsequent transformation of Allen, who was inclined to a pro-Japanese line, going one step further from the previous studies that identified Allen who walked the pro-Russian anti-Japanese line. Also, the “White paper on Korean Officials” that Allen gave to Stevens, a pro-Japanese diplomatic advisor, is meaningful as it serves as the best clue for Allen’s pro-Japanese diplomatic activities. As Russia built railroads and roads in Manchuria to transform it into an emerging commercial city, Allen fully anticipated the interests of the United States. On the other hand, President Roosevelt’s pro-Japanese anti-Russian policy was understood to encourage Japan to take over Manchuria. It was predicted that Japan would soon monopolize economic interests in Manchuria, and eventually confront the United States militarily. This was the point where Allen’s pro-Russian anti-Japanese line and the president’s pro-Japanese anti-Russian line collided. However, as Japan declared war on Russia and signed the Korea-Japan Protocol establishing firm foothold in a structure that had no choice but to follow the will of the US government, Allen took a sharp turn to support Japan. Since then, Allen denied his unfriendly comments about Japan that he had made before. He lobbied to extend his ambassador job, trying to find new way through Stevens, who was recommended as a diplomatic adviser. Allen, who actively insisted on friendship with Russia, broke up with Russia and went on a pro-Japanese line according to the change of international relations, and we could see his distorted image from here. It is also noteworthy that he chose a new strong man and practiced self-denial, excuses, and an antinomy attitude. With the Eulsa Treaty at hand, his pro-Japanese line is to condone Korea’s sacrifice. In this regard, I would like to remind you again that Allen’s appearance, known as ’who sacrificially fought for the preservation of Korea’s independence and carried out the save-the-nation movement’, is only a part of his many aspects.