산불피해를 줄일 수 있는 조림방안 - 내화수림대 조성 -

임주훈,Lim, Joo-Hoon 한국기술사회 2005 技術士 Vol.38 No.3

As a method of anti-fire construction in forest region it is proposed to build fuelbreak(vegetated firebreak). Fuelbreak can separate the large area conifer forest into smell parts combined with natural firebreaks. Fuelbreaks can prevent forest fire effectively and also have other functions benefiting the forest ecosystem and environment. 3 kinds of construction skills are introduced for the silviculture technique to build fuelbreaks. And it is proposed to build the firebreaks network in national scale.

고성 산불피해지에서 소나무 치수의 자연복원 패턴

임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김정환 ( Jeong Hwan Kim ),배상원 ( Sang Won Bae ) 한국농림기상학회 2012 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.14 No.4

This study was conducted to determine the natural succession process after forest fire by comparing height, relative growth rates in height (RGH), and tree density of pine seedlings with different fire severity. In the area damaged by surface fire, tree density was highest during the first 5 years after fire. However, in the area damaged by crown fire, tree density rapidly increased during first 5 years after fire. Pine seedlings were found only on the place with ridges, barren soil, and the aspect of north. Annual height growth of pine seedlings was decreased with time in all study sites. The empty space in pine stands gradually decreased by the invasion of Quercus species. The forest fire altered the pine forest into oak forest rapidly. In contrast, pine seedlings invaded steadily on the oak forest in the rocky area or the area with ridges.

산불피해지 참나무 맹아림 시업체계에 관한 연구

임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),지동훈 ( Dong Hun Ji ),이영근 ( Young Geun Lee ),이명보 ( Myung Bo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.6

구두발표 6 분과 ; 삼림기상 / 산불 : 동해안 지역의 산불기상

임주훈(Joo Hoon Lim),이병두(Byung Doo Lee),정주상(Joo Sang Chung) 한국농림기상학회 2001 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

가장자리와 산불피해강도가 산불피해지역 초기식생재생에 미치는 효과

이주미 ( Joo Mee Lee ),원명수 ( Myoung Soo Won ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),이상우 ( Sang Woo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

The edge area with burn severity is known as significant factor that has great effects on the ecosystem recovery. However, there is little study on the edge area and its effects in the South Korea, Thus, this study aimed to analyze immediate responses of vegetation following forest fires due to combined effect of burn severity and edge-interior effect. Burn Severity (BS), or ΔNBR values were computed using satellite images of pre and post-forest fire in Samcheock areas, The burn forest was classified 231 1-km2 girds and these grids were further reclassified into 4 groups by BS type (low BS and high BS areas) and forest areas (edge areas and interior areas). These four groups of grids including low BS-interior (group A), low BS-edge (group B), high BS-interior (group C) and high BS-edge (group D). Post-fire vegetation responses measured with ΔNDVI among four groups were then compared and tested by T-test. The results indicated that group C (ΔNDVI=0.047) and D (ΔNDVI = 0.059) showed considerably greater vegetation regeneration than those of low BS areas including group A (ΔNDVI = -0.039) and group B (ΔNDVI=-0.036). It was also observed that edges areas showed greater vegetation regeneration than interior areas when BS is the same. Group B (ΔNDVI = -0.036) showed greater ΔNDVI values than group A (ΔNDVI= -0.039) in low BS condition. Similar relationship is observed between group C and group D in high BS condition. Thus adequate restoration practices for burned areas might need to pay close attention to interior areas with low BS to minimize the secondary damages and to rehabilitate the burned forests.

울진 산화지에서의 연간 토양호흡 특성

정세훈 ( Se Hoon Jung ),김봉석 ( Bong Seok Kim ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김성덕 ( Seong Deog Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

울진 산불 피해지역에서 2011년 및 2012년 동안 AOCC(Automatic open/Closed chamber)법으로 총 16개의 챔버를 이용하여 토양호흡량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 토양호흡률의 일변화 양상은 온도 변화에 따라 증감을 반복하며, 온도인자에 따른 토양호흡률의 지연관계는 대기온도, 지표온도는 각각 2~3시간, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm에서는 지연관계는 나타나지 않았다. 계절변화양상은 봄철부터 증가하여 여름철에 정점을 이루고, 기온이 하강하는 가을철부터 토양호흡률이 감소하였다. 토양호흡률과 온도인자(대기온도, 토양지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm)의 상관관계는 각각 80%, 83%, 80%, 78%, 77%(p<0.001)로 지표온도와의 상관성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 지표-15cm에서 가장 낮은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 토양호흡속도의 온도 민감도를 나타내는 Q10값은 대기온도, 지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm 및 지표-15cm 각각 2.24, 2.28, 2.39, 2.4,2.47로 토심이 깊어질수록 Q10값은 점점 높게 분석되었다. 한편, 산불피해지에서의 토양호흡에 의한 연간 탄소 발생량은 2011년 및 2012년 각각 4.25, 4.8t C/ha/yr로 평균 4.5t C/ha/yr로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 산불피해이후 식피의 회복이 진행되고 있음을 보여주는 결과라 할 것이다. This research was conducted to measure the soil respiration using the method of AOCC(Automatic open/Closed Chamber) by 16 chambers, from January, 2011 to December, 2012 at a fire forest in Uljin. As a result, daily change trends of soil respiration rate shows repetition of increment and decrement as the temperature changing. Time lag of soil respiration rate by temperature factor is 2~3 hrs(air temperature) and 1~2 hrs(soil surface temperature) respectively. But this trends have not been observed at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm soil depth. As a seasonal changing trend, soil respiration rate increased from spring time and reached top level at summer time and started decreasing from fall season. Relations between soil respiration rate and temperature(air temperature, soil surface temperature, soil surface at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm was 80%, 83%, 78% 77%( P<0.001) respectively. The highest correlation of soil surface temperature and lowest correlation was soil surface at .15cm. The Q10 value which indicates temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rate have been showed 2.24, 2.28, 2.39, 2.4, 2.47 respectively from air temperature, soil surface temperature, soil surface at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm depth. So that, Q10 value was getting high as soil depth is getting deeper. Meanwhile, generated Carbon amount by soil respiration was 4.25, 4.8t C/ha/yr(average 4.5t C/ha/yr) at forest fire area from 2011 to 2012.

울진 소나무림에서의 연간 토양호흡 특성

정세훈 ( Se Hoon Jung ),이정현 ( Jeong Hyun Lee ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김성덕 ( Seong Deog Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

울진 소나무림에서 2011년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 AOCC법으로 총 16개의 챔버를 이용하여 토양호흡량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 일변화의 경우 온도변화에 따라 토양호흡률이 증감을 반복하며, 계절변화양상은 온도가 낮은 동절기에서 하절기로 갈수록 토양호흡률은 증가하고, 그 후 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 토양호흡에 영향을 미치는 온도와의 상관관계는 일변화의 경우 대기온도, 토양지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm, 지표-20cm에서 각 각 61%, 62%, 67%, 82%, 83%( p<0.001)로 분석되었다. 또한 계절변화의 경우, 66%, 69%, 73%, 82%, 82%( p<0.001)로 지표 .10cm, -15cm에서의 상관성이 가장 높게 분석되었다. 온도변화에 따른 토양호흡속도를 나타내는 Q10값은 대기온도, 지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm에서 각 각 2.39, 2.59, 2.9, 3.88, 4.21로 토심이 깊어질수록 Q10값은 높게 분석되었다. 한편, 소나무림에서 토양호흡에 의해 방출된 연간 탄소발생량은 2011년, 2012년 및 2013년 각각 8.42, 9.51, 9.74t C/ha/yr로 분석되었다. The amount of soil respiration was measured using the method of AOCC(Automatic open/Closed Chamber) with 16 chambers, from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2013 at a pine( p.densiflora) forest in Uljin. As a result, the daily changing trends of soil respiration rate and temperature factors showed repetition of increase and decrease as the temperature changes. Furthermore the seasonal changing trends of soil respiration rate have been increased from spring to summer to reach the top level and decreased from fall to winter seasons. Relationships between the daily soil respiration rate and each temperature of air, soil surface, soil surface at 5, 10, 15depth were respectively 61%, 62%, 67%, 82%, 83%( p<0.001) and the seasonal soil respiration rate was respectively 66%, 69%, 73%, 82%, 82%( p<0.001). Highest correlation was soil surface at 10∼15cm depth temperature, lowest correlation was air temperature. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rate which means Q10 values, of air temperature, soil surface temperature, soil surface at 5cm, 10cm, 15cm depth were respectively 2.39, 2.59, 2.9, 3.88, 4.21 soil depth. And as the soil is deeper the more high value of Q10 showed. Meanwhile, soil respiration at fire forest in the yr. 2011, 2012 and 2013 was respectively 8.42, 9.51 and 9.74t C/ha/yr.

울진 소나무림의 줄기호흡에 관한 연구

정세훈 ( Se Hoon Jung ),이정현 ( Jeong Hyun Lee ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김성덕 ( Seong Deog Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

경상북도 울진군 서면 왕피리의 소나무림에서 2012년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 2년간 소나무림의 줄기호흡경향을 측정하고 줄기호흡과 대기, 지표, 지표 .5cm, 지표 .10cm, 지표 .15cm, 지표 .20cm, 그리고 줄기호흡량과 온도 및 토양 수분함량과의 상관성을 확인하였다. 측정기간 중 월간 최대 및 최소 CO2 발생량은 2012년 7월 0.89 tC/ha, 2013년 1월 0.05 tC/ha로 나타났다. 측정 기간 동안 CO2발생량은 계절의 온도의 변화를 따라가는 경향을 나타냈으며 발생량과 각 온도인자 간의 상관관계는 대기(79%), 지표(75%), 지표 .5cm(80%), 지표 .10cm(78%), 지표 .15cm(76%), 지표 .20cm(60%)로 나타났으며 토양수분량과는 상관관계가 거의 나타나지 않았다 (0.08%). 또한 줄기호흡의 일변화과정에서 각 온도인자의 측정치에 비해 지연되는 시간을 측정한 결과 줄기호흡은 각 온도인자에 대해 3시간(대기) 혹은 2시간(지표, 지표 .5cm)의 지연시간을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. The stem respiration of pine tree stand and relationship between stem respiration and each environmental factors(temperature of air, soil surface, soil surface at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm, -20cm depth and soil water content)were measured during two years (from 2012, January to 2013, December) at Wangpi-ri, Seo-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. In measuring period, max./min. monthly CO2 efflux was 0.89 tC/ha(2012, July) and 0.05 tC/ha(2013, January) respectively. Meanwhile, CO2 efflux tended to follow variation of temperature by seasonal changing, and relationships between CO2 efflux and each temperatures were 79%(air), 75%(soil surface), 80%(soil surface at 5cm depth), 78%(soil surface at 10cm depth), 76%(soil surface at 15cm depth) and 60%(soil surface at 20cm depth), relationship between CO2 efflux and soil water content(0.08%) had little correlation. In daily scale, stem respiration has lagging time about each temperatures. As a result, stem respiration has 3h(temperature of air) or 2h(temperature of soil surface and soil surface at 5cm depth) lagging time.

강원도 석탄 폐광지 주변 폐석더미에서 복토와 식생기반재 처리가 소나무(Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.) 와 참싸리 (Lespedeza cyrtobottrya Miq.)의 경쟁에 미치는 영향

이궁 ( Koong Yi ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김정환 ( Jeong Hwan Kim ),이임균 ( Im Kyub Lee ),정용호 ( Yong Ho Jeong ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil covering depth and vegetation base materials on the competition between Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq., which were grown in an abandoned coal mine land for three years after seeding, by comparing their growth and stein density. The study site was consisted of sub-plots with four different soil covering depths (0cm, 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm) and four different compounds of vegetation base materials (peat moss (control), soil conditioner+peat moss (S+P), erosion control material+peat moss (E+P), and soil conditioner+erosion control material+peat moss (S+E+P)). Results of this study showed opposite pattern between P. densiflora and L. cyrtobotrya with different soil covering depth and compounds of vegetation base materials in general. P. densiflora showed the highest growth and stem density in plots with 10cm and 0cm depths of soil covering, respectively, while the lowest was shown in plots with 20cm depth of soil covering. In contrast, L cyriobotrya showed the highest growth and stem density in plots with 20cm depth of soil covering, while the loweSt was shown in plots with 0cm depth of soil covering. In case of vegetation base materials, P. densflora showed the highest growth and stem density in control plots and plots treated with S+P, respectively, while the lowest was shown in plots with S+E+P treatment. On the other hand, L cyrtobotrva showed the highest growth and stem density in plots treated with S+E+P, while the lowest was shown in control plots. These results suggested the competition between two plants as a major cause of opposite patterns, which is induced by the suppressed growth and stem density of P. densiflora by fast growing L cyrtobotrya. Despite the suppression of L cyrtobotrya on P. densiflora, L. cyrtobotrya can play a positive role in improving soil quality, and thus it would be more desirable for restoring abandoned coal mine land to manage the growth of L cyrtobotrya periodically, rather than eliminate them.

새만금 방조제에서 곰솔의 초기 생장에 미치는 방풍 시설 설치 효과

김정환 ( Jeong Hwan Kim ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),서경원 ( Kyung Won Seo ),정용호 ( Yong Ho Jeong ),엄태원 ( Tae Won Um ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.4

해풍은 육풍에 비해 더 높은 풍속, 염도, 습도를 가졌을 뿐 아니라 풍향의 전환도 빠른 특성을 갖고 있다. 수목의 초기 생장에 영향을 끼치는 주요한 인자중 하나는 풍속이며, 일반적으로 초기 생장단계에서 수목의 생장률은 풍속이 감소될수록 증가하는 특성을 가진다. 따라서, 본 연구는 새만금 방조제에서 방풍시설을 설치함에 따라 수목의 생장과 해풍의 특성을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌 재질의 방풍시설(개구율 40%)이 높이 3m, 길이 130m에 걸쳐 설치되었으며, 내외부에 1, 2, 3m 높이의 풍향풍속계를 5대 설치하여 2011년부터 2012년까지 1분 간격으로 수집하였다. 새만금 방조제 시험지의 풍향 빈도는 북풍이 26.8%, 북서풍 20.3%, 북동풍14.6% 순으로 나타났으며, 풍속은 높이별로 다르게 나타났다. 해송의 생장은 방풍시설 내부에서 자라는 경우가 외부에서 자라는 경우에 비해 수고 약 17%, 근원경 약 13% 높게 생장한 것으로 나타났다. The sea breeze shows different characteristics compared to land breeze, such as high wind speed and more rapider shift period. One of the major factors affecting plant early growth is wind speed. In the early growth stage, tree growth-rates rise with decreasing wind speed. Thus, the study was performed to identify wind break effects on wind characteristics and tree growth. The wind break used in this study was about 130 meters length and 3 meters height, made up with poly-ethylene (with 40% openness). We installed one vane and fifteen anemographs at three different heights (1, 2 and 3 meters) on the inner and outer wind break areas. The wind characteristic and plant growth data were collected from Jun. 2011 to Oct. over 2012. The wind rose of the Saemangum seawall area presented the north (21.5%) and it was followed by north-west (18.1%), east (14.9%) and north-east (13.7%) and the remainder with other directions. Wind speeds at height were different. The tree height was 159.6 cm at inside and 129.6 cm at outside. The diameter at root-collar was 36.9 mm at inside and 32.6 mm at outside from wind break.