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보조계면활성제가 Pluronic L64 비이온 계면활성제에 의한 탄화수소 오일 가용화에 미치는 영향
임종주 ( Jong Choo Lim ),배민정 ( Min Jung Bae ),김도원 ( Do Won Kim ),조서연 ( Seo Yeon Cho ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.2
본 연구에서는 보조계면활성제 첨가가 n-octane, n-decane, n-dodecane 등의 탄화수소 오일의 가용화에 미치는 영향에 관하여 살펴보았다. 탄화수소의 가용화 속도는 보조계면활성제로 첨가한 알코올의 사슬 길이와 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 특히 사술 길이가 비교적 긴 알코올을 첨가하는 경우, 탄화수소 오일의 가용화 속도가 크게 증가하였다. 이는 1-butanol과 같이 짧은 사슬을 가진 수용성 알코올을 첨가할 경우에는 첨가한 대부분의 알코올이 수용액상에 존재하여 탄화수소 오일의 가용화에 큰 영향을 주지 못하는 반면에, 1-hexanol이나 1-octanol과 같이 비교적 사슬길이가 긴 알코올을 보조계면활성제로 첨가한 경우에는 첨가한 대부분의 알코올이 마이셀 상에 위치하여 마이셀을 보다 flexible한 packing을 갖게 함으로써, 가용화를 용이하게 한 것으로 생각된다. 가용화 속도 실험 결과는 spinning droptensiometer를 사용하여 탄화수소 오일과 계면활성제 수용액 사이의 동적 계면장력을 측정한 결과와 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, 첨가한 알코올의 사슬 길이가 증가할수록 평형에서의 계면장력 값은 감소하며, 또한 계면장력 값이 평형에 도달하는 시간은 감소하였다. In this study, effect of cosurfactant on the solubilization rate of n-octane, n-decane and n-dodecane oil was performed by micellar solutions of polymeric nonionic surfactant Pluronic L64(EO13PO30EO13) at room temperature. It has been found that the solubilization rate of ahydrocarbon oil was enhanced with an increase in both chain length and amount of alcohol added. In case of addition of a short chain alcohol such as 1-butanol, the solubilization rate of ahydrocarbon oil was slightly increased since most of alcohol molecules remained in an aqueous surfactant solution. On the other hand, the addition of a relatively long chain alcohol such as 1-hexanol and 1-octanol produced a big increase insolubilization rate of a hydrocarbon oil mainly due to incorporation of alcohol molecules into micelles and thus producingmore flexible micellar packing density. Dynamic interfacial tension measurements showed the same trend found insolubilization rate measurement. Both interfacial tension value at equilibrium and time required to reach equilibrium decreased with an increase in chain length of an alcohol.
비이온성 계면활성제 , Hard Surface Soil 을 포함한 계에서의 상평형 , 동적 거동 및 세척력에 관한 연구
임종주 ( Jong Choo Lim ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.4
Triglyceride와 hydrocarbon의 혼합물로 이루어진 hard surface soil, 비이온성 계면활성제 C_(12)E₄, 물의 3성분계에서의 상평형 실험결과 낮은 온도에서는 lower phase microemulsion이 excess 오일 상과 평형을 이루고, 높은 온도에서는 upper phase microemulsion이 excess 물상과 평형을 이루었다. 그리고 중간온도 영역에서는 계면활성제를 함유하고 있는 상이 excess 물상, excess 오일상과 평형을 이루는 두 개의 3상이 존재하며, 이 두 개의 3상 사이에는 계면활성제를 함유하고 있는 두 개의 다른 상이 excess 물상, excess 오일상과 평형을 이루는 4상이 좁은 온도 영역에 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 상평형 실험 결과는 videomicroscopy를 이용한 동적 거동과 계면장력 측정 결과와도 부합하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과들은 모델 시스템을 이용하여 얻은 상평형, 동적 거동 결과들이 실제 세척 과정에 존재하는 복잡한 시스템에도 적용될 수 있음을 나타내는 것이다. Systems containing hard surface soil, which is a mixture of triglycerides and hydrocarbons have been studied. The phase behavior with the pure nonionic surfactant C_(12)E₄, showed a lower phase microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil phase at low temperatures and an upper phase microemulsion in equilibrium with excess water phase at high temperatures. For intermediate temperatures two different three-phase regions containing water, oil, and a surfactant-containing phase were observed with a narrow four-phase region separating them. The differences in phase behavior with temperature are reflected both in the dynamic behavior seen by the videomicroscopy where a surfactant-water mixture contacts hard surface soil and in the interfacial tension measurements. The similarity of the phase equilibrium and dynamic behavior shown in the present system to that found for the model triolein-n-hexadecane mixture system is a strong indication that the results obtained for the model system should be generally applicable to the complex mixtures of nonpolar soils encountered in practice. In particular, a temperature range was found in the hard surface soil system with C_(12)E₄ as the surfactant where the surfactant-rich microemulsion phase occurs and hence good soil removal would be expected based on detergency results with the model system.
글리시돌을 원료로 한 비이온 계면활성제 합성에 관한 연구
임종주 ( Jong Choo Lim ),김병조 ( Byeong Jo Kim ),최규용 ( Kyu Yong Choi ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.2
The PGLE and PGLE3 nonionic surfactants were synthesized from the reaction between glycidol and lau-ryl acid and their structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The CMCs of PGLE and PGLE3 surfactants were found to be 3.59×10-2 mol/L and 8.80×10-2 mol/L respectively and the surface tensions at their CMC conditions were 26.09 mN/m and 28.68 mN/m respectively, Dynamic surface tension measurement has shown that the adsorption rate of surfactant molecules at the interface between air and surfactant solution was found to be relatively fast in both surfactant systems, presumably due to high mobility of surfactant molecules. The contact angles of PGLE and PGLE3 nonionic surfactants were 25.5o and 9.5o respectively, Dynamic interfacial tension measurement showed that both surfactant systems reached equilibrium in 20 minutes and the interfacial tensions at equilibrium condition in both systems were 0.42 mN/m and 0.53 mN/m respectively, The PGLE surfactant system has indicated higher foam stability than the PGLE3 surfactant system, which is consistent with surface tension measurement. The phase behavior experiments performed at 25~60˚C in systems containing nonionic surfactant, water, n-hydrocarbon oil and cosurfactant showed a lower phase or oil in water microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil phase at all conditions investigated during this study.