성인병과 운동

임재형(Im Jae-Hyeng),지용석(Jee Yong-Seok) 한국코칭능력개발원 2006 코칭능력개발지 Vol.8 No.4

탄수화물과 운동

임재형(Jae-Hyeng Im) 한국체육과학회 1995 한국체육과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

근방추와 신전반사

임재형(Jae-Hyeng Im),지용석(Yong-Seok Jee) 한국코칭능력개발원 2005 코칭능력개발지 Vol.7 No.1

Effects of Oxidative-type Abdominal Curl Training on Body Composition in 30s' Men

Yong-Seok Jee(지용석),Jae-Hyeng Im(임재형),Cha-Yong Kim(김차용),Tae-Kuy Choi(최태규),Kwang-Yeon Hwang(황광연),Hyun Lee(이현),Eun-Joo Jun(전은주),Hyun-Doo Seo(서현두),Seung-Gun Im(임승건),Dong-Jin Kim(김동진),Hyun-Min Lee(이현민),Pil 한국코칭능력개발원 2004 코칭능력개발지 Vol.6 No.3

중학교 수업에서 게임스포츠 모형의 적용에 따른 참여태도와 흥미도의 변화

홍성룡(Hong Sung-Yong),김창환(Kim Chang-Hwan),김재원(Kim Jae-Won),송영은(Song Young-Eun),임재형(Im Jae-Hyeng),김병완(Kim Byeong-Wan),조건상(Cho Gun-Sang),김범수(Kim Bum-Soo) 성신여자대학교 교육문제연구소 2012 교육연구 Vol.53 No.-

이 연구는 중학교 수업에서 게임스포츠 모형을 적용하여 학생들의 참여태도와 흥미도의 변화를 살펴보고, 학생들이 게임수업에 보다 흥미롭고 능동적으로 참여할 수 있도록 유도하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 이를 위하여 대전광역시에 소재하는 중학교 2학년 4개 학급 118명을 대상으로 실시하여, 집단간의 차이를 분석하기 위해 이원반복측정 변량분석(two-way ANOVA with repeated measures)을 실시하였다. 이에 따른 연구결과는 첫째, 넷볼 게임수업에 참여한 학생들의 운동참여 태도에서는 부분적으로 차이가 있었다. 두 집단 모두 도전심 미적가치 운동의 실천에서 수업 전보다 수업 후에 평균점수가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 집단간 모형x반복의 상호작용 효과는 모든 변인 (체력 및 건강, 도전심, 미적가치, 경쟁 및 극기심)에서 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 넷볼 게임수업에 참여한 학생들의 흥미도는 반복, 집단에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 두 집단 모두 수업 전보다 수업 후에 평균점수가 더높은 것으로 나타났고, 기능중심 게임수업 모형이 이해중심 게임수업 모형보다 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 모형x반복의 상호작용효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to examine the change of participation attitude and interest of middle school students with application of game sports model and to lead the students to participate in the lesson more interestingly and actively. This examination was implemented to 118 participants in four classes, second year student, Daejeon. Two-way repeated ANOVA was carried out to analyze differences among groups. There are two results of analysis. First, in the view of participation attitude, participants of Net Ball showed slight difference partially. Both two groups showed higher average score than before the class in willings to challenge, aesthetic value, practical exercise. in all variables(health & fitness, willings to challenge, aesthetic value, competitive spirit and the spirit of self-denial), the interaction effects was not found between groups. Second, in the view of interest, participants of Net Ball showed statistically significant differences according to the repetition and groups. Both two groups showed higher average score than before the class and the function centered game sports model is conformed to be more effective than understanding centered game sports model. But, the interaction effects was not found between groups.

Hindlimb Unloading Model에서 흰주 고환의 형태학적 변화

안해철(Hae-Chul Ahn),김철현(Chul-Hyun Kim),임재형(Jae-Hyeng Im),이기호(Gi-Ho Lee),이상(Sahang Lee),박미자(Mi-Ja Park),이승배(Seung-Bae Lee),김찬(Chan Kim) 한국항공우주의학협회 2006 항공우주의학회지 Vol.16 No.3

프로축구선수단의 동계체력훈련이 프로축구선수의 체력 특성에 미치는 영향

김준호(Jun Ho Kim),김철현(Chul Hyun Kim),이경태(Kyung Tai Lee),임재형(Jae Hyeng Im),김혜진(Hyeoi Jin Kim),김화례(Hwa Rye Kim),김찬(Chan Kim) 한국체육측정평가학회 2009 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구는 국내 정상급의 일 프로축구단에서 매년 지속되어온 동계훈련 프로그램 전·후에 선수들의 체력을 평가함으로써 그 효과를 구명(究明)하고, 바람직한 훈련방법을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 국내 우수 프로축구단의 선수를 대상으로 동계훈련 전·후의 축구관련 체력특성을 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 기초체력의 검사 결과, 체력훈련 후 체후굴(유연성)과 배근력에서 향상되었고, 체전굴(유연성), 서전트 점프, 전신반응력에서는 변화가 없었다. 심폐지구력 결과, 체력훈련은 젖산역치와 젖산역치수준에서의 심박수에는 변화는 없었으나, 심폐지구력이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 신체구성은 체력훈련 후에 체중의 변화는 없었으나, 지방량은 감소하고 제지방량(근육)은 향상하였다. 그러나 무산소파워 능력과 근력 및 근파워 능력 그리고 젖산역치에는 변화가 없었다. 이상의 결과, 신체구성과 최대산소섭취량에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타난 현재의 훈련프로그램 외에, 근력 및 근파워와 무산소파워 능력을 증진하는 고강도 체력훈련프로그램이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 이와 같은 고강도 체력훈련프로그램을 함께 적용함으로써, 프로축구선수들의 체력과 경기력을 향상할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of preseason soccer training on performance-related physical fitness in professional soccer players. Twenty-six professional soccer players, aged 24±3.8yr, participated in the present study. The six-week physical training program were performed. Flexibility, Sargent jump, reaction time, maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold, the Wingate anearobic power, and isokinetic muscle strength were tested before and after physical training. There was a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake from 58.2±9.7 to 67.3±9.1 mlO2/min/kg (P<.001) after training program. However, lactate threshold was not reached enough to effectively play high-level soccer, even though lactate threshold was increased from 40.8±6.4 to 48.7±6.2mlO2/min/kg (P<.001). In the change of body composition, body fat mass decreased from 10.0±2.8 to 8.1±2.1kg (P<.001) and body fat free mass was increased from 65.9±3.9 to 67.4±3.7kg (P<.001) with no change of body weight. There were no differences in anaerobic capacity, maximal muscle strength, muscle power, muscle endurance, reaction time, and agility. In conclusion, these results suggested that the present preseason soccer training was effective on endurance capacity and body composition, but not effective on muscle strength and anaerobic capacity. Therefore, there was needs on development of effective physical training program for muscle power and anaerobic capacity.

무선통신 기반의 심박수측정기 Bodypro_PAPS(DS100)의 신뢰도와 타당도

김창환(Chang Hwan Kim),송영은(Young Eun Song),김병완(Byeong Wan Kim),이재정(Jae Jung Lee),임재형(Jae Hyeng Im),이홍우(Hong Woo Lee) 한국체육측정평가학회 2011 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 개발한 무선통신 기반의 심박수측정기 Bodypro_PAPS(DS100; 두성기술, 한국)의 타당도와 신뢰도를 확인하는 것이다. Bodypro_PAPS(DS100)의 타당도를 확인하기 위한 준거장비는 Polar(T-31) 모델을 사용하였고, 연구 목적에 따라 준거장비와 개발장비 두 가지를 모두 피험자에게 착용시킨 후 운동부하검사(Bruce Treadmill Max Protocol)를 실시하였다. 신뢰도 확인은 피험자에게 Bodypro_PAPS(DS100)를 착용시킨 후 통제된 시간과 속도에 따라 2회 반복하여 걷거나 뛰도록 하였다. 연구의 대상은 대전시에 소재하고 있는 D대학교에 재학중인 남녀 학생 총 116명으로 타당도 검사 57명, 신뢰도 검사 59명이 참여하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 16.0을 이용하여 상관분석을 실시하였고, 이때 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 분석결과 Bodypro_ PAPS(DS100)의 타당도는 시간단위(1분간격)에 따라 r=.702(p=.001)에서 r=.989(p=.001) 사이의 값으로 나타났다. 또한 신뢰도는 시간단위(1분간격)에 따라 r=.511(p=.001)에서 r=.789(p=.001) 사이의 값으로 나타났다. 분석결과 Bodypro_PAPS(DS100)는 심박수측정기로 비교적 높은 타당도를 보였지만, 신뢰도는 중간정도 이상의 수준으로 확인되었다. The purpose of this study was to estimate reliability and validity of Bodypro_PAPS(DS100) which is the wireless heart rate monitor developed by South Korean corporation DU-SUNG technology. The criteria equipment to estimate the validity of Bodypro_PAPS(DS100) was polar(T-31) model, according to the purpose of this study Bruce Treadmill Max Protocol was implemented to subjects equiped both criteria equipment and developed equipment. With equipping Bodypro_PAPS(DS100) to subjects, the experiment with controlled time and speed was implemented twice by walking and running to estimate reliability of developed equipment. The subjects of this study were 116 male and female who were at D university in Daejeon. 57 participated in validity test and 59 participated in reliability test. The correlation analysis was implemented by using SPSS 16.0 to analyse data and the statistical significance level was set with α=0.5. The result of analysis related to the validity of Bodypro_PAPS(DS100) is from r=.702(p=.001) to r=.989(p=.001) according to the estimated time unit(1min). The result of analysis related to the reliability of Bodypro_PAPS (DS100) is from r=.511(p=.001) to r=.789(p=.001) according to the estimated time unit(1 min). The conclusion of this study is that Bodypro_PAPS(DS100) shows high validity relatively but reliability level of Bodypro_PAPS(DS100) is moderate as a heart rate wireless monitor.

운동제어의 신경생리학적 기초

정성태,홍승길,임재형 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.2

Many motor activities of animals and human beings are a critical aspect for their survival. Although it has not been clearly understood how motor activities are produced, the idea that various motor programs exist somewhere in the central nervous system (CNS) is generally accepted. As evidence for existence of motor programs in the CNS, we may consider a simple, repetitive movement like walking. Walking does not require continuous thinking. Once it is initiated, it becomes quite automatic. If we try to control consciously our automated movement, then it becomes so unnatural. Edward Evart, a neurophysiologist, noticed in his monkey experiments that the arm muscle contraction for handle movement was preceded by the activation of neurons in the motor cortex that governs the arm movement. These experimental results may be taken as evidence for existence of central programs for movements in the motor cortex. Many other studies, however, have indicated that cerebellum is an important structure where motor program are stored. Potentially, motor programs may not be restricted to a particular site in the CNS. Instead, they may be distributed in the cortex. cerebellum and other neural structures such as the basal ganglia. To understand movements at the neural level, we should determine how movements are coded in the CNS. More specifically, we may have to reveal how neurons are interconnected and how they communicate with each other to ultimately produce movements. An important thing to realize before we attempt to answer these questions is the fact that there is no clear-cut boundary between voluntary and involuntary movements. Even in the voluntary activities such as tennis game, there are lots of involuntary components. Also, in many other cases, there is good evidence that perfect movements can be achieved involuntarily. Diving, which requires a rapid, coordinated control of eyes, arms, legs and other parts of the body, is a good example. To perform this type of movement, there must be a motor program. Cerebellum has been indicated as a key structure necessary for this kind of program. Cerebellum is known as a site involved in the control of independent limb movements, especially rapid, skilled movements. Such movements are initiated by neurons in the frontal association cortex, which control neurons in the primary motor cortex. Both the frontal association cortex and the primary motor cortex send information about intended movements to the cerebellum. Information from the somatosensory system, which informs about the current position and rate of the movement of the limbs-information necessary for computing the details of a movement-is also sent to the cerebellum. When the cerebellum receives the information that the motor cortex has begun to initiate a movement, it computes the contribution that various muscles will have to make to perform that movement. The result of this computation is sent back to the motor cortex. Thus, the information from the cortex enables the cerebellum to modify the ongoing movement initiated by the frontal cortex. The capacity of the cerebellum to fine-tune motor drive generated in the motor cortex may be enhanced by training. In this case, the training will influence the involuntary components of movement.

쥐의 점프 운동학습이 소뇌 퍼킨제 세포의 신경연접 효율성에 미치는 영향

정성태,임재형 한국운동과학회 1996 운동과학 Vol.5 No.1

쥐의 점프 운동학습이 소뇌 퍼킨제 세포의 신경연접 효율성에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제5권 제1호. 13∼24. 운동학습에 대한 신경생리학적 관련성은 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 하지만 학습과정에서 소뇌가 중요한 역할을 담당하는 부위임을 시사하는 실험적 증거가 있다. 하지만 불수의적이고 자동화된 운동학습에 대한 소뇌의 역할에 대해서는 검증된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 자동화된 운동학습 집단과 통제집단 사이의 평행섬유-퍼킨제세포의 신경연접 효율성을 비교함으로써 이 문제에 접근하였다. 소뇌 과립 세포층을 전기자극하여 퍼킨제 세포층으로부터 유발한 집단 스파크에 강축(100㎐, 1Sec)이 미치는 영향을 보았는데, 강축은 집단 스파크를 유발시키기 위해 선택한 자극강도와 같았다. 운동학습은 조건자극과 무조건자극을 부여하여 10㎝ 높이의 장애물을 점프운동하는 고전적 조건화 방법을 이용했다. 연구 결과, 통제집단에서는 저하된 형태로 나타났으나 운동학습 집단에서는 장시간 강화된 형태로 나타났다. 따라서 소뇌가 불수의적, 자동화된 운동학습에 관여하며, 자동화된 운동학습에는 저하가 아닌 장기강화 현상이 전기생리 학적으로 의미가 있다는 결론을 도출하였다. Effects of jump motor learning on the synaptic efficacy of cerebellar purkinje cells. Exercise Science, 5(1); 13∼23. The neurophysiological correlates of motor learning have not been clearly elucidated. Experimental evidence, however, suggests that the cerebellum is critical in the learning process. The cerebellum is known to operate as an error detector in voluntary movement, particularly in smooth and slow movement. In support of this idea, studies with primates have demonstrated that the frequency neurons of the cerebellum, decreases chronically after learning the skill for voluntary movement, whereas the frequency of complex spikes evoked by climbing fiber increases temporarily during the motor learning process. In line with rhease studies, elsctrophysiological studies have shown that the efficacy in the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse is chronocally depressed following low-frequency(4 ㎐, 25 sec), cinjunctional stimulation of parallel and climbing fiber inputs to Purkinje cell, suggesting that long-term depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse might be the part of the engram of motor learning. The possible role of the cerebellum in learning the skills for involuntary, automated movement has not been tested. In the present study, I addressed this issue by comparing trained and untrained rats for automated movement (i.e., jump induced by classical conditioning) in the efficacy of the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. The data of the present study have shown that the population spike of cerebellar Purkinje cells from parallel fiber stimulation is potentiated in a long-term fashion in trained rats after tetanic stimulation (100 ㎐, 1 sec) of granular cell layer, whereas it is depressed in untrained ones. On the basis of the present results, I have drawn the following conclusions: 1) the cerebellum is involved in learning the skills for involuntary, automated movement, 2) long-term potentiation, not depression, is probably the electrophysiological signature for automated motor learning.