점진적 운동시 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 심혈관 자율신경장애 정도에 따른 심혈관계 반응

임강일 ( Kang Il Lim ),신윤아 ( Yun A Shin ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2010 체육과학연구 Vol.21 No.3

당뇨병성 심혈관계 자율신경장애(cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: CAN)는 손상된 교감신경과 부교감신경계에 의해 개인의 운동능력이 제한되어진다. 이 연구는 자전거 에르고미터에서의 점진적 운동시 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 CAN의 정도에 따른 심혈관계 반응의 차이를 알아보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 총 65명의 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 신체구성성분, 혈액검사, 운동부하검사, 심혈관계 자율신경증 검사를 실시하였으며, 심호흡에 의한 동성부정맥, 체위변동에 따른 심박동수의 변화, 발살바 수기에 의한 심박동수의 변화에 따라자율신경 기능지수를 기초로 정상군 13명, 초기 장애군 19명, 그리고 장애군 33명으로 분류하였다. 무산소성역치 시점에서 최대운동 시점 간에 장애군은 정상군과 초기 장애군에 비해 낮은 심박수를 나타내었으며( p<.001), 최대산소섭취량과 MET으로 나타내는 운동능력은 장애군에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었다( p<0.01). 그러나 %최대심박수와 %최대심박수예비량은 유의한 집단간 차이를 나타내지 못하였다. 자율신경기능 점수는 최대운동시 심박수(r=-.425, p<.001)와 산소섭취량(r=-.240, p<.05)과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 비록 자율신경장애가 당뇨환자의 운동수행능력에 큰 영향을 주지 않는다고 할지라도 운동처방을 위한 심박수의 적용은 자율신경장애를 가지고 있는 당뇨환자를 위해 적절하게 고려되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. In diabetic individuals with cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), exercise tolerance is limited as a result of impaired parasympathetic/sympathetic responses. We investigated influence of autonomic neuropathy of different severity on cardiovascular response during incremental exercise. Sixteen five type 2 diabetic patients were divided into Definitive CAN (n=33), Early CAN (n=19) and without CAN (n=13) based on the score by CAN tests including heart rate variability during deep breathing, valsalva maneuver, and 30:15 ratio. All the subjects underwent incremental exercise test using a cycle-ergometer to estimate the rate of oxygen consumption (VO2), metabolic equivalent (MET), heart rate, percent HRmax, and percent HR reserve at the level of anaerobic threshold and maximum. Heart rate was significantly lower in Definite CAN than Early CAN (p<.001) and Normal (p<.05) both at anaerobic threshold and at maximum. Exercise capacity expressed as maximal oxygen consumption and MET at maximal exercise load was significantly decreased in Definite CAN patients (p<0.01). However, the significant differences among groups on %HRmax and %HRreserve were not observed. The total score of cardiac autonomic neuropathy correlated inversely with maximal increase in heart rate (r=-.425, p<.001) and VO2 (r=-.240, p<.05). These findings suggest that heart rate based exercise prescription might be cautiously considered for diabetics with Definite CAN, but not Early CAN, even though the presence of CAN does not affect their exercise capacity.

여성노인 당뇨병 환자의 심폐체력 평가를 위한 Tecumseh Step Test의 타당성

임강일 ( Kang-il Lim ),김규호 ( Kyu-ho Kim ) 한국특수체육학회 2017 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 제2형 당뇨병을 가지고 있는 여성노인을 대상으로 최대산소섭취량(VO2max)을 평가하기 위한 Tecumseh Step Test(TST)의 타당도와 유용성을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 제2형 당뇨병으로 진단받은 60대~70대(67.5±7.0세)의 여성노인 64명을 대상으로 신체구성성분, 혈액검사를 실시하고, 모든 대상자는 운동부하검사를 위해 cycle ergometer, 6-min walking test(6-MWT) 및 TST를 측정을 실시하였다. 에르고미터를 이용한 VO2max와 TST의 회복시 심박수, 6-MWT의 이동거리의 상관관계를 알아보고자 피어슨 상관계수와 회귀분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 에르고미터를 통한 VO2max와 TST의 회복기 심박수는 유의한 음의 상관관계(r=-.490, p<.001), 6-MWT의 이동거리와는 양의 상관관계(r=.533, p<.001)를 나타냈었다. 다중회귀분석 결과 6-MWT와 TST는 각각 40%, 39%의 비슷한 설명력을 가지는 것으로 나타났으나, TST검사(p=.002)가 6-MWT(p=.006) 보다 다소 높은 타당도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 볼 때, TST 검사는 당뇨병을 가진 여성노인을 위해 최대산소섭취량을 설명하는 예측인자로 유용성이 있는 것으로 고려된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate validity of the Tecumseh Step Test(TST) for evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly women patients with diabetes mellitus. Sixty four elderly women patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 60-79 years volunteered for this study. All the subjects underwent incremental exercise test using a cycle-ergometer to estimate the rate of oxygen consumption(VO₂), 6-min walking test(6-MWT), and TST. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficients and multiple regress analysis. The results of this study were as follows. The significant negative correlation(r=-.490, p<.001) between VO₂max and the recovery heart rate of TST was observed, whereas VO₂max was significantly positively correlated to the distance of 6-MWT(r=.533, p<.001). In regression analysis, both 6-MWT and TST were an important predict variation to VO2max. The recovery of TST(p=.002) rather than the distance of 6-MWT(p=.006) showed a higher test validity for evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness. These results suggest that TST may be useful to test cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly women patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

비만과 당뇨비만 여성들의 아디포사이토카인, 인슐린 저항성 및 인슐린 분비능에 대한 복합운동 트레이닝의 효과

임강일 ( Kang Il Lim ),신윤아 ( Yun Ah Shin ),석민화 ( Min Hwa Suk ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2006 운동과학 Vol.15 No.3

장기간 운동이 뇌졸중 여성의 대사증후군 동반여부에 따른 심혈관질환 위험요인, 동맥경화지표 및 염증에 미치는 영향

임강일(Kang Il Lim),안재흥(Jae Heung Ahn),정연성(Yon Seung Jung),신윤아(Yun A Shin) 한국사회체육학회 2012 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.47

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors, atherosclerosis index, and inflammation in women stroke patients with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on ATP III criteria. Sixteen five women stroke patients (Stroke group, n=25; Stroke+Mets group, n=33) performed aerobic exercise (heart rate on VO2R 70%, 30min/day, 5days/week) using bicycle ergometer for 24weeks. As results, aerobic capacity, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, the number of cardiovascular risk factors, atherosclerosis index and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly improved in the both groups. Especially, the significant interaction effects between time and group were observed on HDL-C, the number of cardiovascular risk factors and CRP. Although the effect of exercise was more effective for the improvement of HDL-C and inflammation in stroke patients with metabolic syndrome, these results suggest that long term aerobic exercise may improve cardiovascular and metabolic function for stroke patients, regardless of the present of metabolic syndrome.

규칙적인 유산소운동이 비만 중년여성의 신체구성 및 폐기능 변화에 미치는 영향

석민화(Suk, Min-Hwa)임강일(Lim, Kang-Il),신윤아(Shin, Yun-A) 대한운동학회 2008 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 12주간의 복합트레이닝 후 비만중년여성의 신체구성 및 체지방률의 변화가 폐기능의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 피험자는 체지방률이 30%이상인 비만 중년 여성 37명으로 선정하였으며, 대조군 14명과 운동군 23명으로 무선 배정하였다. 12주간의 유산소운동 프로그램은 V ˙ O2R의 60%에서 주당 3회, 하루 60분 동안 실시하였다. 12주간의 유산소운동 참여에 따른 집단과 측정시기 간 상호작용효과를 검증하기 위해 반복측정분산분석(repeated measure ANOVA)을 실시한 결과, 운동군에서 유산소운동 후 체중(p<.01), 체지방률(p<.001), WHR(p<.01)는 유의한 감소를 나타낸 반면에, FEV1/FVC(p<.001), FEF25-75%(p<.001), MVV(p<.05)는 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 운동 후 FEV1/FVC와 FEV25~75%의 변화량은 체지방률의 변화량과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 또한 MVV의 변화량도 체중, 체지방률, WHR등의 모든 신체구성성분의 변화량과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 규칙적인 유산소운동이 신체구성성분의 유의한 감소, 특히 체지방량의 감소와 함께 폐기능이 효과적으로 개선되어짐을 제시한다. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of regular aerobic exercise on body composition and pulmonary function in obese middle-aged women. Thirty seven obese women (≥30%fat) were randomly divided into control( n=14) and exercise group(n=23). Supervised exercise program for 12 weeks consisted of 60% V ˙ O2R, 3days a week, and 60minutes a day. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze an interaction effect between time and group. Whereas body weight(p<.01), %fat(p<.001), and WHR(p<.01) were significant decreased, FEV1/FVC(p<.001), FEF25~75%(p<.001), and MVV(p<.05) were significant increased after exercise training. The change of FEV1/FVC and FEV25~75% was negatively associated with the change of %fat. Also, the change of MVV was negatively correlated with the change of body weight, BMI, %fat, and WHR. The results of this study suggest that regular aerobic exercise may induce a significant reduction of body composition, especially percent body fat, along with the improvement of lung function

복합트레이닝 프로그램이 비만인의 렙틴, 아디포넥틴 농도와 대사증후군 요인에 미치는 영향

신윤아 ( Yun A Shin ),임강일 ( Kang Il Lim ),석민화 ( Min Hwa Suk ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2005 운동과학 Vol.14 No.4

복합 하지 스트레칭이 유소년 농구선수들의 관절가동범위, 기능성 체력과 등속성 근력에 미치는 영향

이승엽(Rhi, Soung-Yob),임강일(Lim, Kang-Il) 한국코칭능력개발원 2014 코칭능력개발지 Vol.16 No.2

단거리육상선수들의 우수선수와 비우수선수의 체력분석과 경기력 예측

김규호(Kim, Kyu-Ho),임강일(Lim, Kang-Il) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze physical fitness and predict performance in types of field and track athletes to figure out elite and non-elite athletes. 102 athletes in field and track participated in this study voluntarily and the athletes were divided into 3 classes(high, middle and low)based on the national competition record and coaches’poll. All the tests, such as physical volume(height, girth of chest, waist circumstance, wrist circumstance, hip circumstance), body composition(body weight, %body fat, lean body mass, BMI, WHR), physical fitness(sit-up, curl-up, flexibility, grasping power, abdominal strength and VO2max) and also anaerobic variables(mean power, peak power and fatigue) were tested to each players. The result of each variables was expressed with percentile to evaluate physical fitness. And to predict performance level(high, mid or low class), logistic regression analysis was applied. The results were as follows: Based on the results from the 3 classes, there were significant differences in physical fitness. Among the 10 physical fitness, flexibility, VO2max, mean power and peak power in high class were statistically significant than those of mid and low classes. The factors that present the level of class among the physical fitness variables were flexibility and VO2max. The logistic regression model is shown as Y=-0.316 × (flexibility) - 0.230(VO2max) + 16.913. In addition, the anaerobic factors indicating performance level were mean power and peak power. The results indicate that it is necessary further research to provide more scientific evidence not only for recruiting athletes but also for training purposes.

낙상빈도에 따른 여성노인의 등속성근기능, 유연성, 정적평형성 및 동적반응력에 관한 연구

최혜정(Hye Jung Choi),임강일(Kang Il Lim),전태원(Tae Won Jun) 한국여성체육학회 2007 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.21 No.3

비만여성들의 C-Reactive Protein과 염증반응지표에 미치는 유산소훈련의 효과

신윤아(Yun A Shin),임강일(Kang Il Lim),석민화(Min Hwa Suk) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.30

The purpose of this study was investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs=CRP), inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk factors in obese women. Nineteen obese women(body mass indexs≥25) aged 40 to 53 years were randomly assigned to either a training or control group. The training program consisted of 12 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise(60%VO2R, 60min) three times a week on treadmill. Body weight, BMI, percent of body fat, and waist circumference were significantly decreased after training. Aerobic exercise significantly decreased cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers, including fibrinogen, leptin and IL-6 whereas CRP and adiponectin did not change. The reduction of weight after training was positively associated with the decrease of SBP, TC, TC/HDL-C, TG, CRP, leptin, and IL-6. The change of CRP was positively associated with that of fibrinogen and leptin(p<.05), and also a positive correlation between the changes of leptin and IL-6 was observed(p<.01). As a results, a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention improved cardiovascular risk factors as well as inflammatory markers including fibrinogen, IL-6 and leptin, but had no effect on the modification of CRP despite the improvement of body composition in obese women.